addressed? Lessons learned from the development of other technologies (for instance, nuclear power generation, the superconducting supercollider, synthetic fuels) might be useful if you can share them.

Break

Focus Topic 4: “International Cooperation/Competition–Why, How, When?”

Moderator: Eric Rice

Panel Discussion

Joanne Gabrynowicz, National Remote Sensing and Space Law Center

Focusing Questions:

• What are the real goals and interests of the nations of the world with respect to their involvement in space tourism, space exploration, space bases, space commercialization, space settlements, and planetary terraforming?

• What are the specific short- and long-term goals and objectives of the United States, the European Space Agency (ESA), China, Japan, and Russia in terms of their national and international space activities?

• Should future manned lunar surface and Mars surface activity be national (U.S.) or international? What are the economic, social, political, or other benefits to be gained by nations doing it alone vs. doing it together with all or several partners?

• Discuss implications of the ASTRA paradigm in terms of international cooperation and competition. When government agreements on ISS are complete, what should happen in the future? How will China’s new space capability enter into U.S. decisions?

• What are the commercial and political issues related to mining and use of in situ resources on planetary surfaces by one nation, several nations, or the whole space community? What should be done from the international perspective?

Wrap-Up Discussion/Where We Go Now

noon Adjourn