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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1979. Test Equipment for Use in Determining Classifications of Combustible Dusts. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10951.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1979. Test Equipment for Use in Determining Classifications of Combustible Dusts. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10951.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1979. Test Equipment for Use in Determining Classifications of Combustible Dusts. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10951.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1979. Test Equipment for Use in Determining Classifications of Combustible Dusts. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10951.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1979. Test Equipment for Use in Determining Classifications of Combustible Dusts. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10951.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1979. Test Equipment for Use in Determining Classifications of Combustible Dusts. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10951.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1979. Test Equipment for Use in Determining Classifications of Combustible Dusts. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10951.
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Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1979. Test Equipment for Use in Determining Classifications of Combustible Dusts. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10951.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1979. Test Equipment for Use in Determining Classifications of Combustible Dusts. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10951.
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NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL COMMISSION ON SOCIOTECHNICAL SYSTEMS NATIONAL MATERIALS ADVISORY BOARD Chairman Mr. Julius J. Harwood Director, Materials Science Laboratory Engineering and Research Staff Ford Motor Company P.O. Box 2053 Dearborn, MI 48121 Past Chairman Dr. Seymour L. Blum Vice President Northern Energy Corporation 70 Memorial Drive Cambridge, MA 02142 Members Dr. George S. Ansell Dean, School of Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy, NY 12181 Dr. Van L. Canady Senior Planning Associate Mobil Chemical Company 150 E. 42nd Street, Room 746 New York, NY 10017 Dr. Alan G. Chynoweth Executive Director, Electronic Device, Process and Materials Division Bell Laboratories Murray Hill, NJ 07974 Dr. George E. Dieter, Jr. Dean, College of Engineering University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742 Mr. Selwyn Enzer Associate Director Center for Futures Research University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA 90007 Dr. Joseph N. Epel Director, Plastics Research and Development Center Budd Corporation 356 Executive Drive Troy, MI 48084 Dr. Larry L. Hench Professor and Head Ceramics Division Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engini -ing University of Flori- Gainesville, FL 32601 Dr. Robert E. Hughes Professor of Chemistry Executive Director. Materials Science Center Department of Chemistry Cornell University Ithaca, NY 14850 Dr. John R. Hutchins III Vice President and Director of Research and Development Technical Staff Division Corning Glass Works Corning, NY 14830 Dr. James R. Johnson Executive Scientist and Director Advanced Research Program Laboratory 3M Company P.O. Box 33221 St. Paul, MN 55133 Mr. William D. Manly Senior Vice President Cabot Corporation 125 High Street Boston, MA 02110 Dr. James W. Mar Professor, Aeronautics and Astronautics Building 33-307 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA 02139 Dr. Frederick T. Moore Industrial Advisor Industrial Development & Finance Dept. World Bank 1818 H Street, N.W., Room D422 Washington, DC 20431 Dr. Nathan E. Promisel Consultant Dr. Allen S. Russell Vice President-Science & Technology Aluminum Company of America 1501 Alcoa Building Pittsburgh, PA 15219 Dr. Jason M. Salsbury Director, Chemical Research Division American Cyanamid Company Berdan Avenue Wayne, NJ 07470 Dr. John J. Schanz, Jr. Assistant Director, Center for Policy Research Resources for the Future 1755 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W. Washington, DC 20036 Dr. Arnold J. Silverman Professor, Department of Geology University of Montana Missoula, MT 59801 Dr. William M. Spurgeon Director, Manufacturing and Quality Control Bendix Corporation 24799 Edgemont Road Southfield, MI 48075 Dr. Morris A. Steinberg Director, Technology Applications Lockheed Aircraft Corporation Burbank, CA91520 Dr. Roger A. Strehlow Professor, Aeronautical & Astronautical Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana 101 Transportation Building Urbana, IL 61801 Dr. John E. Tilton Professor, Department of Mineral Economics 221 Walker Building Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA 16802 NMAB Staff: W. R. Prindle, Executive Director R. V. Hemm, Executive Secretary 1/31/79

BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA SHEET 1. Report No. NMAB 353-2 3. Recipient's Accession No. 4. Title and Subtitle Test Equipment for Use in Determinincr Classifications of Combustible Dusts 5- Report Date l979 6. 7. Author(s) Committee on Evaluation of Industrial Hazards 8. Performing Organization Rept. No. '. Performing Organization Name and Address National Materials Advisory Board National Academy of Sciences 2l0l Constitution Avenue, N. W. Washington, D. C. 204l8 10. Project/Task/Work Unit No. 11. Contract/Grant No. J-9-F-5-0070 12. Sponsoring Organization Name and Address Occupational Safety and Health Administration Department of Labor 200 Constitution Avenue, N. W. Washington, D. C. 202l0 13. Type of Report & Period Covered 2 of 3 14. 15. Supplementary Notes 16. Abstracts This report recommends methods for determining the layer ignition temperature and the electrical resistivity of dusts. The proce- dures for these recommended tests are described in this document. 17. Key Words and Document Analysis. 17o. Descriptors Dusts National Electrical Code Layer Ignition Temperature Electrical Resistivity 17b. Identifiers/Open-Ended Terms 17c. COSATI Fie Id/Group 18. Availability Statement This report has been approved for public release and sale; its distribution is unlimited. 19. Security Class (This Report) UNCLASSIFIED 20. Security Class (This Page UNCLASSIFIED 21. No. of Pages 40 22. Price FORM NTIS-35 (REV. 3-72) THIS FORM MAY BE REPRODUCED USCOMM-DC I4952-P72

TEST EQUIPMENT FOR USE IN DETERMINING CLASSIFICATIONS OF COMBUSTIBLE DUSTS Report of the Panel on Dust Test Equipment of the Committee on Evaluation of Industrial Hazards NATIONAL MATERIALS ADVISORY BOARD Commission on Sociotechnical Systems National Research Council Publication NMAB 353-2 National Academy of Sciences Washington, DC l979 NAS-NAE l ? 1979 LIBRARY

NOTICE The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the Councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competence and with regard for appropriate balance. This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. This study by the National Materials Advisory Board was initiated under Contract No. J-9-F-5-0070 with the Occupational Safety and Health Administration and continued under Contract No. 2l0-78-0l20 with the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health. This report is for sale by the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22l5l. Printed in the United States of America.

Preface The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requested that the National Research Council's Committee on Evaluation of Industrial Hazards classify several hundred gases, vapors, and dusts in accordance with the classification groups in Article 500 of the National Electrical Code. Work previously conducted for the U.S. Coast Guard by the National Research Council's Committee on Hazardous Materials, Electrical Hazards Panel, had already established a method of classification of flammable gases and vapors, but no such method had been established for the many combustible dusts. Accordingly, the Committee on Evaluation of Industrial Hazards established the Panel on Dust Test Equipment to recommend proper test methods. These recommended test methods are described in this document, which is the second of a series of reports on the committee's activities. The first report of the series, Matrix of Combustion-Relevant Properties and Classifications of Gases, Vapors, and Selected Solids (NMAB 353-l), lists, in accordance with Article 500 of the National Electrical Code, the classifications of certain chemicals of interest to OSHA. The report contains physical and flammability data for the chemicals reviewed along with a grouping by chemical families to make it easier to classify new materials not in the present matrix. Homer W. Carhart, Chairman Committee on Evaluation of Industrial Hazards Peter J. Schram, Chairman Panel on Dust Test Equipment 111

COMMITTEE ON EVALUATION OF INDUSTRIAL HAZARDS HOMER W. CARHART, Naval Research Laboratory Washington, DC, Chairman FREDERICK R. EIRICH, Polytechnic Institute of New York LELAND J. HALL, The Mill Mutuals, Chicago, IL ERNEST C. MAGISON, Honeywell, Inc., Fort Washington, PA J. ARTHUR NICHOLLS, University of Michigan PETER J. SCHRAM, Underwriters Laboratories Inc., North- brook, IL ROGER A. STREHLOW, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Liaison Representatives: THOMAS H. SEYMOUR, Occupational Safety and Health Administra- tion, Department of Labor, Washington, DC CHIA CHEN, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Department of Labor, Washington, DC JOSEPH E. PIPKIN, Occupational Safety and Health Administra- tion, Department of Labor, Washington, DC GLEN E. GARDNER, Occupational Safety and Health Administra- tion, Department of Labor, Washington, DC D.Y. CORNOG, U.S. Postal Service, Rockville, MD DAVID R. FORSHEY, Division of Mining Research, Health and Safety, Department of the Interior, Washington, DC JOHN A. GERARD, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV EARL P. SHOUB, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV ANDREW M. COWAN, Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD ERSKINE HARTON, Department of Transportation, Washington, DC ELTON LITCHFIELD (deceased), Bureau of Mines, Department of the Interior, Pittsburgh, PA JOSEPH CLARK, U.S. Fire Administration, Department of Commerce, Washington, DC JOHN B. FERGUSON, U.S. Fire Administration, Department of Commerce, Washington, DC IV

Technical Advisors: MURRAY JACOBSON, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Department of Labor, Arlington, VA RICHARD F. SCHWAB, Allied Chemical Corporation, Morristown, NJ JOHN NAGY (retired), Mine Safety and Health Administration, Department of Labor, Pittsburgh, PA Staff Member; ^•^^™ - • • STANLEY M. BARKIN, National Materials Advisory Board, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC

PANEL ON DUST TEST EQUIPMENT PETER J. SCHRAM, Underwriters Laboratories, Inc., Northbrook, IL, Chairman LELAND J. HALL, The Mill Mutuals, Chicago, IL MURRAY JACOBSON, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Department of Labor, Arlington, VA ELTON LITCHFIELD (deceased), Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the Interior, Pittsburgh, PA ERNEST C. MAGISON, Honeywell, Inc., Fort Washington, PA ROGER A. STREHLOW, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign VI

CONTENTS Page Preface iii Chapter l SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS A. Background l B. Objectives 3 C. Recommendations 3 Chapter 2 LAYER IGNITION TEMPERATURE A. Background 5 B. Recommended Test Method For Igni- tion Temperature of Dust Layers l. Scope 6 2. Definitions 6 3. Preparation of Dust Sample . 7 4. Apparatus 7 5. Procedure ll 6. Validity of Test Results . . l6 7. Reporting of Results .... l6 8. Application of Results ... l7 C. Recommendation for Installation Codes l9 Chapter 3 ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY A. Background l9 B. Recommended Method of Measurement of Dust Resistivity l. Scope l9 2. Sample Chamber l9 3. Preparation of Dust Sample . 20 4. Procedure 2l vii

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