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Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate (2005)
Food and Nutrition Board (FNB)

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. "4 Water." Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2005.

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate

lality, can be achieved with a wide range of total water intakes (e.g., first through 99th percentile of total water intake) (Appendix Table G-1). Therefore, the AI for total water is set based on the median total water intake using data from NHANES III (Appendix Table D-1) and rounding to the nearest 0.1 L.

Based on these data, the median total water intake for children 1 to 3 years of age was 1.3 L/day, children 4 to 8 years was 1.7 L/day, boys 9 to 13 years was 2.4 L/day, boys 14 to 18 years was 3.3 L/day, girls 9 to 13 years was 2.1 L/day, and girls 14 to 18 years was 2.3 L/ day.

The percent of total water that was consumed from foods was 29 percent for ages 1 to 3 years (0.38 L/day), 29 percent for ages 4 to 8 years (0.51 L/day), 24 percent for boys 9 to 13 years (0.58 L/day), 20 percent for boys 14 to 18 years (0.67 L/day), 24 percent for girls 9 to 13 years (0.52 L/day), and 20 percent for girls 14 to 18 years (0.46 L/day) (derived from Appendix Table D-1 and D-4, by dividing the median in Table D-4 by the median in Table D-1).

Total Water AI Summary, Ages 1 Through 18 Years

AI for Children

1–3 years

1.3 L/day of total water. This includes approximately 0.9 L (4 cups) as total beverages, including drinking water.5

4–8 years

1.7 L/day of total water. This includes approximately 1.2 L (5 cups) as total beverages, including drinking water.

AI for Boys

9–13 years

2.4 L/day of total water. This includes approximately 1.8 L (8 cups) as total beverages, including drinking water.

14–18 years

3.3 L/day of total water. This includes approximately 2.6 L (11 cups) as total beverages, including drinking water.

AI for Girls

9–13 years

2.1 L/day of total water. This includes approximately 1.6 L (7 cups) as total beverages, including drinking water.

5  

Conversion factors: 1 L = 33.8 fluid oz; 1 L = 1.06 qt; 1 cup = 8 fluid oz.

Page
143
Front Matter (R1-R20)
Summary (1-20)
1 Introduction to Dietary Reference Intakes (21-36)
2 Overview and Methods (37-49)
3 A Model for the Development of Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (50-72)
4 Water (73-185)
5 Potassium (186-268)
6 Sodium and Chloride (269-423)
7 Sulfate (424-448)
8 Applications of Dietary Reference Intakes for Electrolytes and Water (449-464)
9 A Research Agenda (465-470)
Appendix A: Glossary and Acronyms (471-476)
Appendix B: Origin and Framework of the Development of Dietary Reference Intakes (477-484)
Appendix C: Predictions of Daily Water and Sodium Requirements (485-493)
Appendix D: U.S. Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 (494-517)
Appendix E: U.S. Dietary Intake Data for Water and Weaning Foods from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals, 1994–1996, 1998 (518-526)
Appendix F: Canadian Dietary Intake Data for Adults from Ten Provinces, 1990–1997 (527-533)
Appendix G: U.S. Water Intake and Serum Osmolality Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 (534-536)
Appendix H: U.S. Total Water Intake Data by Frequency of Leisure Time Activity from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 (537-545)
Appendix I: Dose-Response Effects of Sodium Intake on Blood Pressure (546-557)
Appendix J: Serum Electrolyte Concentrations NHANES III, 1988-94 (558-563)
Appendix K: Options for Dealing with Uncertainties (564-568)
Appendix L: Acknowledgments (569-571)
Appendix M: Biographical Sketches of Panel Members (572-576)
Index (577-618)