risk factors, 28, 62, 63, 68, 118

socioeconomic status, 56-57

targeted interventions, 118

Asians/Pacific Islanders, 2

behavioral risk factors, 3, 62, 63, 65

causes of death, 18, 19-20

diabetes, 19-20

disease prevalence, 23-24

early life disadvantage, 105

educational status, 57

health and disability, general, 20-21, 23-24, 26

health insurance, 92, 93

health promotion, 113

mortality, 13, 16-20 (passim), 27, 65, 105

quality of health care, 96, 99

racial/ethnic identification, 9, 10, 11, 13

religious beliefs, 74

socioeconomic status, 56, 57

stress, 83, 84

Attitudes and beliefs

see also Prejudice and discrimination;

Stress

personal resources, 73

provider stereotyping, 3, 99-101, 102, 103

providers, distrust of, 102

self-esteem, 78, 106

self-rated health status, 21, 34

self-reported risk behaviors, 61, 63, 65

B

Behavioral risk factors, 8, 32-33, 34, 61-69, 111-121

see also Alcohol use and abuse;

Diet andnutrition;

Individual behavior;

Life cycle factors;

Obesity;

Physical exercise;

Psychosocial factors;

Smoking;

Stress;

Violence

Alaska Natives, 62, 63, 68

American Indians, 62, 63, 68, 118

Asians, 3, 62, 63, 65

blacks, 3, 62, 63, 65, 66, 68, 74, 116

educational status and income, 61

health promotion, 4, 5, 111-121

Hispanics, 3, 61, 63, 65

religious influences, 9, 33, 35, 39, 50, 71-75 (passim)

research recommendations, 4, 5, 67-69

self-reported, 61, 63, 65

sexual, 66-67

sociocultural factors, 62, 64, 66, 68, 69, 115-121

socioeconomic status and, 35, 58, 62-64, 65, 66, 68

substance abuse, 66

whites, 62, 63, 65-66, 68, 116

Beliefs, see Attitudes and beliefs

Biopsychosocial factors, see Psychosocial factors

Black persons, 1, 2, 29

Alzheimer’s disease, 20, 23

behavioral risk factors, 3, 62, 63, 65, 66, 68, 74, 116

cancer, 22, 98, 101

cardiovascular disease, 18, 19, 20, 21-22, 52, 64, 87-88, 96, 98

causes of death, 2, 18-20 (passim)

cerebrovascular disease, 22, 96

diabetes, 22, 96, 101, 118

disease prevalence, specific conditions, 22-23

early life disadvantage, 105, 106

educational status, 57

health and disability, general, 20-21, 22-23, 29

health insurance, 92-94, 95

health promotion, 113, 116, 119

historical perspectives, 12, 29

hospitalization, 96, 97-98, 99

income, 29

prejudice and discrimination, 77, 80, 81, 87-88, 99, 100

quality of health care, 95-102 (passim)

racial/ethnic identification, 9, 10, 11

religious beliefs, 74

research recommendations, 25, 27, 68, 102, 120

risk factors, general, 28

self-care, 101

slavery, 12

smoking, 3, 63, 65, 116

socioeconomic status, 56, 57, 83-84, 92-94, 95, 101-102, 119, 120

stress, 83-84, 85, 87

C

Cancer

behavioral risk factors, 61

blacks, 22, 98, 101

Front Matter (R1-R14)

Executive Summary (1-6)

1 The Nature of Racial and Ethnic Differences (7-31)

2 Perspectives on Racial and Ethnic Differences (32-45)

3 Genetic Influences (46-53)

4 Socioeconomic Factors (54-60)

5 Behavior Risk Factors (61-69)

6 Social and Personal Resources (70-75)

7 Prejudice and Discrimination (76-81)

8 Stress (82-85)

9 Biopsychosocial Interactions (86-91)

10 Health Care (92-103)

11 The Life Course (104-110)

12 Interventions (111-121)

References (122-152)

Appendix: Contents, Critical Perspectives on Racial and Ethnic Differences in Health in Late Life (153-155)

Biographical Sketches (156-160)

Index (161-170)