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ABOUT THE AUTHORS
R. Michael Roberts, Ph.D., (NAS) (Chair) is the Curator's Professor of Animal Science, Biochemistry and
Veterinary Pathology at the University of Missouri. He is best known for his contributions in facilitating our
understanding of embryo-maternal communication during the early stages of pregnancy. Roberts was the first to
discover that early placentas produce interferons that mediate maternal recognition of the embryo in cattle and
sheep. He has broad expertise in plant and animal physiology and experience with the National Academies'
deliberative study process. In addition to his current position, Roberts has served as Chair of the Veterinary
Pathobiology Department at Missouri from 1995 to 1998, and Chief Scientist for the USDA's National Research
Initiative from 1998 to 2000. He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1996. Roberts received his
Ph.D. in plant physiology and biochemistry from Oxford University, England, in 1965. Among his numerous awards
and honors, Roberts was named a Fellow of the World Health Organization (1977), and has been awarded the U.S
Department of Agriculture Distinguished Scientist (1992), Alexander von Humboldt Award for Agriculture (1996),
and the Wolf Prize for Agriculture (2003). He previously served on the National Research Council Committee on
Defining Science-Based Concerns Associated with Products of Animal Biotechnology, and currently serves on the
Editorial Board of The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Members
Joseph W. Alexander, D.V.M., is Vice President for Research and External Relations at Oklahoma State
University, and previously was the Dean of the College of Veterinary Medicine. His responsibilities in
administration of research services include ensuring that all research programs and policies are in compliance with
state and federal regulations. He has extensive experience with the administration of veterinary hospitals.
Alexander's research has focused on orthopedics and dysplasia in cats and dogs, with additional research involving
marine mammals. While at Oklahoma State University, he oversaw the operation of the Boren Veterinary Medical
Teaching Hospital. During his tenure with Virginia Tech, he was the Director for the Veterinary Medical Teaching
Hospital. Alexander was selected as a Distinguished Practitioner by his peers in the National Academy of Practice in
Veterinary Medicine in 1997. He is a past president of the Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges
and a past president of the International Association of Aquatic Animal Medicine. He has also been a Diplomate of
the American College of Veterinary Surgeons since 1979. He is the editor of several books on the veterinary clinics
of North America, and orthopedic diseases. Alexander has a B.S. in animal science from the University of Arizona,
an M.S. in educational administration from the University of Tennessee and supervision, and a D.V.M. from
Colorado State University.
Bradford S. Bell, Ph.D., is an Assistant Professor of Industrial and Labor Relations at Cornell University.
Previously, he was a lecturer in industrial and organizational psychology at Michigan State University. Bell has
experience in organizational psychology studying the implications of integrating the features of active learning
techniques into complex and dynamic learning environments. His primary research focuses on developing learning
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108 ANIMAL CARE AND MANAGEMENT AT THE NATIONAL ZOO: INTERIM REPORT
systems that can enhance individual, team, and organizational effectiveness. His most recent research examines the
implications of errors for individual and organizational learning. Bell's research has also examined the impact of
individual attributes on learning, and the implications this has for designing effective organizational learning
systems. His work has been published in numerous journals and books. He has also worked as a consultant,
designing training and development, selection, and performance management systems for a variety of public and
private organizations, including the Michigan Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Veterinary Centers of
America, the Michigan Center for Truck Safety, and the Toledo Police Department. He is a member of the Society
for Human Resources Management, the American Psychological Association, the American Psychological Society,
and the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology. Bell received his M.Am. and Ph.D. in industrial and
organizational psychology from Michigan State University, and his B.A. in psychology from the University of
Maryland at College Park.
Kurt Benirschke, M.D., is a Professor Emeritus and former Chair of the Department of Pathology at the University
of California, San Diego. He also has served as Director of Research at the San Diego Zoo, and Chair of the
Department of Pathology at the Dartmouth Medical School. Benirschke served on the Board of Directors (1986-
2000) and as President (1998-2000) of the Zoological Society of San Diego. He has served as a consultant to the
National Institutes of Health, World Health Organization, the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, and Max Planck
Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. He has expertise in pathology, zoo research, and zoo administration. He
received his M.D. in 1948 in Hamburg, Germany. Benirschke was elected to the New York Academy of Sciences in
1993 and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1994. He previously served on the National Research
Council Committee on the Use of Animals in Biomedical and Behavioral Research and Panel on Microlivestock.
Benirschke was awarded the American Zoo and Aquarium Association's highest honor, the R. Marlin Perkins
Award, in 1998.
Janet Brannian, M.A., is an Adjunct English Instructor at University of Sioux Falls and freelance journalist. She
has experience as a zookeeper and animal technician. From 1983 to 1988 she was a Bird Keeper, then an Animal
Technician at the Kansas City Zoo, where she maintained the animal collection and trained the zoo volunteers to
handle education animals. Brannian also supervised zookeepers in the bird department. Brannian was a science
museum educator at the Oregon Museum of Science and Industry from 1990-1992, developing and presenting
science demonstrations to museum visitors, and outreach classes to local schools. She currently volunteers at the
Sertoma Butterfly House, preparing diets and providing care for butterflies and other invertebrates, and at The
Outdoor Campus, providing care for education animals. Brannian received her B.A. (1981) in psychology from the
University of Missouri and M.A. in English from the University of South Dakota.
Charles C. Capen, D.V.M, Ph.D., (IOM) is a Distinguished University Professor in the Department of Veterinary
Biosciences at The Ohio State University. Capen received his D.V.M from Washington State University, and his
M.S. and Ph.D. in veterinary pathology from The Ohio State University. He has expertise in comparative pathology,
medicine and toxicology. Capen has been a Diplomate of the American College of Veterinary Pathologists since
1965, and was named a Distinguished Member in 1999. He is a past president of the Society of Toxicologic
Pathologists and the Association of Veterinary Pathology Chairpersons in North America. Capen has served on the
editorial boards of Drug and Chemical Toxicology, Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology, and Food and
Chemical Toxicology. He has served on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Science Advisory Panel on
Endocrine Disruptor Screening Programs, and the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research
on Cancer.
Rhetaugh Graves Dumas, Ph.D., RN, (IOM) is Vice Provost Emerita, Dean Emerita and Lucille Cole Professor of
Nursing at the University of Michigan School of Nursing. Previously, she was the Deputy Director of the National
Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Dumas is currently
finishing a book on the complexities of leadership in human groups and organizations, and continues to provide
lectures, consultations, and technical assistance to students, faculty, and administrators in nursing, health care, and
various other fields. She has expertise in health care and administration. She is a fellow and former President of the
American Academy of Nursing and the National League of Nursing, and served as a member of President Clinton's
National Bioethics Advisory Board. Dr. Dumas holds a B.S. degree in nursing from Dillard University, New
Orleans, an M.S. in Psychiatric Nursing from Yale University, and a Ph.D. in social psychology from the Union
Institute of Cincinnati, Ohio. She was elected to the Institute of Medicine in 1984. She previously served on the
National Research Council Committee to Review the Department of Defense's Breast Cancer Research Program,
Committee on A National Neural Circuitry Data Base: A Shared Resource for the Basic and Clinical Neurosciences,
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ABOUT THE AUTHORS 109
and Committee to Plan a Major Study on National Long Term Care Policies.
Lester Fisher, D.V.M., is founder and President of LEF Company, a consulting firm to nonprofits. He also is Vice
President of the Morris Animal Foundation and Director Emeritus of the Lincoln Park Zoological Gardens in
Chicago, where he served as director for 30 years. He received his D.V.M. from Iowa State University in 1943.
Fisher was also the owner and director of Berwyn (Illinois) Animal Hospital, Associate Professor in the Department
of Biology at DePaul University, and Adjunct Professor of Zoology at the University of Illinois. He has expertise in
zoo management and zoo veterinary medicine. Fisher was a member of the International Union of Directors of
Zoological Gardens (Vice President 1980-1983; President 1983-1986) and the American Association of Zoo
Veterinarians (President 1966-1969). As the second American Zoo and Aquarium Association President, he oversaw
the establishment of the International Species Information System. During his presidency, a significant increase in
federal legislation affecting zoos was dealt with (including major revisions to the Endangered Species Act), and the
Regional Conference Proceedings began publication. Fisher was awarded the American Zoo and Aquarium
Association's highest honor, the R. Marlin Perkins Award, in 1996.
Harold F. Hintz, Ph.D., is a Professor and Chair Emeritus of the Department of Animal Science at Cornell
University. He has extensive expertise in animal nutrition, with a specialization in energy, mineral, and protein and
amino acid metabolism in equines. Throughout his career, Hintz has also conducted nutrition research in felines,
canines, and a variety of zoo animals. He is currently president of the American Academy of Veterinary Nutrition
and is president emeritus of the Equine Nutrition and Physiology Society. In 2002, Hintz was named an Honorary
Diplomate of the American College of Veterinary Nutrition. Previously, he has served as chair on both the National
Research Council Committee on Animal Nutrition (1992) and Committee on Nutrient Requirements of Horses
(1978). He also served as chair of the 2002 meeting of the International Conference on Equine Exercise Physiology.
Hintz received his B.S. from The Ohio State University in animal science, and M.S. and Ph.D. from Cornell
University in animal nutrition.
Paul W. Johnson, Ph.D., is the owner and operator (along with his family) of Oneota Slopes Farm near Decorah,
IA, since 1974, where he has been involved raising dairy, corn, soybeans, hay, beef cattle, sheep, and Christmas
trees. He has expertise in practical care and feeding of domestic livestock, and experience in managing a
multifaceted operation involving animals and plants. Johnson served three terms in the Iowa State Legislature, 1984-
1990, and was chief of the Soil Conservation Service (now the Natural Resources Conservation Service, NRCS) at
the U.S. Department of Agriculture from 1993 to 1997. He served as the director of the Iowa Department of Natural
Resources from 1999 to 2000. Johnson received a B.S. and an M.S. in forestry from the University of Michigan, and
conducted doctoral research in tropical-forest ecology in Costa Rica. He holds an honorary doctorate from Luther
College in Decorah, IA. He served as a Peace Corps volunteer in Ghana from 1962 to 1964. Johnson served two
terms on the National Research Council Board on Agriculture (1988-1993), where he reviewed the National
Research Council report on alternative agriculture and took part in the development of the National Research
Initiative Competitive Grants Program. He served as an ex officio member of the Committee on Long Range Soil
and Water Conservation Policy in 1990-1993, and helped to implement many of its recommendations while chief of
NRCS. He most recently served on the National Research Council Committee on Opportunities in Agriculture.
Maxim Kiefer, C.I.H., is Director of the Atlanta Field Office and Senior Industrial Hygienist at the National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta,
Georgia. He is responsible for supporting the NIOSH health hazard evaluation program by planning, organizing, and
conducting comprehensive industrial hygiene assessments in all industrial sectors involving chemical, biological,
and physical hazards. Kiefer has expertise in providing technical advice, assistance, and training on a wide range of
industrial hygiene matters to employers, employees, and the occupational safety and health community. He has
served as a weapons inspector for the United Nations in Cyprus, and is a Certified Hazardous Materials Emergency
Response Technician. He received the Division of Health and Human Service Award for Distinguished Service
during the emergency response to the World Trade Center. He received an M.S from Colorado State University
(1984) and B.S from the University of Georgia (1982), both in environmental health.
Rebecca Remillard, Ph.D., D.V.M., is a Staff Veterinarian and Clinical Nutritionist at MSPCA Angell Memorial
Animal Hospital. She is also Director of Hospital Continuing Education and Director of Clinical Research at
MSPCA Angell Memorial Animal Hospital. As a practicing veterinarian in a large state-of-the-art medical center,
she has extensive knowledge of current veterinary medicine practices and expertise in animal nutrition. Her major
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110 ANIMAL CARE AND MANAGEMENT AT THE NATIONAL ZOO: INTERIM REPORT
research interest is finding objective measures of nutritional status in animals to augment evaluations of patient
progress. Remillard is a licensed veterinarian in Massachusetts. Since 1991, she has been a Diplomate of the
American College of Veterinary Nutrition certified in comparative veterinary nutrition. She received a B.S. from
Purdue University, an M.S. from University of Maine, and a Ph.D. from Colorado State University, all in animal
science, and her D.V.M. from Tufts University. She is a past president of the American Academy of Veterinary
Nutrition and Vice President of the American College of Veterinary Nutrition.
Bernard A. Schwetz,D.V.M., is the Acting Director for the Office for Human Research Protections at the
Department of Health and Human Services. Schwetz earned his D.V.M. from the University of Minnesota and Ph.D.
in pharmacology from the University of Iowa. He is nominated as a member of the committee because of his
expertise in developmental and reproductive toxicology. Dr. Schwetz is a diplomate of the American Board of
Toxicology. Previously, he was Acting Deputy Commissioner, Acting Principal Deputy Commissioner, and Senior
Advisor for Science at FDA. He was also Director, National Center for Toxicological Research. He was also
associate director of the National Toxicology Program at NIEHS. Dr. Schwetz is a member of the Society of
Toxicology (SOT) and is past president of the Reproductive Toxicology Specialty Section of the national
organization and of the North Carolina and South Carolina Regional Chapters of the SOT. He was editor of
Fundamental and Applied Toxicology from 1986-1992, and serves on the Editorial Advisory Board of
Environmental Health Perspectives and Critical Reviews in Toxicology. Dr. Schwetz was elected to the Institute of
Medicine in 1998.
Thomas M. Yuill, Ph.D., is Emeritus Director of Gaylord Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies at the
University of Wisconsin. He received his B.S. (1959) in wildlife management from Utah State University, and M.S.
(1962) and Ph.D. (1964) in wildlife ecology and veterinary science (virology) from the University of Wisconsin.
Yuill is also a professor emeritus in the Department of Animal Health and Biomedical Sciences and Department of
Wildlife Ecology at the University of Wisconsin. He has expertise in virus ecology, arthropod-borne virology,
animal ecology, and the environmental effects on epizootiology of animal diseases (emphasis on wildlife). Yuill is
past president of the Organization for Tropical Studies and of the Wildlife Disease Association, and past Director for
the Center for Livestock in International Development. He is a consultant to the National Institutes of Health (and
past chair, U.S.- Japan Panel on Viral Diseases), Environmental Protection Agency, and U.S. Agency for
International Development, and has served on the Board of Directors of the Tropical Agricultural Center for
Research and Instruction (CATIE), headquartered in Costa Rica. He previously served on the National Research
Council Panel on Microlivestock.
Stephen L. Zawistowski, Ph.D., is Senior Vice President and Science Advisor of The American Society for the
Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. He has worked extensively in animal behavior and welfare. He joined The
ASPCA in 1988 as vice president of education, after an academic career that included the University of Illinois,
Indiana University, and St. John's University in New York. Zawistowski received his Ph.D. in 1983 and A.M. in
1979 from the University of Illinois in psychology and genetics. Zawistowski is on the Board of Directors for the
National Council on Pet Population Study and Policy and is the Chairman of the Animal Behavior Society's Board
of Professional Certification. He is a Certified Applied Animal Behaviorist, a Certified Technical Animal Rescue
Specialist, and founding co-editor of the Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science.
Representative terms from entire chapter:
veterinary medicine
