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Saving Lives, Buying Time: Economics of Malaria Drugs in an Age of Resistance
LICUS. See Low Income Countries Under Stress Initiative
Light microscopy, 220–221
Lincoln, Abraham, 126
Linnaeus, Carl, 130
Liver schizont, 138
Living standards, 174 , 182–183
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 130
Low Income Countries Under Stress Initiative (LICUS), 103 , 105
Lugo, Juan de, 130
Lumefantrine, 62 , 253 , 255 , 258 , 294
Lusaka, Zambia, 40 , 41 , 44
M
Macdonald, G., 144
Macrolides, 309
Madagascar, 96 , 97 , 98 , 146 , 207
Magic spells, 30
Malaria
cerebral, 152–151
clinical, 252–253
control, 197–238
cost of illness, 192
current situation, 2–4 , 19–21 , 23–24 , 26–27
economic burden of, 177–194
epidemic, 142–143 , 230–231
health burden of, 168–177
historical estimates of costs, 179
history of discoveries, 125–127
immunity, 144–147
in specific areas, 24–26 , 25
integrated control of, 11
medicines and supplies service, 120–121
mortality rates, 2 , 19 , 169 , 170 , 172–175 , 174 , 176 , 198 , 203–205
pathogenicity, 144
recrudescence, 140
recurrent, 140
severe, 256–257
symptoms, 27
transmission, 212–213
treatment. See Treatment
uncomplicated, 254
urban, 230
Malaria early warning systems (MEWS), 232–233
Malaria Medicines and Supplies Service, 120–121
Malaria Vaccine Initiative (MVI), 47
Malarine, 38 , 41 , 43
Malarone, 65 , 253 , 294 , 306
Malawi
antimalarial drug resistance, 270 , 271
chloroquine resistance, 132
drug policy, 235
HIV, malaria, and pregnancy, 157
hospital-based evidence, 176–177
household expenditures on prevention and treatment, 184
indirect costs, 185
IPT, 218
migration, 232
per capita health expenditures, 98
productivity costs of morbidity, 188–189
total direct and indirect costs (of malaria), 186
Malaya, 132
Mali, 43 , 271 , 280 , 318
Malignant tertian malaria. See Plasmodium falciparum
Maloprim, 217
Management Sciences for Health (MSH), 34 , 119
Manson, Patrick, 129
Mao Tse Tung, 133
Mapping Malaria Risk in Africa (MARA), 47 , 169
Mass drug administration (MDA), 208 , 212–213 , 216 , 233
Mauritius, 179
Mawanhgolui Han dynasty, 133
Mbarara, Uganda, 321
McClellan, George, 126
McGregor, I.A., 216
MDA. See Mass drug administration
MDGs. See Millennium Development Goals
MDR. See Multidrug resistant
Meckel, Johann Friedrich, 128
Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), 62 , 64 , 75
Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV)
antimalarial drugs R&D, 10 , 15 , 81
major initiatives, 47
partnerships, 48 , 74 , 76 , 302
R&D, 301 , 303–305 , 304 , 307–309
synthetic artemisinin, 64
Mefloquine
analogs, 310