ACHIEVING XXCELLENCE IN SCIENCE
Role of Professional Societies in Advancing Women in Science
Proceedings of a Workshop AXXS 2002
Sally Shaywitz, M.D. and Jong-on Hahm, Ph.D., Editors
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
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NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This project was supported by the Office of Research on Women’s Health, National Institutes of Health, Grant No. N01-OD-4-2139, Task Order #103, The Burroughs Wellcome Fund, and the National Academy of Sciences. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project.
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STEERING COMMITTEE FOR AXXS 2002 WORKSHOP
Sally Shaywitz, M.D., Chair, Professor of Pediatrics,
Yale Center for the Study of Learning and Attention and Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University
Nancy Andrews, M.D., Ph.D., Leland Fikes Professor of Pediatrics,
Harvard Medical School
Janet Bickel, M.A., Former Associate Vice President for Medical School Affairs,
Association of American Medical Colleges
Michael Lockshin, M.D., Professor of Medicine,
Weill College of Medicine of Cornell University
Herbert Pardes, M.D., President and CEO,
New York-Presbyterian Hospital
Deborah Powell, M.D., Dean and Assistant Vice President for Clinical Affairs,
University of Minnesota Medical School
W. Sue Shafer, Ph.D., Deputy Director,
Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Research
Jeanne Sinkford, D.D.S., Ph.D., Associate Executive Director,
American Dental Education Association
Project Staff
Jong-on Hahm, Ph.D., Director
Amaliya Jurta, Senior Project Assistant (through July 2002)
Elizabeth Briggs Huthnance, Program Associate
COMMITTEE ON WOMEN IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
POLICY AND GLOBAL AFFAIRS DIVISION
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL
Lilian Shiao-Yen Wu, Ph.D., Chair,
Thomas J. Watson Research Center, IBM Corporation
Uma Chowdhry, Ph.D., Director of Engineering Technology,
DuPont Engineering
Ralph J. Cicerone, Ph.D., Chancellor,
University of California, Irvine
Alice S. Huang, Ph.D., Senior Councilor,
External Relations and Biology Faculty Associate, California Institute of Technology
Kathryn O. Johnson, Ph.D., Owner/Principal,
Matrix Consulting Group
William Phillips, Ph.D., Fellow,
Atomic Physics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
Darryll J. Pines, Ph.D., Associate Professor,
Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Maryland
Sue V. Rosser, Ph.D., Dean,
Ivan Allen College, Georgia Institute of Technology
Sally Shaywitz, M.D., Professor of Pediatrics,
Yale Center for the Study of Learning and Attention and Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University
Julia Weertman, Ph.D., Walter P. Murphy Professor Emerita,
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University
CWSE Staff
Jong-on Hahm, Ph.D., Director
Amaliya Jurta, Senior Project Assistant (through July 2002)
Elizabeth Briggs Huthnance, Program Associate
Preface
If the world of biomedical research can be likened to a globe, perhaps clinical research can be envisioned as the side facing away from the sun. Although part of the whole, it is not the shining face of biomedical research. But basic and clinical research share equally the responsibility for achieving the goals of biomedical research—improved health and treatment of disease.
This workshop, held July 8–9, 2002, in Washington, D.C., looked at ways to advance women scientists careers in clinical research. Interest in such careers is falling among medical degree recipients, and particularly among women. This situation is worrisome because, according to the Association of American Medical Colleges, women will soon make up the majority of recipients of medical degrees and life science doctorates (according to NSF data), and declining interest from the growing pool of future investigators may constrict our understanding of human disease.
The Office of Research on Women’s Health (ORWH) at the National Institutes of Health asked the Committee on Women in Science and Engineering at the National Research Council (NRC) to hold a workshop to explore ways in which scientific societies could enhance the research careers of women scientists, in support of ORWH’s ongoing efforts to promote women’s advancement in biomedical careers. Scientific societies play a crucial role in career development, and identifying specific strategies that societies could deploy might be very helpful in encouraging women to enter and continue in clinical research careers. This volume consists of the presentations made at the workshop, including remarks by the leaders of the five breakout sessions. The statements made in the enclosed papers are those of the individual presenters and do not necessarily represent positions of the committee or the National Academies.
ORWH has consistently been a leader on this issue, and the committee would like to acknowledge Dr. Vivian Pinn, director of the Office of Research on Women’s Health, for her continued support of efforts to advance women in biomedical research careers, and Ms. Joyce Rudick in ORWH for translating the visions into reality. We also would like to acknowledge Dr. Jong-on Hahm, Amaliya Jurta, and Elizabeth Briggs Huthnance of the Committee on Women in Science and Engineering, for their energetic efforts and commitment in bringing this workshop and the resulting proceedings to fruition.
This volume has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the NRC’s Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for quality. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process.
We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this volume: Veronica Catanese, New York University Medical Center; Adrian Dobs, Johns Hopkins University; Elaine Gallin, Doris Duke Charitable Foundation; John Lumpkin, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation; Joan Lunney, United States Department of Agriculture; Christine Seidman, Harvard Medical School; and Harold Slavkin, University of Southern California.
Although the reviewers listed above have provided constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the content of the individual papers. Responsibility for the final content of the papers rests with the individual authors.
Sally Shaywitz, Chair
Steering Committee for AXXS 2002 Workshop
Contents
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Welcoming Remarks |
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Opening Keynote Address: How Far We Have Come, How Far We Still Have to Go: How Women Saved American Medicine |
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Keynote Address: Women in Science and Medicine |
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From AXXS ’99 to AXXS 2002 |
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A Pathways Model for Career Progression in Science |
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Advancing Women in Academic Medicine |
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Panel: Differences Between Basic and Clinical Disciplines |
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Women in Leadership |
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W. Sue Shafer, Ph.D., Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Research, |
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Michael Lockshin, M.D., Weill College of Medicine of Cornell University, |
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Jeanne Sinkford, D.D.S., Ph.D., American Dental Education Association, |
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