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PAPERBACK + PDF your price: $70.50 add to cart PAPERBACK list:$59.95 Web:$53.96 add to cart HARDBACK list:$79.95 Web:$71.95 add to cart PDF BOOK your price: $46.00 add to cart PDF CHAPTERS your price: $3.00 select Rights & Permissions Free Resources PDF EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Display this book on your site! Related Titles Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids (Macronutrients) Nutrient Composition of Rations for Short-Term, High-Intensity Combat Operations Other Related Titles Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate (2005) Food and Nutrition Board (FNB) Web Search Builder Use this book's key terms to search within this book, across our collection, or across the Web. Skim This Chapter Skim this chapter and use this chapter's key terms to search within this book. Reference Finder Paste in your own text to find books that relate to your topic. Page 558   E-mail  Facebook  Digg  Stumble  Twitter More The following HTML text is provided to enhance online readability. Many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to HTML. Please use the page image as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy. J U.S. Serum Electrolyte Concentration Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 TABLE J-1 Mean and Selected Percentiles of Serum Potassium (mmol/L): United States, NHANES III, 1988–1994 Sex/Age Categorya n Mean Percentile 1st 5th 10th M, 14–18 y 1,196 4.18 3.82 3.92 3.97 Standard error   0.02 0.07 0.05 0.05 M, 19–50 y 4,277 4.08 3.63 3.76 3.83 Standard error   0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 M, 51–70 y 1,953 4.11 3.43 3.65 3.76 Standard error   0.01 0.03 0.02 0.02 M, 71+ y 1,328 4.26 3.60 3.80 3.91 Standard error   0.02 0.04 0.03 0.02 F, 14–18 y 1,269 4.06 3.69 3.79 3.84 Standard error   0.02 0.04 0.03 0.03 F, 19–50 y 4,675 4.00 3.52 3.67 3.74 Standard error   0.01 0.03 0.02 0.02 F, 51–70 y 2,046 4.04 3.38 3.60 3.71 Standard error   0.01 0.03 0.03 0.02 F, 71+ y 1,489 4.11 3.34 3.58 3.70 Standard error   0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 Pregnant 323 3.91 3.52 3.62 3.68 Standard error   0.02 0.18 0.14 0.11 Lactating 100 4.08 3.61 3.76 3.84 Standard error   0.05 0.37 0.25 0.19 a M = male, F = female (not pregnant and/or lactating). NOTE: Data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method to provide estimates of usual serum potassium concentrations. Means, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy or lactating status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy or lactating status were excluded from the analysis. Page 558 Front Matter (R1-R20) Summary (1-20) 1 Introduction to Dietary Reference Intakes (21-36) 2 Overview and Methods (37-49) 3 A Model for the Development of Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (50-72) 4 Water (73-185) 5 Potassium (186-268) 6 Sodium and Chloride (269-423) 7 Sulfate (424-448) 8 Applications of Dietary Reference Intakes for Electrolytes and Water (449-464) 9 A Research Agenda (465-470) Appendix A: Glossary and Acronyms (471-476) Appendix B: Origin and Framework of the Development of Dietary Reference Intakes (477-484) Appendix C: Predictions of Daily Water and Sodium Requirements (485-493) Appendix D: U.S. Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988 1994 (494-517) Appendix E: U.S. Dietary Intake Data for Water and Weaning Foods from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals, 1994 1996, 1998 (518-526) Appendix F: Canadian Dietary Intake Data for Adults from Ten Provinces, 1990 1997 (527-533) Appendix G: U.S. Water Intake and Serum Osmolality Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988 1994 (534-536) Appendix H: U.S. Total Water Intake Data by Frequency of Leisure Time Activity from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988 1994 (537-545) Appendix I: Dose-Response Effects of Sodium Intake on Blood Pressure (546-557) Appendix J: Serum Electrolyte Concentrations NHANES III, 1988-94 (558-563) Appendix K: Options for Dealing with Uncertainties (564-568) Appendix L: Acknowledgments (569-571) Appendix M: Biographical Sketches of Panel Members (572-576) Index (577-618)

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate J U.S. Serum Electrolyte Concentration Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 TABLE J-1 Mean and Selected Percentiles of Serum Potassium (mmol/L): United States, NHANES III, 1988–1994 Sex/Age Categorya n Mean Percentile 1st 5th 10th M, 14–18 y 1,196 4.18 3.82 3.92 3.97 Standard error   0.02 0.07 0.05 0.05 M, 19–50 y 4,277 4.08 3.63 3.76 3.83 Standard error   0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 M, 51–70 y 1,953 4.11 3.43 3.65 3.76 Standard error   0.01 0.03 0.02 0.02 M, 71+ y 1,328 4.26 3.60 3.80 3.91 Standard error   0.02 0.04 0.03 0.02 F, 14–18 y 1,269 4.06 3.69 3.79 3.84 Standard error   0.02 0.04 0.03 0.03 F, 19–50 y 4,675 4.00 3.52 3.67 3.74 Standard error   0.01 0.03 0.02 0.02 F, 51–70 y 2,046 4.04 3.38 3.60 3.71 Standard error   0.01 0.03 0.03 0.02 F, 71+ y 1,489 4.11 3.34 3.58 3.70 Standard error   0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 Pregnant 323 3.91 3.52 3.62 3.68 Standard error   0.02 0.18 0.14 0.11 Lactating 100 4.08 3.61 3.76 3.84 Standard error   0.05 0.37 0.25 0.19 a M = male, F = female (not pregnant and/or lactating). NOTE: Data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method to provide estimates of usual serum potassium concentrations. Means, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy or lactating status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy or lactating status were excluded from the analysis.

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 4.07 4.18 4.29 4.40 4.47 4.59 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.06 0.09 3.94 4.07 4.21 4.34 4.42 4.58 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 3.94 4.12 4.29 4.46 4.56 4.77 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 4.07 4.25 4.43 4.62 4.74 5.00 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.05 3.94 4.05 4.17 4.28 4.35 4.48 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.06 3.86 3.99 4.13 4.26 4.35 4.53 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 3.87 4.04 4.20 4.37 4.47 4.69 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 3.90 4.10 4.32 4.54 4.69 5.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.06 3.78 3.90 4.03 4.16 4.24 4.40 0.07 0.03 0.06 0.12 0.16 0.24 3.96 4.09 4.21 4.31 4.37 4.47 0.10 0.06 0.11 0.17 0.21 0.27 DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics, Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994. SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics (2003).

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate TABLE J-2 Mean and Selected Percentiles of Serum Sodium (mmol/L): United States, NHANES III, 1988–1994 Sex/Age Categorya n Mean Percentile 1st 5th 10th M, 14–18 y 1,196 141.4 138.6 139.5 139.9 Standard error   0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 M, 19–50 y 4,277 141.7 138.7 139.7 140.1 Standard error   0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 M, 51–70 y 1,953 141.5 137.9 139.1 139.7 Standard error   0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 M, 71+ y 1,328 141.6 137.9 139.1 139.7 Standard error   0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 F, 14–18 y 1,269 140.8 136.4 138.3 138.9 Standard error   1.3 8.8 3.4 2.3 F, 19–50 y 4,675 140.9 137.5 138.4 139.0 Standard error   0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 F, 51–70 y 2,046 141.5 136.4 138.3 139.1 Standard error   0.1 0.6 0.3 0.3 F, 71+ y 1,489 141.3 135.6 137.7 138.6 Standard error   0.2 0.4 0.3 0.3 Pregnant 323 138.8 134.5 136.3 137.0 Standard error   0.2 0.8 0.5 0.4 Lactating 100 141.9 139.3 140.2 140.6 Standard error   0.3 0.5 0.3 0.3 a M = male, F = female (not pregnant and/or lactating). NOTE: Data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method to provide estimates of usual serum potassium concentrations. Means, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy or lactating status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy or lactating status were excluded from the analysis.

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 140.6 141.4 142.1 142.8 143.3 144.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 140.9 141.7 142.5 143.3 143.7 144.7 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 140.6 141.5 142.5 143.3 143.8 144.7 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 140.7 141.6 142.6 143.4 144.0 145.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 139.9 140.8 141.8 142.5 143.0 144.0 1.6 1.1 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 139.9 140.8 141.8 142.7 143.4 144.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 140.3 141.5 142.7 143.8 144.4 145.7 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 140.1 141.4 142.6 143.8 144.6 146.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.5 137.9 138.7 139.8 140.9 141.5 142.7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 141.3 142.0 142.6 143.2 143.5 144.0 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics, Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994. SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics (2003).

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate TABLE J-3 Mean and Selected Percentiles of Serum Chloride (mmol/L): United States, NHANES III, 1988–1994 Sex/Age Categorya n Mean Percentile 1st 5th 10th M, 14–18 y 1,196 104.1 100.4 101.5 102.1 Standard error   0.2 0.6 0.5 0.4 M, 19–50 y 4,277 104.5 99.9 101.3 102.0 Standard error   0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 M, 51–70 y 1,953 104.3 97.4 99.8 101.0 Standard error   0.2 0.5 0.6 0.5 M, 71+ y 1,328 104.1 97.3 99.6 100.8 Standard error   0.2 0.8 0.4 0.3 F, 14–18 y 1,269 104.8 100.4 101.7 102.4 Standard error   0.2 0.6 0.4 0.3 F, 19–50 y 4,675 105.0 100.0 101.5 102.4 Standard error   0.2 0.4 0.3 0.3 F, 51–70 y 2,046 104.1 97.0 99.4 100.6 Standard error   0.2 0.5 0.4 0.4 F, 71+ y 1,489 103.7 95.9 98.7 100.0 Standard error   0.2 1.0 0.5 0.4 Pregnant 323 105.1 100.8 102.2 102.9 Standard error   0.4 1.9 1.3 1.0 Lactating 100 105.3 101.2 102.5 103.2 Standard error   0.5 2.8 1.8 1.4 a M = male, F = female (not pregnant and/or lactating). NOTE: Data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method to provide estimates of usual serum potassium concentrations. Means, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy or lactating status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy or lactating status were excluded from the analysis.

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 103.0 104.1 105.1 106.0 106.6 107.6 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 103.2 104.5 105.8 106.9 107.6 108.9 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 102.7 104.4 106.0 107.4 108.3 109.9 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 102.5 104.2 105.8 107.3 108.2 109.9 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.8 103.6 104.8 106.0 107.1 107.7 108.8 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 103.7 105.1 106.5 107.6 108.3 109.5 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 102.4 104.2 105.9 107.5 108.4 110.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 102.0 103.8 105.6 107.1 108.0 109.6 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 104.0 105.1 106.2 107.2 107.9 109.1 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.7 104.3 105.4 106.4 107.2 107.6 108.4 0.8 0.5 0.7 1.0 1.3 1.8 DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics, Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994. SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics (2003).

Representative terms from entire chapter:

standard errors