150 times, while there was a 100-fold increase in the number of crimes involving the creation, use, and distribution of malicious programs. Similar problems also exist in the United States, where American specialists have noted the sharply increased number of hacking attacks in recent years, with the damages caused by hackers to U.S. computer networks totaling about $380 million in 2001 alone.

Science plays an important role in development tools for countering urban and computer terrorism and must provide well-founded methods for use by our states and the international community in this regard.

In our view, problems requiring scientific evaluation include the following:

• ensuring the security of the global information infrastructure and its national components

• ensuring control over the spread of technologies used in deriving or processing materials and compounds that could be used to inflict mass casualties

• developing a new approach to resolving problems of the spread of dualuse technologies and preventing them from falling into the hands of terrorists

• creating a system for detecting evidence of preparations for terrorist acts involving the use of high technologies

Of course, this list does not fully cover all the problems associated with the study of terrorism as a social phenomenon. It will probably be augmented significantly as a result of discussions on this topic at the seminars held at this workshop.