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Appendix G
Definitions
Aggregate exposure. Exposure to a single chemical by multiple pathways
(e.g., air, food, drinking water) and routes of exposure (inhalation, oral,
and dermal).
Benchmark dose (BMD). Dose with a specified low level of excess health
risk, generally in the range of 1% to 10%, which can be estimated from
data with little or no extrapolation outside the experimental dose range.
It is derived by modeling the data in the observed experimental range,
selecting an incidence level within or near the observed range (e.g., the
effective dose producing a 10% increased incidence of response), and
determining the upper confidence limit on the model.
Chemical casualty estimating guidelines (CCEGs). Media-specific
chemical concentrations expected to cause health impairments suffi-
cient to reduce unit strength (i.e., pose a medical threat). The CCEGs
are used to evaluate course-of-action options that are expected to in-
volve chemical exposures.
Cumulative risk. Likelihood of occurrence of an adverse health effect
from exposure to multiple chemicals that have common modes of toxic-
ity from all routes and pathways.
Deployment. Unless specifically defined differently by the com-
mander/leader responsible for the mission at hand, a deployment is
defined as a troop movement resulting from a JCS/Unified Command
deployment order to a land-based location outside the Continental
United States that does not have a permanent U.S. Medical Treatment
Facility (i.e., funded by the Defense Health Program) that lasts 30 or
193
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194 APPENDIX G
more consecutive days (U.S. Department of the Army, HQDA Ltr 1-0-
1, 27 June 2001).
Force health protection. A unified and comprehensive strategy that ag-
gressively promotes a health and fit force and provides full protection
from all potential health hazards throughout the deployment process.
Its major ingredients include healthy and fit force promotion, casualty
and injury prevention, and casualty care and management (Department
of the Army, HQDA Ltr 1-0-1, 27 June 2001).
Health threat. Refers to an individual soldier’s health. It includes heredi-
tary conditions that manifest themselves in adulthood, individual expo-
sure to an industrial chemical or toxin where others are not exposed, or
other injuries and traumas that affect an individual’s health rather than
the health of the unit (FM 4-02.17, Department of the Army, 28 August
2000).
Long-term exposure. Exposure to a toxicant or health threat with a maxi-
mum duration of one year (Department of the Army, HQDA Ltr 1-0-1,
27 June 2001).
Long-term health effect. A health effect, usually adverse, that manifests
itself a significant period of time (months or years) after the causative
event (i.e., exposure to a toxicant). This term is also used to describe
a health effect that persists for a relatively long period of time (months
or years) (Department of the Army, HQDA Ltr 1-0-1, 27 June 2001).
Medical threat. A subset of health threats that have the potential to de-
grade a unit’s combat (or mission) effectiveness. Is defined as “a col-
lective term used to designate all potential or continuing enemy actions
and environmental situations that could adversely affect the combat
effectiveness of friendly forces, to include wounds, injuries, or sickness
incurred while engaged in a joint operation” (Joint Publication 4-02,
Doctrine for Health Service Support in Joint Operations. 26 April
1995).
Military exposure guideline. An estimated chemical concentration above
which certain types of adverse health effects might begin to occur in
individuals within the exposed population after a continuous, single
exposure of specified duration.
Occupational and environmental health. Human health issues impacted
by hazardous materials, agents, organisms, or conditions found in a
specific work environment or in the natural environment (Department
of the Army, HQDA Ltr 1-0-1, 27 June 2001).
Occupational and environmental health threats. Threats to health of
personnel and military readiness created by exposures to hazardous
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APPENDIX G 195
agents contained in or produced by weapons systems, as well as expo-
sures to environmental contamination or toxic industrial materials (De-
partment of the Army, HQDA Ltr 1-0-1, 27 June 2001).
Short-term exposure. Exposure to a toxicant or health threat with a maxi-
mum duration of two weeks (Department of the Army, HQDA Ltr 1-0-
1, 27 June 2001).
Short-term health effect. A health effect, usually adverse, that manifests
itself shortly after the causative event (i.e., an exposure to a toxicant).
This term is also used to describe an adverse health effect that persists
for a relatively short period of time before subsiding completely (De-
partment of the Army, HQDA Ltr 1-0-1, 27 June 2001).
Representative terms from entire chapter:
health effect