National Academies Press: OpenBook
« Previous: 11 Maximizing the Effective Use of Antimalarial Drugs
Suggested Citation:"Acronyms and Abbreviations." Institute of Medicine. 2004. Saving Lives, Buying Time: Economics of Malaria Drugs in an Age of Resistance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11017.
×

Acronyms and Abbreviations


ACAME

an association of francophone West African countries’ central medical stores

ACSI-CCCD

Africa Child Survival Initiative—Combating Childhood Communicable Diseases Project

ACT

artemisinin combination therapy

ACTMalaria

Asian Collaborative Training Network for Malaria

AL

artemether-lumefantrine

A+M

artesunate plus mefloquine

AMI

Amazon Malaria Initiative

APLs

adaptable program loans

AQ

amodiaquine

AS

artesunate

ATM

artemether

ATS

artemisinin

AUC

area under the curve


BOMA

Burden of Malaria in Africa

Bsph

Bacillus sphaericus

Bti

Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis


CHAZ

Churches Health Association of Zambia

CIF

cost, insurance, freight

CMH

Commission on Macroeconomics and Health

CMS

Central Medical Stores (Cambodia)

Suggested Citation:"Acronyms and Abbreviations." Institute of Medicine. 2004. Saving Lives, Buying Time: Economics of Malaria Drugs in an Age of Resistance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11017.
×

CNM

National Malaria Center (Cambodia)

CNS

central nervous system

COMESA

Common Market for Eastern & Southern Africa

CQ

chloroquine

CRHCS

East and Southern Africa Commonwealth Regional Health Community Secretariat

CRPF

chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum

CRPV

chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium vivax

CSA

chondroitin sulphate A


DALY

disability-adjusted life-year

DDT

dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane

DDU

duty delivery unpaid

DEET

N,N-diethyl-m toluamide (an insect repellant)

DFWP

duty-free wholesaler price

DHA

dihydroartemisinin

DHFR

dihydrofolate reductase-thymidilate synthase

DHPS

dihydropteroate synthase

DNA

deoxyribonucleic acid

DNDi

Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative

DOTS

directly-observed therapy, short course (refers to treatment for tuberculosis)

DSS

Demographic Surveillance Site (or System)


EANMAT

East African Network for Monitoring Antimalarial Treatments

ECG

electrocardiogram

EDB

Essential Drugs Bureau (Cambodia)

EIR

entomologic inoculation rate

EMVI

European Malaria Vaccine Initiative

EPI

Expanded Programme on Immunization


G6PD

glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

G8

Group of Eight [leading industrialized countries]

GAVI

Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization

GDF

TB Global Drug Facility

GDP

gross domestic product

GFATM

Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria

GMR

a private South African company that manages medical stores

GNI

gross national income

GSK

GlaxoSmithKline

Suggested Citation:"Acronyms and Abbreviations." Institute of Medicine. 2004. Saving Lives, Buying Time: Economics of Malaria Drugs in an Age of Resistance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11017.
×

HIPC

highly indebted poor countries

HIV

human immunodeficiency virus

HMS

hyperreactive malarial splenomegaly

HRP-2

histidine-rich protein 2


IDA

International Development Association

IFPMA

International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association

IMCI

Integrated Management of Childhood Illness

INN

International Nonproprietary Name

IOM

Institute of Medicine (of The National Academies)

IPT

intermittent preventive treatment

IPTc

intermittent preventive treatment in children

IPTi

intermittent preventive treatment in infants

IPTp

intermittent preventive treatment in pregnant women

IRS

indoor residual spraying

ITC

insecticide-treated curtain

ITN

insecticide-treated (bed) net


kdr

knock down resistance


LICUS

low income countries under stress


MARA

Mapping Malaria Risk in Africa

MDA

mass drug administration

MDGs

Millennium Development Goals

MDR

multidrug resistance

MEWS

malaria early warning system

MIC

minimum inhibitory concentration

MIM

Multilateral Initiative on Malaria

MMSS

Malaria Medicines and Supplies Service

MMV

Medicines for Malaria Venture

MoH

Ministry of Health

MPC

minimum parasiticidal concentration

MQ

mefloquine

MSH

Management Sciences for Health

MSL

Medical Stores Ltd.

MSP-1

merozoite surface protein-1

MTCT

maternal to child transmission

MVI

Malaria Vaccine Initiative


NGO

nongovernmental organization

NIH

National Institutes of Health (U.S.)

Suggested Citation:"Acronyms and Abbreviations." Institute of Medicine. 2004. Saving Lives, Buying Time: Economics of Malaria Drugs in an Age of Resistance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11017.
×

OTC

over-the-counter


PAHO

Pan American Health Organization

PATH

Program for Appropriate Technology in Health

PCR

polymerase chain reaction

PF

parasitologic failure

Pfcrt

Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter gene

Pfdhfr

dihydrofolate reductase gene

Pfdhps

dihydropteroate synthase gene

PfEMP-1

P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein-1

Pfmdr

Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance gene

Pgh1

P-glycoprotein homologue

pLDH

parasite enzyme lactate dehydrogenase

PNA

Pharmacie Nationale d’Approvisionnement

PQ

piperaquine

PRA

Pharmacie Regionale d’Approvisionnement

PRSCs

poverty reduction support credits

PRSP

poverty reduction strategy paper


QBC

quantitative buffy coat test


R&D

research and development

RACTAP

Réseau d’Afrique Centrale des Thérapeutiques Antipaludiques (Central African network)

RBC

red blood cell

RBM

Roll Back Malaria

RDT

rapid diagnostic test

RNA

ribonucleic acid

RTS,S

a recombinant protein vaccine which pairs hepatitis B surface antigen with DNA encoding a large portion of P. falciparum circumsporozoite protein


SACs

structural adjustment credits

SADCC

Southern African Development Coordination Conference

SALs

structural adjusted loans

SEACAT

South East African Combination Antimalarial Therapy [Evaluation]

SIT

sterile insect technology

SP

sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine

SWAp

sector-wide approach

Suggested Citation:"Acronyms and Abbreviations." Institute of Medicine. 2004. Saving Lives, Buying Time: Economics of Malaria Drugs in an Age of Resistance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11017.
×

T 1/2

half-life

TB

tuberculosis

TDR

the UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases

TEHIP

Tanzania Essential Health Interventions Project

TNF-alpha

tumor necrosis factor alpha

TTF

therapeutic treatment failure


UNICEF

United Nations Children’s Fund

UNDP

United Nations Development Programme

USAID

U. S. Agency for International Development

USAMRMC

United States Army Medical Research and Materiel Command


VA

verbal autopsy

VAT

value added tax

VLSS

Vietnam Living Standards Surveys


WANMAT

West African Networks for Monitoring Antimalarial Treatments

WHO

World Health Organization

WHOPES

WHO Pesticide Evaluation Scheme

WRAIR

Walter Reed Army Institute of Research


ZK

Zambia Kwacha (currency)

Suggested Citation:"Acronyms and Abbreviations." Institute of Medicine. 2004. Saving Lives, Buying Time: Economics of Malaria Drugs in an Age of Resistance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11017.
×
Page 329
Suggested Citation:"Acronyms and Abbreviations." Institute of Medicine. 2004. Saving Lives, Buying Time: Economics of Malaria Drugs in an Age of Resistance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11017.
×
Page 330
Suggested Citation:"Acronyms and Abbreviations." Institute of Medicine. 2004. Saving Lives, Buying Time: Economics of Malaria Drugs in an Age of Resistance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11017.
×
Page 331
Suggested Citation:"Acronyms and Abbreviations." Institute of Medicine. 2004. Saving Lives, Buying Time: Economics of Malaria Drugs in an Age of Resistance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11017.
×
Page 332
Suggested Citation:"Acronyms and Abbreviations." Institute of Medicine. 2004. Saving Lives, Buying Time: Economics of Malaria Drugs in an Age of Resistance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11017.
×
Page 333
Next: Glossary »
Saving Lives, Buying Time: Economics of Malaria Drugs in an Age of Resistance Get This Book
×
Buy Hardback | $68.00 Buy Ebook | $54.99
MyNAP members save 10% online.
Login or Register to save!
Download Free PDF

For more than 50 years, low-cost antimalarial drugs silently saved millions of lives and cured billions of debilitating infections. Today, however, these drugs no longer work against the deadliest form of malaria that exists throughout the world. Malaria deaths in sub-Saharan Africa—currently just over one million per year—are rising because of increased resistance to the old, inexpensive drugs. Although effective new drugs called “artemisinins” are available, they are unaffordable for the majority of the affected population, even at a cost of one dollar per course.

Saving Lives, Buying Time: Economics of Malaria Drugs in an Age of Resistance examines the history of malaria treatments, provides an overview of the current drug crisis, and offers recommendations on maximizing access to and effectiveness of antimalarial drugs. The book finds that most people in endemic countries will not have access to currently effective combination treatments, which should include an artemisinin, without financing from the global community. Without funding for effective treatment, malaria mortality could double over the next 10 to 20 years and transmission will intensify.

  1. ×

    Welcome to OpenBook!

    You're looking at OpenBook, NAP.edu's online reading room since 1999. Based on feedback from you, our users, we've made some improvements that make it easier than ever to read thousands of publications on our website.

    Do you want to take a quick tour of the OpenBook's features?

    No Thanks Take a Tour »
  2. ×

    Show this book's table of contents, where you can jump to any chapter by name.

    « Back Next »
  3. ×

    ...or use these buttons to go back to the previous chapter or skip to the next one.

    « Back Next »
  4. ×

    Jump up to the previous page or down to the next one. Also, you can type in a page number and press Enter to go directly to that page in the book.

    « Back Next »
  5. ×

    Switch between the Original Pages, where you can read the report as it appeared in print, and Text Pages for the web version, where you can highlight and search the text.

    « Back Next »
  6. ×

    To search the entire text of this book, type in your search term here and press Enter.

    « Back Next »
  7. ×

    Share a link to this book page on your preferred social network or via email.

    « Back Next »
  8. ×

    View our suggested citation for this chapter.

    « Back Next »
  9. ×

    Ready to take your reading offline? Click here to buy this book in print or download it as a free PDF, if available.

    « Back Next »
Stay Connected!