The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs

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The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs (2004)
National Academy of Engineering (NAE)
Board on Energy and Environmental Systems (BEES)

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. "Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2004.

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The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs

Pathway	CS NG-C	CS NG-F	CS NG-C-Seq	CS NG-F- Seq	CS Coal-C	CS Coal-F	CS Coal-C-Seq	CS Coal-F-Seq	CS Nu-F
Table E-	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
Dispensing costs, $/kg H₂
Variable costs
Electricity	0.14	0.11	0.14	0.11	0.14	0.11	0.14	0.11	0.11
Non-fuel O&M, 1%/yr of capital	0.09	0.06	0.09	0.06	0.09	0.06	0.09	0.06	0.06
Total variable costs	0.23	0.17	0.23	0.17	0.23	0.17	0.23	0.17	0.17
Fixed costs, 5%/yr of capital	0.05	0.04	0.05	0.04	0.05	0.04	0.05	0.04	0.04
Capital charges, 18%/yr of capital	0.25	0.18	0.25	0.18	0.25	0.18	0.25	0.18	0.18
Total Dispensing Costs	0.54	0.39	0.54	0.39	0.54	0.39	0.54	0.39	0.39
H₂ costs, $/kg
Production	1.03	0.92	1.22	1.02	0.96	0.71	1.03	0.77	1.63
Distribution	0.42	0.31	0.42	0.31	0.42	0.31	0.42	0.31	0.31
Dispensing	0.54	0.39	0.54	0.39	0.54	0.39	0.54	0.39	0.39
CO₂ disposal	0	0	0.09	0.08	0	0	0.16	0.15
Carbon tax	0.13	0.12	0.02	0.02	0.26	0.23	0.04	0.03
Total H₂ Costs	2.11	1.73	2.28	1.82	2.17	1.63	2.19	1.64	2.33
Carbon dioxide vented to atmosphere
kg carbon/kg H₂	2.51	2.39	0.42	0.35	5.12	4.56	0.82	0.60
Direct use	2.45	2.34	0.26	0.24	4.90	4.50	0.49	0.45
Indirect use	0.06	0.05	0.16	0.12	0.21	0.07	0.33	0.15
kg CO₂/kg H₂	9.22	8.75	1.53	1.30	18.76	16.73	3.00	2.21
Direct use	8.99	8.56	0.95	0.88	17.98	16.49	1.80	1.65
Indirect use	0.23	0.18	0.58	0.42	0.77	0.25	1.20	0.56
Carbon charge ($/kg)	0.13	0.12	0.02	0.02	0.26	0.23	0.04	0.03
Carbon dioxide sequestered
Carbon dioxide (kg CO₂/kg H₂)			8.56	7.91			16.19	14.84
Carbon			2.34	2.16			4.41	4.05