Function

Role played by a nutrient in growth, development, and maturation

GFR

Glomerular filtration rate

Hazard identification

First step in a risk assessment, which is concerned with the collection, organization, and evaluation of all information pertaining to the toxic properties of a nutrient

Health Canada

The federal department in Canada responsible for maintaining and improving the health of Canadian people

HDL

High-density lipoprotein

Hyperhydration

Higher than normal total body water (euhydration)

Hyperkalemia

Serum potassium concentration > 5.0 mEq/L or mmol/L

Hypernatremia

Serum sodium concentration > 145 mEq/L or mmol/L

Hypertension

Systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mm Hg

Hypohydration

Lower than normal total body water (euhydration) (see dehydration)

Hypokalemia

Serum potassium concentration < 3.5 mEq/L or mmol/L

Hyponatremia

Serum sodium concentration < 135 mEq/L or mmol/L

ICF

Intracellular fluid

IOM

Institute of Medicine

LDL

Low-density lipoprotein

LOAEL

Lowest-observed-adverse-effect level; the lowest intake (or experimental dose) of a nutrient at which an adverse effect has been identified

MAP

Mean arterial pressure; diastolic pressure times 2 plus systolic pressure over 3; the average pressure during a cardiac cycle

MCL

Maximum contaminant level; a level set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for environmental contaminants