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The following HTML text is provided to enhance online readability. Many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to HTML. Please use the page image as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy. American Cancer Society, 80 American Law Institute, 325 n.8 American Medical Association (AMA), 45 n.7, 46 n.9, 223 American Pediatric Society, 254 Anticancer agents, 66, 71-72, 73, 80, 106 Anticonvulsants, 69 Antihistamines, 71 Arizona, 340, 342, 344, 347, 354 Arkansas, 340, 342, 344, 347, 354 Arthritis, 77 Assent. See also Consent process; Informed consent; Parental permission age appropriateness of process, 7, 8, 156, 171-172, 173, 179-180, 183-185, 192-193, 205-207 cognitive development and, 179-180, 205-206 comprehension of research participation and, 7, 28, 42, 131-132, 181-193, 205-206 defined, 51 n.13, 101, 146-147, 156, 327, 394 discretion in documenting, 207 ethical principles, 40-41, 50, 84, 148, 192 experience of illness and, 131-132, 189-190 historical evolution of policies, 50, 51 n.13 information to be provided, 206 legal requirements for, 3, 104, 151-153, 156-157, 182, 191, 204 motivations for, 164, 165, 167, 168, 170, 191 “mutual pretense” process and, 191 parental influence, 187, 190-191, 204-205 payment for participation and, 189, 211 for placebo-controlled trials, 140 procedures for seeking, 148, 149-151, 156, 172-173, 205-207 purpose of research and, 171 recommended improvements in, 20, 203-205 waiver of, 156 withdrawal from trials, 183, 187-188, 190, 197 Association for the Accreditation of Human Research Protection Programs, 244 Association of American Medical Colleges, 244 n.2 Association of American Universities, 244 n.2 Association of Medical School Pediatric Department Chairs, 221 Assurance of compliance, 95, 110, 235, 242, 394 Asthma research, 77, 80, 167, 168-169, 191 Astrocytoma, 80 Atopic dermatitis, 77 Australian studies, 170, 172, 174, 186 AZT, 108 B Bartholome, William, 43 Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 125 Beaumont, William, 45 n.7 Beecher, Henry, 35, 39, 50, 248 Behavioral studies, 384-385 Belmont Report, 40-41, 43, 52-53, 93, 110, 255 Benefits of research, 1, 25-26, 58. See also Risk-benefit assessment collateral or indirect, 132 direct, 42, 132-133, 136, 154, 158, 204, 218, 396 ethical principles relating to, 40-44, 45 n.7, 47 expectations of, 150, 151, 164, 165, 167, 169, 170, 398 to other children, 115-116, 126-127, 149 n.2 peripheral, 149 n.2 prospective long-term studies, 39 Benzyl alcohol, 67 Bernard, Claude, 45 n.7 Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act of 2002 , 2, 30, 68, 89, 106 n.3, 233, 400 Bilirubin, 69 Boston University, 48 Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale, 125 Breast cancer, 171 Brokowski, Carolyn, 182
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