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GUIDELINES FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF GRAIN DUST EXPLOSIONS
Report of the Explosion Investigation Subpanel
of the Panel on Causes and Prevention
of Grain Elevator Explosions
of the
Committee on Evaluation of Industrial Hazards
NATIONAL MATERIALS ADVISORY BOARD
Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems
National Research Council
Publication NMAB 367-4
NAT IONAL ACADEMY PRES S
Washington, D. C.
1983
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NOTICE: The Panel on Causes and Prevention of Grain Elevator Explosions of
the Committee on Evaluation of Industrial Hazards has made a study of the
causes and prevention of grain elevator explosions and has published three
reports: NMAB 367-1, The Investigation of Grain Elevator Explosions; NMAB
367-2, Prevention of Grain Elevator and Mill Explosions; and NMAB 367-3,
Pneumatic Dust Control in Grain Elevators.
The panel obtained some of its information for the reports from the work of
an Explosion Investigation Subpanel. Members of the subpanel were selected
by the panel on the basis of recognized competence in the specific areas.
pertinent to that task. -
The subpanel report comprises information that was submitted as. background
to the panel deliberations and, as such, has not been reviewed in accordance
with usual NRC review procedures. The views presented in this document are
those of the subpanel members only. .
The project was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research
Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy
of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of:
Medicine. The members of the panel responsible for the report were chosen
for their special competences and.with regard for appropriate balance.
. . .
The National Research Council was established by the National Academy of
Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology
with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and of advising the .
federal government. The Council operates in accordance with general
policies determined by the Academy under the authority of its congressional
charter of 1863, which established the Academy as a private, nonprofit,
self-governing membership corporation. The Council has become the principal
operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National
Academy of Engineering in the conduct of their services to the government,
the public, and the scientific and engineering.communities. It Is
administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Med * -~.~.
National Academy of.Engineering and the Institute of Medicine were
established in 1964 and 1970, respectively, under the charter of the
National Academy of Sciences.
The project by the National Materials Advisory Board was conducted under
Contract No e J-9-F-8-0137 with the Occupational Saf ety and Health
Administration (OSHA). Funding was provided by OSHA, National Institute for
Occupational Safety and Health, and the Department of Agriculture.
This report is for sale by the National Technical Information Service,
Springfield, Virginia 22151.
Printed in the United States of America.
ii
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ABSTRACT
A methodology for investigating grain elevator explosions is
presented. The information that forms the basis for the methodology was
gathered by a subpanel of the Panel on Causes and Prevention of Grain
Elevator Explosions who investigated a number of grain elevator explosions
generally Soon after they occurred. The panel used the information as an
input to forming its conclusions and recommendations published in a series
of reports.
In addition, Several explosion incidents are described in detail to
illustrate typical grain elevator explosion Scenarios.
1
iii
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PREFACE
The Panel on Causes and Prevention of Grain Elevator Explosions was
constituted as a unit of the parent Committee on Evaluation of Industrial
Hazards. The panel's mission was to study dust explosions in the
grain-handling industry and issue reports on the causes of explosions ant
recommendations for the prevention of further incidents. The work was
sponsored by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, the National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, and the Department of
Agriculture.
The panel published three reports: NMAB 367-1, The Investigation of
Grain Elevator Explosions; NNAB 367-2, Prevention of Grain Elevator and Mill
Explosions; and NMAB 367-3, Pneumatic Dust Control in Grain Elevators.
The information which formed the basis for the panel's conclusions and
recommendations consisted of published material, prepared discussions of
invited speakers at panel meetings, and the personal expertise of the panel
members. In addition, the panel formed an explosion investigation subpanel
to conduct on-site investigations of explosions generally soon after they
occurred. Information and experience gained from investigating a number of
explosion incidents were also used to make some of the judgments presented
in the three reports of the panel.
This document is a description of the methodology for investigating
grain dust explosions used by the investigation subpanel. In addition,
several explosion incidents are described in detail to acquaint the reader
with representative sequences of events and the information that can be
derived from them. All information was considered by the panel-in reaching
the conclusions and recommendations stated in NMAB publications 367-2 and
367-3.
The subpanel report comprises information that was submitted as
background to the panel deliberations and, as such, has not been reviewed in
accordance with usual NRC review procedures. The views presented in this
document are those of the subpane1 members only.
l
1
1
v
e
.
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Chairman
EXPLOSION INVESTIGATION SUBPANEL OF THE
PANEL ON CAUSES AND PREVENTION OF GRAIN ELEVATOR EXPLOSIONS*
CHARLES W. KAUFFMAN, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
Members
WILLIAM C. BRASIE, Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan
VERNON L. GROSE, Tustin Institute of Technology, Santa Barbara, Calif ornia
ROBERT F . HUBBARD , Cargill , Inc ., Minneapolis , Minnesota
ROGER A. STREHLOW, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
Ann Representatives
MARTIN A. ESHLEMAN, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C
.
THOMAS H. SEYMOUR, Occupational Safety and Health Administration,
Washington, D.C.
*All subpanel members did not visit every accident site.
vii
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Chairman
PANEL ON
CAUSES AND PREVENTION OF GRAIN ELEVATOR EXPLOSIONS
ROGER A. STREHLOW, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
1
Members
JOHN E. ALBERTSON, American Federation of Government Employees,
Washington, D . C.
WILLIAM C. BRASIE, Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan
ROBERT M. FRYE, MAC Pneumatic Systems, Inc., Kansas City, Missouri
VERNON L. GRQSE, Tustin Institute of Technology, Santa Barbara, California
ROBERT F. HUBBARD, Cargill, Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota
CHARLES W. KAUFFMAN, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
ERNEST C. MAGISON, Honeywell Inc., Fort Washington, Pennsylvania
ALLEN I. ORMSBEE*, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
ALBERT S. TOWNSEND, National Agra Underwriters, Inc., Camp Hill,
Pennsylvania -
Liaison Representatives
EDWARD J. BALLITCH, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C.
PETER BOCHNAK, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Morgantown, West Virginia
MART TN A. ESHLEMAN, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.
*Appointed during the course of the study
sex
.
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DON GOODWIN, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina
DONALD D. HERRING, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.
JOHN F. McANULTY, U.S. Coast Guard, Washington, D.C.
THEODORE A. PETTIT, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health,
Morgantown, West Virginia
.
JOSEPH E. PIPKIN, Occupational Safety and Health Administration,
Washington, D.C.
YESHAJAHU POMERANZ, Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, Kansas
THOMAS H. SEYMOUR, Occupational Safety and Health Administration,
Washington, D.C.
BERNARD T. WOLFSON, U.S. Alr Force, Washington, D.C.
NMAB Staff
STANLEY M. BARKIN, Staff Scientist
NELSON T. GRISAMORE, Staff Scientist
1
.
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1
Chairman
r
COM~ITEE ON EVALUATION OF INDUSTRIAL HAZARDS
HOMER W. CARHART, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C.
Members
FREDERICK R. EIRICH, Polytechnic Institute of New York, New York
LELAND J. HALL, The Mill Mutuals, Chicago, Illinois
ERNEST C. MAGISON, Honeywell Inc., Fort Washington, Pennsylvania
J. ARTHUR NICHOLLS, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
PETER J. SCERAM, Underwriters Laboratories, Inc., Northbrook, Illinois
ROGER A. STREHLOW, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
Liaison Representatives
PETER BOCHNAK, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health,
Morgantown, West Virginia
CHIA CHEN, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Washington, D.C.
ANDREW M. COWAN, Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland
JOHN A. GERARD, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health,
Morgantown, West Virginia
RICHARD W. McQUAID, David W. Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development
Center, Annapolis, Maryland
JOSEPH E. PIPKIN, Occupational Safety and Health Administration,
Washington, D.C.
THOMAS H. SEYMOUR, Occupational Safety and Health Administration,
Washington, D.C.
xi
1
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Technical Advisors
ERSKINE HARTON, Consultant, Falls Church, Virginia
MURRAY JACOBSON, Nine Safety and Health Administration,
Ar lington, Virginia
NMAB Staff
STANLEY M. BARXIN, Staff Scientist
1
1
xii
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-Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION
Chapter 2 INVESTIGATIVE METHODOLpGY
Nature of Explosions
Metbodology
CONTENTS
Cbap~er 3 SUMMARY OF ON-SITE INVESTIGATIONS
#
APPENDIX: INVESTIGATIONS
Incident No. 1
Incident No. 2
Incident No" ~
Incident No. 4
Incident No. 5
Incident NO. 6
I
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an
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