faculty, and scholar awards for women. It is very important that professional societies undertake these kinds of programs to ensure that women have a place to go to get mentoring at both early and mid-career levels.

Participant: I was curious about evaluating the programs of the professional societies. Do you have measurable standards to determine how things have improved relative to having breakfasts and mentoring programs, or do you do a survey now and three years from now to really understand the impact of which programs are most effective?

Dr. Antman: Surveys are done. Women are certainly increasing both in their percentages within the society and in their leadership within the society, which is fairly equitable. I’m referring to the number of women on the board, the number of women presidents, and the number of women editors of the five journals that AACR sponsors. There’s been a major shift over perhaps a decade and a half. Whether that has to do with this particular program, I don’t know how one would tell. But this certainly is a society in which women are well represented at all levels.