National Academies Press: OpenBook
« Previous: 5 VectorPathogen Interaction
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2004. California Agricultural Research Priorities: Pierce's Disease. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11060.
×
Page 114
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2004. California Agricultural Research Priorities: Pierce's Disease. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11060.
×
Page 115
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2004. California Agricultural Research Priorities: Pierce's Disease. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11060.
×
Page 116
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2004. California Agricultural Research Priorities: Pierce's Disease. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11060.
×
Page 117
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2004. California Agricultural Research Priorities: Pierce's Disease. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11060.
×
Page 118
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2004. California Agricultural Research Priorities: Pierce's Disease. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11060.
×
Page 119
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2004. California Agricultural Research Priorities: Pierce's Disease. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11060.
×
Page 120
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2004. California Agricultural Research Priorities: Pierce's Disease. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11060.
×
Page 121
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2004. California Agricultural Research Priorities: Pierce's Disease. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11060.
×
Page 122
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2004. California Agricultural Research Priorities: Pierce's Disease. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11060.
×
Page 123
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2004. California Agricultural Research Priorities: Pierce's Disease. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11060.
×
Page 124
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2004. California Agricultural Research Priorities: Pierce's Disease. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11060.
×
Page 125
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2004. California Agricultural Research Priorities: Pierce's Disease. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11060.
×
Page 126
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2004. California Agricultural Research Priorities: Pierce's Disease. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11060.
×
Page 127
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2004. California Agricultural Research Priorities: Pierce's Disease. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11060.
×
Page 128
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2004. California Agricultural Research Priorities: Pierce's Disease. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11060.
×
Page 129
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2004. California Agricultural Research Priorities: Pierce's Disease. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11060.
×
Page 130
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2004. California Agricultural Research Priorities: Pierce's Disease. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11060.
×
Page 131
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2004. California Agricultural Research Priorities: Pierce's Disease. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11060.
×
Page 132
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2004. California Agricultural Research Priorities: Pierce's Disease. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11060.
×
Page 133
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2004. California Agricultural Research Priorities: Pierce's Disease. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11060.
×
Page 134
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2004. California Agricultural Research Priorities: Pierce's Disease. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11060.
×
Page 135
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2004. California Agricultural Research Priorities: Pierce's Disease. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11060.
×
Page 136
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2004. California Agricultural Research Priorities: Pierce's Disease. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11060.
×
Page 137
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2004. California Agricultural Research Priorities: Pierce's Disease. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11060.
×
Page 138
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2004. California Agricultural Research Priorities: Pierce's Disease. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11060.
×
Page 139
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2004. California Agricultural Research Priorities: Pierce's Disease. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11060.
×
Page 140
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2004. California Agricultural Research Priorities: Pierce's Disease. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11060.
×
Page 141
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2004. California Agricultural Research Priorities: Pierce's Disease. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11060.
×
Page 142
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2004. California Agricultural Research Priorities: Pierce's Disease. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11060.
×
Page 143
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2004. California Agricultural Research Priorities: Pierce's Disease. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11060.
×
Page 144
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2004. California Agricultural Research Priorities: Pierce's Disease. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11060.
×
Page 145
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2004. California Agricultural Research Priorities: Pierce's Disease. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11060.
×
Page 146
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2004. California Agricultural Research Priorities: Pierce's Disease. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11060.
×
Page 147
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2004. California Agricultural Research Priorities: Pierce's Disease. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11060.
×
Page 148
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2004. California Agricultural Research Priorities: Pierce's Disease. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11060.
×
Page 149
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2004. California Agricultural Research Priorities: Pierce's Disease. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11060.
×
Page 150
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2004. California Agricultural Research Priorities: Pierce's Disease. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11060.
×
Page 151
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2004. California Agricultural Research Priorities: Pierce's Disease. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11060.
×
Page 152

Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

References Adlerz, W. C., and D. L. Hopkins. 1979. Natural infectivity of two sharpshooter vectors of Pierce's disease in Florida. Journal of Economic Entomology 72:916-919. Akey, D. H., M. Blua, and T. J. Henneberry. 2002. Control of Immature and Adult Glassy-Winged Sharpshooters. Pp. 133-135 in Evaluation of Biorational and Conventional Insecticides. Pierce’s Disease Research Symposium. San Diego, CA: California Department of Food and Agriculture. Akey, D. H., T. J. Henneberry, and N. C. Toscano. 2001. Insecticides sought to control adult glassy-winged sharpshooter. California Agriculture 55(4):22-57. Alleweldt, G., and J. V. Possingham. 1988. Progress in grapevine breeding. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 75:669-673. Almeida, R. P. P., and A. H. Purcell. 2003. Transmission of Xylella fastidiosa to grapevines by Homalodisca coagulate (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 96:264-271. Al-Musa, A. 1982. Incidence, economic importance, and control of tomato yellow leaf curl in Jordan. Plant Disease 66:561-563. Alvarez, M. E., R. I. Pennell, P. J. Meijer, A. Ishikawa, R. A. Dixon, and C. Lamb. 1998. Reactive oxygen intermediates mediate a systemic signal network in the establishment of plant immunity. Cell 92:773-784. American Vineyard. 2001. Plant inspection program off to strong start in Sonoma County. GWSS Features from American Vineyard. Available online at www.malcolmmedia.com/gwsstext.htm#anchor1146534. [February 2004]. Andersen, P. C., B. V. Brodbeck, and R. F. Mizell. 1992. Feeding by the Leafhopper, Homalodisca coagulata, in relation to xylem fluid chemistry and tension. Journal of Insect Physiology 38:611-622. 114

REFERENCES 115 Andow, D. A. 1991. Vegetational diversity and arthropod population response. Annual Review of Entomology 36:561-586. Andow, D. A. 1992. Population-Density of Empoasca-fabae (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) in weedy beans. Journal of Economic Entomology 85:379-383. Andres, L. A. 1977. The economics of biological control of weeds. Aquatic Botany 3:111-123. Appel, H. M. 1993. Phenolics in ecological interactions: The importance of oxidation. Journal of Chemistry and Ecology 19:1521-1552. Auger, J. G., T.A. Shalla and C.I. Kado. 1974. Pierce's disease of grapevines: evidence for a bacterial etiology. Science 84 (4144): 1375-1377. Backus, E. A. 1985. Anatomical and sensory mechanisms of leafhopper and planthopper feeding behavior. Pp. 163-194 in: The Leafhoppers and Planthoppers, Nault, L. R. and Rodriguez, J. G. eds. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons. Baker, K. F., and R. J. Cook. 1974. Biological Control of Plant Pathogens. San Francisco, CA: W. H. Freeman. Baker, P. B. 1960. Aphid behavior on healthy and on yellows-virus-infected sugar beet. Annals of Applied Biology 48:384-388. Baldwin, I. T., M. J. Karb, and T. E. Ohnmeiss. 1994. Allocation of 15N from nitrate to nicotine: Production and turnover of a damage induced mobile defense. Ecology 75(6):1703-1713. Barber, C.E., J. L. Tang, J. X. Feng, M. Q. Pan, T. J. G. Wilson, H. Slater, J. M. Dow, P. Williams, and M. J. Daniels. 1997. A novel regulatory system required for pathogenicity of Xanthomonas campestris is mediated by a small diffusible signal molecule. Molecular Microbiology 24:555-566. Beanland, L., C. W. Hoy, S. A. Miller, and L. R. Nault. 1999. Leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) transmission of aster yellows phytoplasma: Does gender matter? Environmental Entomology 28:1101-1106. Beanland, L., C. W. Hoy, S. A. Miller, and L. R. Nault. 2000. Influence of aster yellows phytoplasma on the fitness of aster leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 93:271- 276. Beatty, B. J. 2000. Genetic manipulation of vectors: A potential novel approach for control of vector-borne diseases. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 97:10295-10297. Beckman, C. H. 1987. The nature of wilt diseases of plants. St. Paul, MN: APS Press. Bextine, B., C. Lauzon, S. Potter, D. Lampe and T. A. Miller. 2004. Delivery of a genetically marked Alcaligenes sp. to the glassy-winged sharpshooter for use in a paratransgenic control strategy. Current Microbiol. 48: 327- 331. Bennett, C. W. 1967. Epidemiology of Leafhopper-Transmitted Viruses. Annual Review of Phytopathology 5:87-&. Bhattacharya, A., S. Stilwagen, N. Ivanova, M. D’Souza, A. Bernal, A. Lykidis, V. Kapatral, I. Anderson, N. Larsen, T. Los, G. Reznik, E. Selkov, Jr.,

116 RESEARCH PRIORITIES: PIERCE’S DISEASE T. L. Walunas, H. Feil, W. S. Feil, A. Purcell, J. L. Lassez, T. L. Hawkins, R. Haselkorn, R. Overbeek, P. F. Predki, and N. C. Kyrpides. 2002. Whole-genome comparative analysis of three phytopathogenic Xylella fastidiosa strains. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 99(19):12403-12408. Birkett, M. A., C. A. M. Campbell, K. Chamberlain, E. Guerrieri, A. J. Hick, J. L. Martin, M. Matthes, J. A. Napier, J. Pettersson, J. A. Pickett, G. M. Poppy, E. M. Pow, B. J. Pye, L. E. Smart, G. H. Wadhams, L. J. Wadhams, and C. M. Woodcock. 2000. New roles for cis-jasmone as an insect semiochemical and in plant defense. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 97 16:9329-9334. Blua, M. J., and D. J. W. Morgan, D.J.W. 2003. Dispersion of Homalodisca coagulata (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), a Vector of Xylella fastidiosa, into Vineyards in Southern California. Journal of Economic Entomology 96: 1369-1374. Blua, M. J., and G. P. Walker. 2002. Impact of sub-lethal doses of neonicotinoids on glassy-winged sharpshooter feeding and transmission of Pierce’s disease. Pp. 131-132 in: Pierce’s Disease Research Symposium. Sacramento, CA: California Department of Food and Agriculture. Blua, M. J., P. A. Phillips, and R. A. Redak. 1999. A new sharpshooter threatens both crops and ornamentals. California Agriculture 53(2):22-25. Blua, M. J., T. M. Perring, and M. A. Madore. 1994. Plant virus-induced changes in aphid population development and temporal fluctuations in plant nutrients. Journal of Chemical Ecology 20:691-707. Blua, M. J., R. A. Redak, D. J. W. Morgan, and H. S. Costa. 2001. Seasonal flight activity of two Homalodisca species (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) that spread Xylella fastidiosa in southern California. Journal of Economic Entomology 94(6):1506-1510. Bostock, R. M. 1999. Signal conflicts and synergies in induced resistances to multiple attackers. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 55:99- 109. Boubals, D. 1959. Contribution l’ẻtude des causes de la rẻsistance des Vitacẻes au mildiou de la vigne Plasmopara viticola (B. & C.) Berl. & Det.ả et leur mode de transmission héréditaire. Annales de L'Amélioration des Plantes 9:5-233. Boubals, D. 1961. Etude des causes de la résistance des Vitacées a l’oidium de la vigne Uncinula necator (Schw. Burr.) et leur moed de transmission hẻrẻditaire Annales de L'Amélioration des Plantes 11:401-500. Bouquet, A. 1986. Introduction dans l’espéce Vitis vinifera d’un caractẻre de rẻsistance l’oidium (Uncinula necator Schw. Burr.) issu de l’espéce Muscadinia rotundifolia (Michx.) SMALL. VigneVini (Riv. Ital. Vitic. Enol.) Suppl. 12:141-146 Boyd, F. J., and H. N. Pitre. 1969. Greenhouse studies of host plant suitability to Graminella nigrifrons a vector of corn stunt virus. Journal of Economic Entomology 62:126-130.

REFERENCES 117 Brewer, G. J., E. L. Sorensen, E. Horber, and G. L. Kreitner. 1986. Alfalfa stem anatomy and potato leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) resistance. Journal of Economic Entomology 79:1249–1253. Brlansky, R. H., L. W. Timmer, W. J. French, and R. E. McCoy. 1983. Colonization of the sharpshooter vectors, Oncometopia nigricans and Homalodisca coagulata, by xylem-limited bacteria. Phytopathology 73:530-535. Brodbeck, B. V., P. C. Andersen, and R. F. Mizell. 1992. Feeding by the leafhopper Homaladisca coagulata in relation to xylem fluid chemistry and tension. Journal of Insect Physiology 38:611-612. Brodbeck, B. V., P. C. Anderson, and R. F. Mizell III. 1995. Differential utilization of nutrients during development by the xylophagous leafhopper, Homalodisca coagulata. Experimentalis et Applicata 75:279-289. Brodbeck, B. V., P. C. Anderson, and R. F. Mizell III. 1999. Effects of total dietary nitrogen for on the development of xylopagous leafhoppers. Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 42:37-50. Brodbeck, B. V., R. F. Mizell, and P. C. Anderson. 1993. Physiological and behavioral adaptations of three species of leafhoppers in response to the dilute nutrient content of xylem fluid. Journal of Insect Physiology 39:73-81. Brodbeck, B.V., R. F. Mizell III, P. C. Anderson, and J. H. Aldrich. 1990. Amino acids as determinants of host preference for the xylem feeding leafhopper, Homalodisca coagulata (Say) (Hemiptera: Cisadellidae) in Florida. Florida Entomology Submitted. Brown, C., L. Lynch, and D. Zilberman. 2002. The economics of controlling insect-transmitted plant diseases. Pp. 279-291 in: American Journal of Agricultural Economics 84(2) Burr, T., and L. Otten. 1999. Crown gall of grape: Biology and disease management. Annual Review of Phytopathology 37:53-80. Burr, T. J., C. Bazzi, S. Süle, and L. Otten. 1998. Crown gall of grape: Biology of Agrobacterium vitis and the development of disease control strategies. Plant Disease 82:1288-1297. Burr, T., C. Reid, E. Tagliati, C. Bazzi, and S. Süle. 1997. Biological control of grape crown gall by strain F2/5 is not associated with agrocin production or competition for attachment sites on grape cells. Phytopathology 87:706-711. California Agricultural Statistics Service. 2002. California grape acreage report, 2001 crop. Sacramento, CA. California Association of Winegrape Growers (CAWG). 2000. Industry consolidation in the air. The Crush 26(9):1-4. California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA). 2002a. Pierce’s Disease Control Program Report to the Legislature. Sacramento, CA. California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA). 2002b. Proceedings of the Pierce’s Disease Research Symposium. December 15-18. San Diego, CA: California Department of Food and Agriculture. Available

118 RESEARCH PRIORITIES: PIERCE’S DISEASE online at www.cdfa.ca.gov/phpps/pdcp/gw2002symp.htm. [April, 2004.] California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA). 2002c. The Vine Line 1(1). Available online at: www.cdfa.ca.gov/gwss/VineLine/October2002.PDF [March 2004]. California Department of Food and Agriculture (CFDA). 2004. Pierce's Disease Control Program Report to the Legislature. Sacramento: California Department of Food and Agriculture. Available on-line at http://www.cdfa.ca.gov/phpps/pdcp/lrReport/RptLeg03.pdf [July 2004]. Californians for Alternatives to Toxics (CATS). 2003. CATS et al. versus California Department of Food and Agriculture. Case no. CPF 03503249. 26 June. San Francisco County Superior Court. CALTOX v. CDFA. 2003. State to be sued for its use of insecticides. San Francisco Chronicle, June 26. Cameron, P. J., R. L. Hill, J. Bain, and W. P. Thomas. 1989. A Review of Biological Control of Invertebrate Pests and Weeds in New Zealand 1874 to 1987. Technical Communication No. 10 Wallingford, UK: CIBC. Campbell, R. 1989. Biological Control of Microbial Plant Pathogens. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Carlson, G. A. 1988. Economics of biological control of pests. American Journal Alternative Agriculture 3:110-116. Castle, S. J., and P. H. Berger. 1993. Rates of growth and increase of Myzus persicae on virus-infected potatoes according to type of virus-vector relationship. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 69:51-60. Castle, S. J., T. M. Mowry, and P. H. Berger. 1998. Differential settling by Myzus persicae (Homoptera: Aphididae) on various virus infected host plants. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 91:661-667. Catteruccia, F., H. C. J. Godfray, and A. Crisanti. 2003. Impact of genetic manipulation on the fitness of Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. Science 299:1225-1227. Cavanaugh, P. 1999. Devastation in Temecula, glassy-winged sharpshooter hammering wine grapes. GWSS Features from American Vineyard. Available online at www.malcolmmedia.com/gwsstext.htm#anchor89331 [February 2004]. Cavanaugh, P. 2000. Reducing spread of GWSS. Major ag counties step up prevention programs. GWSS Features from American Vineyard. Available online at : www.malcolmmedia.com/gwsstext.htm#anchor144160[February 2004] Chang, C. J., and L. Franklin. 2002. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of terpene on growth of Xylella fastidiosa strains. Phytopathology 92(6S):S13 (P-2002-0090-AMA). Chang, C. J. and J. T. Walker. 1988. Bacterial leaf scorch of northern red oak: Isolation, cultivation, and pathogenicity of a xylem-limited bacterium. Plant Disease 72: 730-733.

REFERENCES 119 Chang, C. J., M. Garnier, L. Zreik, V. Rossetti, and J. M. Bové. 1993. Culture and serological detection of the xylem-limited bacterium causing citrus variegated chlorosis and its identification as a strain of Xylella fastidiosa. Current Microbiology 27:137-142. Chen, J., J. S. Hartung, C. J. Chang, and A. K. Vidaver. 2002. An evolutionary perspective of Pierce’s disease of grapevine, citrus variegated chlorosis, and mulberry leaf scorch diseases. Current Microbiology 45:423-428. Claridge, M. F. 1985. Acoustic behavior of leafhoppers and planthoppers: Species problems and speciation. Pp. 103-125 in: The Leafhoppers and Planthoppers, L. R. Nault, and J. G. Rodriguez, eds. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons. Clarke, D. 2000. Amador growers await sharpshooter. GWSS Features from American Vineyard. Available online at: www.malcolmmedia.com/gwsstext.htm#anchor30315. [February 2004]. Clausen, C. P. 1978. Introduced Parasites and Predators of Arthropod Pests and Weeds: A World Review. Pp. 551 in: U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook No. 480. Coletta-Filho, H. D., and M. A. Machado. 2002. Evaluation of the genetic structure of Xylella fastidiosa populations from different Citrus sinesis varieties. Applied Environmental Microbiology 68:3731-3736. Coletta-Filho, H. D., M. A. Takita, A. A. de Souza, C. I. Aguilar-Vildoso, and M. A. Machado. 2001. Differentiation of strains of Xylella fastidiosa by a variale number of tandem repeat analysis. Applied Environmental Microbiology 67:4091-4095. Colova-Tsolov, V., A. Perl, S. Krastanova, and A. Atanassov. 2001. Genetically engineered grape for disease and stress tolerance. Pp. 411-432 in: Molecular Biology and Biotechnology of the Grapevine, K. A. Roubelakis-Angelakis, ed. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Cook, R. J. 1993. Making greater use of introduced microorganisms for biological control of plant pathogens. Annual Review of Phytopathology 31:53-80. Cooksey, D.A. and H.S. Costa. 2003. Epidemiology of Pierce’s Disease in Southern California: Identifying inoculum sources and transmission pathways. Pp. 84-86 in Proceedings of the Pierce’s Disease Research Symposium, December 8-11, 2003. California Department of Food and Agriculture. Costa, H. S., J. K. Brown, and D. N. Byrne. 1991. Life history traits of the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on 6 virus infected or healthy plant species. Environmental Entomology 20:1102-1107 Costerton, J. W. and R. T. Irwin. 1981. The bacterial glycocalyx in nature and disease. Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 35 (299-324). Costerton, J. W., R. T. Irvin, and K. J. Cheng. 1981. The role of bacterial surface structures in pathogenesis. Crc Critical Reviews in Microbiology 8:303-338.

120 RESEARCH PRIORITIES: PIERCE’S DISEASE Costello, M. J. and K. M. Daane. 2003. Spider and Leafhopper (Erythroneura spp.) Response to Vineyard Ground Cover. Environmental Entomology. 32:1085-1098 Coulson, J. R. 1992. Releases of Beneficial Organisms in the United States and Territories-1982. Pp. 529 in: United States Department of Agriculture’s Miscellaneous Publication No. 1505. Coulson, J. R. 1994. Releases of Beneficial Organisms in the United States and Territories-1983. Pp. 115 in: United States Department of Agriculture and Agricultural Research Service ARS-131. Coulson, J. R., A. Carrell, and D. L. Vincent. 1988. Releases of Beneficial Organisms in the United States and Territories-1981. Pp. 324 in: United States Department of Agriculture’s Miscellaneous Publication No. 1464. Coviella, C. E., and R. F. Luck. 2003. Glassy-winged sharpshooter’s population dynamics as a tool for eradicating GWSS populations. Pp. 244-246 in: Pierce’s Disease Research Symposium Proceedings. Coronado, CA: California Department of Food and Agriculture. Crews, L. J., M. E. McCully, M. J. Canny, C. X. Huang, and L. E. C. Ling. 1998. Xylem feeding by spittlebug nymphs: Some observations by optical and cryo-scanning electron microscopy. American Journal of Botany 85:449. Cronin, J. T., and D. R. Strong. 1994. Parasitoid interactions and their contribution to the stabilization of Auchenorrhyncha populations. Pp. 400-428 in: Planthoppers. Their Ecology and Management, R. F. Denno, and T. J. Perfect, eds. London, UK: Chapman & Hall. da Costa, P. I., C. F. Franco, S. Vicente, S. Miranda, D. C. Teixeira, and J. S. Hartung. 2000. Strains of Xylella fastidiosa rapidly distinguished by arbitrarily primed-PCR. Current Microbiology 40:279-282. da Silva, A. C., J. A. Ferro, F. C. Reinach, C. S. Farah, L. R. Furlan, R. B. Quaggio, C. B. Monteiro-Vitorello, M. A. Van Sluys, N. F. Almeida, L. M. Alves, A. M. do Amaral, M. C. Bertolini, L. E. Camargo, G. Camarotte, F. Cannavan, J. Cardozo, F. Chambergo, L. P. Ciapina, R. M. Cicarelli, L. L. Coutinho, J. R. Cursino-Santos, H. El Dorry, J. B. Faria, A. J. Ferreira, R. C. Ferreira, M. I. Ferro, E. F. Formighieri, M. C. Franco, C. C. Greggio, A. Gruber, A. M. Katsuyama, L. T. Kishi, R. P. Leite, E. G. Lemos, M. V. Lemos, E. C. Locali, M. A. Machado, A. M. Madeira, N. M. Martinez-Rossi, E. C. Martins, J. Meidanis, C. F. Menck, C. Y. Miyaki, D. H. Moon, L. M. Moreira, M. T. Novo, V. K. Okura, M. C. Oliveira, V. R. Oliveira, H. A. Pereira, A. Rossi, J. A. Sena, C. Silva, R. F. de Souza, L. A. Spinola, M. A. Takita, R. E. Tamura, E. C. Teixeira, R. I. Tezza, S. M. Trindade dos, D. Truffi, S. M. Tsai, F. F. White, J. C. Setubal, and J. P. Kitajima. 2002. Comparison of the genomes of two Xanthomonas pathogens with differing host specificities. Nature 417:459-463. da Silva, F.R., A. L. Vettore, E.L. Kemper, A. Leite, and P. Arruda. 2001. Fastidian gum: the Xylella fastidiosa exopolysaccharide possibly

REFERENCES 121 involved in bacterial patogenicity. Fems Microbiological Letters 203 (2): 165–171. Daane, K. M., and M. J. Costello. 1998. Can cover crops reduce leafhopper abundance in vineyards? California Agriculture. 52:27-32. Daane, K. M., and M. Johnson. 2002. Biology and ecology of glassy-winged sharpshooter in the San Joaquin valley. Pp. 99-102 in: Pierce’s Disease Research Symposium Proceedings. San Diego, CA: California Department of Food and Agriculture. Darjean, D. H., E. L. Civerolo, and B. C. Kirkpatrick. 2000. In vitro growth inhibition of Xylella fastidiosa by selected metallic plant micronutrients and antibiotics. Phytopathology 90:S17-S18. Davis, M. J. 1991. Fastidious bacteria of plant vascular tissue and their invertebrate vectors. Pp. 4030-4049 in: The Prokaryotes, A Handbook on the Biology of Bacteria, Ecophysiology, Isolation, Identification, Applications, Vol. 4, A. Balows, H. G. Truper, M. Dworkin, W. Harder, and K. H. Schleifer, eds. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag. Davis, M. J., A. H. Purcell, and S. V. Thomson. 1978. Pierce’s disease of grapevines: Isolation of the causal bacterium. Science 199:75-77. Davis, M. J., A. H. Purcell, and S. V. Thomson. 1980. Etiological role of the xylem-limited bacterium causing Pierce’s disease in almond leaf scorch. Phytopathology 70:408-411. Davis, M. J., B. C. Raju, R. H. Brlansky, R. F. Lee, L. W. Timmer, R. C. Norris, and R. E. McCoy. 1983. Periwinkle wilt bacterium: Axenic culture, pathogenicity, and relationships to other gram-negative, xylem- inhabiting bacteria. Phytopathology 73:1510-1515. Davis, M. J., W. J. French, and N. W. Schaad. 1981. Axenic culture of the bacteria associated with phony disease of peach and plum leaf scald. Current Microbiology 5:311-316. De Lima, J. E. O., V. S. Miranda, J. S. Hartung, R. H. Brlansky, A. Coutinho, R. R. Sergio, and C. F. Eduardo. 1998. Coffee leaf scorch bacterium: Axenic culture, pathogenicity, and comparison with Xylella fastidiosa of citrus. Plant Disease 82:94-97. de Oliveira, R. C., G. M. Yanai, N. H. Muto, D. B. Leite, A. A. de Souza, H. D. Coletta Filho, M. A. Machado, and L. R. Nunes. 2002. Competitive hybridization on spotted micro arrays as a tool to conduct comparative genomic analyses of Xylella fastidiosa strains. FEMS Microbiology Letters 216:15-21. de Souza, A. A., M. A. Takita, H. D. Coletta-Filho,C. Caldana, G. H. Goldman, G. M. Yanai,N. H. Muto, R. C. de Oliveira, L. R. Nunes, M. A. Machado. 2003. Analysis of gene expression in two growth states of Xylella fastidiosa and its relationship with pathogenicity. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 16(10):867-75. Dennis, P., and G. L. A. Fry. 1992. Field margins-can they enhance natural enemy population-densities and general arthropod diversity on farmland. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment 40:95-115. Dent, D. 1991. Insect Pest Management. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.

122 RESEARCH PRIORITIES: PIERCE’S DISEASE Derksen, R. C., R. D. Fox, R. D. Brazee, and C. R. Krause. 2000. Pp. 17 in: Coverage and drift produced by air induction and conventional hydraulic nozzles used for orchard applications. ASAE Paper No. 1137. Dicke, M., and J. Bruin. 2001. Chemical information transfer between damaged and undamaged plants: Back to the future. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 29:981-994. Dickman, M. B., Y. K. Park, T. Oltersdorf, W. Li, T. Clemente, and R. French. 2001. Abrogation of disease development in plants expressing animal antiapoptotic genes. Proceedings of the National Academies of Science 98:6957-6952. Doi, Y., M. Teranaka, K. Yora, and H. Asuyama. 1967. Mycoplasma-or PTL group-like microorganisms found in the phloem elements of plants infected with mulberry dwarf, potato witches’ broom, aster yellows, and paulownia witches’ broom. [In Japanese with English abstract] Annual Phytopathology Society of Japan 33:259-266. Dowd, P. F., and F. E. Vega. 1996. Enzymatic oxidation products of allelochemicals as a basis for resistance against insects: Effects on the corn leafhopper Dalbulus maidis. Natural Toxins 4:85-91. Durvasula, R. V., A. Gumbs, A. Panackal, O. Kruglov, S. Aksoy, R. B. Merrifield, F. F. Richards, and C. B. Beard. 1997. Prevention of insect- borne disease: An approach using transgenic symbiotic bacteria. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 94:3274-3278. Durvasula, R. V., A. Kroger, M. Goodwin, A. Panackal, O. Kruglov, J. Taneja, A. Gumbs, F. F. Richards, C. B. Beard, and C. Cordon-Rosales. 1999. Strategy for introduction of foreign genes into field populations of Chagas disease vectors. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 92:937-943. Dyer, L. E., and D. A. Landis. 1997. Influence of non-crop habitats on the distribution of Eriborus terebrans (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in cornfields. Environmental Entomology 26:924-932. Ebbert, M. A., and L. R. Nault. 1994. Improved overwintering ability in Dalbulus maidis (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) vectors infected with Spiroplasma kunkelii (Mycoplasmatales: Spiroplasmataceae). Environmental Entomology 23:634-644. Eckel, R. V. W., and E. P. Lampert. 1996. Relative attractiveness of tobacco etch virus infected and healthy flue cured tobacco plants to aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae). Journal of Economic Entomology 89:1017- 1027. Ehler, L. E., and D. G. Bottrell. 2000. The illusion of integrated pest management. Science and Technology 16:61-64. Eigenbrode, S. D., H. J. Ding, P. Shiel, and P. H. Berger. 2002. Volatiles from potato plants infected with potato leafroll virus attract and arrest the virus vector, Myzus persicae (Homoptera: Aphididae). Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences 269:455-460.

REFERENCES 123 Elden, T. C., and L. Lambert. 1992. Mechanisms of potato leafhopper resistance in soybean lines isogenic for pubescence type. Crop Science 32(5):1187-1191. Ervin, R. T., L. J. Moffitt, and D. E. Meyerdirk. 1983. Comstock mealy bug (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae): Cost analysis of a biological control program in California. Journal of Economic Entomology 76:605-609. Esau, K. 1948. Anatomic effects of the virus of Pierce's Disease and phony peach. Hilgardia 18:423-482. Etchebar, C., D. Trigalet-Demery, F. van Gijsegem, J. Vasse, and A. Triglet. 1998. Xylem colonization by an HrcV(^-) mutant of Ralstonia solanacearum is a key factor for the efficient biological control of tomato bacterial wilt. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 11:869-877. Extension Toxicology Network (EXTOXNET). 2003. Pesticide information profiles. Corvallis, OR: University of Oregon. Available online at http://ace.ace.orst.edu/info/extoxnet/pips/imidaclo.htm [February 2004]. Farrell, J. A. K. 1976. Effects of intersowing with beans on the spread of groundnut rosette virus by Aphis craccivora Koch (Hemiptera, Aphididae) in Malawi. Bulletin of Entomological Research 66:331-333. Feil, H., and A. H. Purcell. 2001. Temperature-dependent growth and survival of Xylella fastidiosa in vitro and in potted grapevines. Plant Disease 85(12):1230-1234. Feil, H., W. S. Feil, and A. H. Purcell. 2002. Effects of date of inoculation on the within-plant movement of Xyllella fastidiosa and persistence of Pierce’s disease within field grapevines. Phytopathology 93(2):244-251. Feil, H., W. S. Feil, J. C. Detter, A. Purcell, and S. E. Lindow, 2003. Site- Directed Disruption of the fimA and fimF Fimbrial Genes of Xylella fastidiosa. Phytopathology 93:675-682. Fereres, A., G. E. Kampmeier, and M. E. Irwin. 1999. Aphid attraction and preference for soybean and pepper plants infected with potyviridae. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 92:542-548. Flaherty, D. L., L. T. Wilson, V. M. Stern, and H. Kido. 1985. Biological control in San Joaquin valley vineyards. Pp. 501-520 in: Biological Control in Agricultural IPM Systems, M. A. Hoy, and D. C. Herzog, eds. Orlando, FL: Academic Press. Foissac, X., M. G. Edwards, J. P. Du, A. M. R. Gatehouse, and J. A. Gatehouse. 2002. Putative protein digestion in a sap-sucking homopteran plant pest (rice brown plant hopper; Nilaparvata lugens: Delphacidae) - identification of trypsin-like and cathepsin B-like proteases. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 32(9):967-978. Fox, R. D., S. M. Hussein, D. L. Reichard, R. D. Brazee, and F. R. Hall. 1994. A comparison of spray drift deposited on ground and airborne spray collectors and on soybean plants. OARDC Research Circular 298:109- 119. Fox, R. D., D. L. Reichard, R. D. Brazee, C. R. Krause, and F. A. Hall. 1993. Downwind residues from spraying a semi-dwarf apple orchard. Journal of ASAE Transactions, 36(2):333-340.

124 RESEARCH PRIORITIES: PIERCE’S DISEASE Franks, T., D. G. He, and M. R. Thomas. 1998. Regeneration of transgenic Vitis vinifera L. Sultana plants: Genotypic and phenotypic analysis. Molecular Breeding 4:321-333. Freitag, J. H. 1951. Host Rrange of Pierce's disease virus of grapes as determined by insect transmission. Phythopathology 41:920-934. French, W. J., and E. W. Kitajima. 1978. Occurrence of plum leaf scald in Brazil and Paraguay. Plant Disease Reporter 62:1035-1038. French, W. J., D. L. Stassi, and N. W. Schaad. 1978. The use of immunofluorescence for the identification of phony peach bacterium. Phytopathology 68: 1106-1108. Frey, P., P. Prior, C. Marie, A. Kotoujansky, D. Trigalet-Demery, and A. Trigalet. 1994. Hrp- mutants of Pseudomonas solanacearum as potential biocontrol agents of tomato bacterial wilt. Applied Environmental Microbiology 60:3175-3181. Freytag, P. H. 1985. The insect parasites of leafhoppers, and related groups. Pp. 423-467 in: The Leafhoppers and Planthoppers, L. R. Nault, and R. G. Rodriguez, eds. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons. Fry, J. M. 1989. Natural Enemy Databank 1987. Silwood Park, UK: CABI. Fry, S. M., and R. D. Milholland. 1990a. Multiplication and translocation of Xylella fastidiosa in petioles and stems of grapevines resistant, tolerant, and susceptible to Pierce’s disease. Phytopathology 80:61-65. Fry, S. M., and R. D. Milholland. 1990b. Response of resistant, tolerant, and susceptible grapevines to invasion by the Pierce’s disease bacterium, Xylella fastidiosa. Phytopathology 80:66-69. Fry, S. M., J. S. Huang, and R. D. Milholland. 1994. Isolation and preliminary characterization of extra cellular proteases produced by strains of Xylella fastidiosa from grapevines. Phytopathology 84:357-363. Gardner, M. W., Hewitt, W. B. 1974. Pierce's disease of the grapevine: The Anaheim disease and the California vine disease. University of California, Berkeley and Davis, CA, 225pp. Gerlach, G. F., S. Clegg, and B. L. Allen. 1989. Identification and characterization of the genes encoding type 3 and type 1 fimbrial adhesin of Klebsiella pneumoniae. J. Bacteriol. 171:1262-1270. Gilchrist, D. G. 1998. Programmed cell death in plant disease: The purpose and promise of cellular suicide. Annual Review of Phytopathology 36:393. Gildow, F. E. 1980. Increased production of Alatae by aphids (Hemiptera, Aphididae) reared on oats infected with barley yellow dwarf virus. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 73:343-347. Gildow, F. E. and W. F. Rochow.1980. Role of accessory salivary glands in aphid transmission of barley yellow dwarf virus. Virology 104, 97-108. Gleeson, P., Dlott, J., Ohmar, C. and M. Zeiss. 2004. Final Report to CDFA: Pierce’s Disease and Glassy-winged Sharpshooter Research Evaluation. Contract 02-0628, January 2003-January 2004. American Vineyard Foundation, Napa, CA and RealToolbox, Soquel, CA.

REFERENCES 125 Goheen, A. C., and D. L. Hopkins. 1988. Pierce’s Disease. Pp. 44-45 in: Compendium of Grape Diseases, R.C. Pearson and A.C. Goheen, eds. St. Paul, MN: American Phytopathological Society. Goheen, A. C., G. Nyland, and S. K. Lowe. 1973. Association of a rickettsia– like organism with Pierce’s disease of grapevines and alfalfa dwarf and heat therapy of the disease in grapevines. Phytopathology 63:341-345. Goodman, R. N., and A. J. Novacky. 1994. The hypersensitive reaction in plants to pathogens. St.Paul, MI: APS Press. Goodman, R. N., Kiraly, Z., and Wood, K. R. 1986. The biochemistry and physiology of plant disease. University of Missouri Press, Columbia, MO, U.S.A. Goodwin, P., J. De Vay, and C. Meredith. 1988a. Physiological response of Vitis vinifera cv."Chardonnay" to infection by the Pierce's. Physiologial and Molecular Plant Pathology 32:17-32. Goodwin, P., J. De Vay, C. Meredith and P. Goodwin. 1988b. Roles of water stress and phytotoxins in the development of Pierce's disease of the grapevine. Plant Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 32:1-15. Gould, A. B., W. J. French, J. H. Aldrich, B. V. Brodbeck, R. F. Mizell, and P. C. Andersen. 1991. Rootstock influence on occurrence of Homalodisca-coagulata peach xylem fluid amino acids and concentrations of Xylella fastidiosa. Plant Disease 75:767-770. Grafton-Cardwell, B. 2002. Efficacy of insecticides used for Glassy-winged Sharpshooter control in citrus nursery stock. Pp. 143-144 in: Pierce’s Disease Research Symposium Proceedings. Sacramento, CA: California Department of Food and Agriculture. Grafton-Cardwell, B., and C. Reagan. 2003. Surround use in citrus increases California Red Scale. University of California Plant Protection Quarterly 13(3):5-7. Granett, J., G. Fong, A. Walker, H. Lin, J. De Benedictis, and E. Weber. 1996. California grape phylloxera more variable than expected. California agriculture 50(4):9-13. Gray, S. M., and N. Banerjee. 1999. Mechanisms of arthropod transmission of plant and animal viruses. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 63:128-148. Greenberg, J. T. 1997. Programmed cell death in plant-pathogen interactions. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 48:525-545. Greenberg, J. T., and N. Yao. 2004. The role and regulation of programmed cell death in plant-pathogen interactions. Cell Microbiology 6:201-211. Guilhabert, M. R., and B. C. Kirpatrick. 2003. Transformation of Xylella fastidiosa with broad host range RSF1010 derivative plasmids. Molecular Plant Pathology 4:279-285. Guilhabert, M. R., L. M. Hoffman, D. A. Mills, and B. C. Kirkpatrick. 2001. Transposon mutagenesis of Xylella fastidiosa by electroporation of Tn5 synaptic complexes. Molecular Plant Microbe Interactions 14:701-706.

126 RESEARCH PRIORITIES: PIERCE’S DISEASE Gurr, G. M., S. D. Wratten, and J. M. Luna. 2003. Multi-function agricultural biodiversity: Pest management and other benefits. Basic and Applied Ecology 4:107-116. Hall, D. C. 1988. The regional economic threshold for integrated pest management. Natural Resource Modeling 2:631-652. Hall, F. R. 1985.Improving agrochemical and fertilizer application technology. Proceedings from the Conference on Agricultural Research Institute. Bethesda, MD. Hammond, R. B., and D. L. Jeffers. 1990. Potato leafhopper (Homoptera- Cicadellidae). Populations on soybean relay intercropped into winter- wheat. Environmental Entomology 19:1810-1819. Hanna, R., F. G. Zalom, and W. J. Roltsch. 2003. Relative impact of spider predation and cover crop on population dynamics of Erythroneura variabilis in a raisin grape vineyard. Entomology Experimental Applications 107:177-191. Hanski, I., I. Woiwod, and J. Perry. 1993. Density dependence, population persistence, and largely futile arguments. Oecologia 95:595-598. Harakava, R., and D. W. Gabriel. 2003. Genetic differences between two strains of Xylella fastidiosa revealed by suppression subtractive hybridization. Applied Environmental Microbiology 69:1315-1319. Harman, G.E. 1990. Deployment tactics for biocontrol agents in plant pathology. New Directions in Biological Control. Pp. 779-792 in: Alternatives for Suppressing Agricultural Pests and Diseases. Ithaca, NY: Alan R. Liss, Inc. Harpaz, I. 1982. Nonpesticidal control of vector-borne viruses. Pp.1-21 in: Pathogens, Vectors, and Plant Diseases, K. F. Harris, and K. Maramorosch, eds. New York, NY: Academic Press. Harris, A. H. 1993. Wisconsinan pre-pleniglacial biotic change in southeastern New Mexico. Quaternary Research (Orlando) 40:127-133. Harris, P. 1979. Cost of biological control of weeds by insects in Canada. Weed Science 27:242-250. Hartman, J. 2000. Will Injections save oaks from bacterial leaf scorch? Kentucky Pest News 901.Available online at: http://www.uky.edu/Agriculture/kpn/kpn_00/pn001106.htm#shawil. [March 2004]. Hartung, J. S., M. J. G. Beretta, R. H. Brlansky, J. Spisso, and R. F. Lee. 1994. Citrus variegated chlorosis bacterium: Axenic culture, pathogenicity, and serological relationships with other strains of Xylella fastidiosa. Phytopathology 84:591-597. Hashim, J. 2001. Field identification of Pierce’s Disease. Bakerfield, CA: University of California Cooperative Extension Newsletter, 27th September. Available online at: http://ucce.ucdavis.edu/counties/cekern/newsletterfiles/From_the_Vine 2701.pdf [March 12, 2004].

REFERENCES 127 Headley, J. C. 1985. Cost-benefit analysis defining research needs. Pp. 53-63 in: Biological Control in Agricultural IPM Systems, M. A. Hoy, and D. C. Herzog, eds. Orlando, FL: Academic Press. Hearon, S. S., J. L. Sherald, and S. J. Kostka. 1980. Association of xylem- limited bacteria with elm, sycamore, and oak leaf scorch. Canadian Journal of Botany 58:1986-1993. Heath, M. C. 2000. Hypersensitive response-related death. Plant Molecular Biology 44:321-34. Heil, M. 2002. Ecological costs of induced resistance Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 5:345-350. Heinrichs, E. A. 1979. Control of leafhopper and planthopper vectors of rice viruses. Pp. 529-560 in: Leafhopper, Vectors, and Plant Disease Agents, K. Maramorosch, and K. F. Harris, eds. New York, NY: Academic Press. Hendson, M., A. Purcell, D. Chen, C. Smart, M. Guilhabert, and B. Kirkpatrick. 2001. Genetic diversity of Pierce's disease strains and other pathotypes of Xyella fastidiosa. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67:895- 903. Hewitt, W. B. 1970. Pierce’s Disease of Vitis species. Pp. 196-200 in: Virus Disease of Small Fruits and Grapevines, N.W. Frazier, ed. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. Hewitt, W. B., and B. R. Houston. 1941. Association of Pierce's disease and alfalfa dwarf in California. Plant Disease Reporter 25:475-476. Hewitt, W. B., N. W. Frazier, J. H. Freitag, and A. J. Winkler. 1949. Pierce's disease investigations. Hilgardia 19:207-264. Hewitt, W. B., N. W. Frazier, H. E. Jacob, and J. H. Freitag. 1942. Pierce's disease of grapevines. California Agricultural Experiment Station Circular 353:1-32. Hewitt, W. B., B. R. Houston, N. W. Frazier, and J. H. Freitag. 1946. Leafhopper transmission of the virus causing Pierce's disease of grape and dwarf of alfalfa. Phytopathology 36:117-128. Hickman, J. M., and S. D. Wratten. 1996. Use of Phacelia tanacetifolia strips to enhance biological control of aphids by hoverfly larvae in cereal fields. Journal of Economic Entomology 89:832-840. Hilaire, E., S. A. Young, L. H. Willard, J. D. McGee, T. Sweat, J. M. Chittoor, J. A. Guikema, and J. E. Leach. 2001. Vascular defense responses in rice: peroxidase accumulation in xylem parenchyma cells and xylem wall thickening. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 14:1411-1419. Hill, B. L., and A. H. Purcell. 1995a. Acquisition and retention of Xylella fastidiosa by an efficient vector, Graphocephala atropunctata. Phytopathology 85:209-212. Hill, B. L., and A. H. Purcell. 1995b. Multiplication and movement of Xylella fastidiosa within grape and four other plants. Phytopathology 85:1368- 1372.

128 RESEARCH PRIORITIES: PIERCE’S DISEASE Hill, B. L., and A. H. Purcell. 1997. Populations of Xylella fastidiosa in plants required for transmission by an efficient vector. Phytopathology 87:1197-1201. Hix, R. 2001. Egg-laying and brochosome production observed in glassy- winged sharpshooter. California Agriculture (July/August). Available online at http://californiaagriculture.ucop.edu/0104JA/pdfs/brochosomes.pdf [March 2004]. Hoffmann, A. A., and M. W. Blows. 1993. Evolutionary genetics and climate change: Will animals adapt to global warming?, P. M. Kareiva, J. G. Kingsolver, and R. B. Huey, eds. Biotic interactions and global change. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates. Holt, J., and T. C. B. Chancellor. 1997. A model of plant virus disease epidemics in asynchronously-planted cropping systems. Plant Pathology 46:490-501. Holt, J., J. Colvin, and V. Muniyappa. 1999. Identifying control strategies for tomato leaf curl virus disease using an epidemiological model. Journal of Applied Ecology 36:625-633. Holt, J., M. J. Jeger, J. M. Thresh, and G. W. OtimNape. 1997. An epidemiological model incorporating vector population dynamics applied to African cassava mosaic virus disease. Journal of Applied Ecology 34:793-806. Hooks, C. R. R., and M. W. Johnson. 2003. Impact of agricultural diversification on the insect community of cruciferous crops. Crop Protection 22:223-238. Hopkins, D. L. 1976. Pierce’s disease of grapevines. American Wine Society 8:26-27. Hopkins, D. L. 1977. Diseases caused by leafhopper-borne, rickettsia-like bacteria. Annual Review of Phytopathology 17:277-294. Hopkins, D. L. 1981. Seasonal concentration of the Pierce’s disease bacterium in grapevine stems, petioles, and leaf veins. Phytopathology 71:415- 418. Hopkins, D. L. 1982. Relation of Pierce's disease bacterium to a wilt-type disease of citrus in the greenhouse. Phytopathology 72:1090-1092. Hopkins, D. L. 1985a. Effects of plant growth regulators on development of Pierce's disease symptoms in grapevine. Plant Disease 69:944-946. Hopkins, D. L. 1985b. Physiological and pathological characteristics of virulent and avirulent strains of the bacterium that causes Pierce's disease of grapevine. Phytopathology 75:713-717. Hopkins, D. L. 1989. Xylella fastidiosa: Xylem-limited bacterial pathogens of plants. Annual Review of Phytopathology 27:271-290. Hopkins, D. L. 1994. Induced resistance to Pierce's disease of grapevine by weakly virulent strains of Xylella fastidiosa. INRA Colloquia; Plant pathogenic bacteria. M. Lemattre, S. Freigoun, K. Rudolph and J. G. Swings, INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), 147 rue de l'Universite, 75007 Paris, France: 951-956.

REFERENCES 129 Hopkins, D. L. 1995. Xylella fastidiosa. Pp. 185-197 in: Pathogenesis and Host Specificity in Plant Diseases: Histopathological, biochemical, genetic and molecular bases, vol. I. Prokaryotes, U. S. Singh, K. P. Singh, and K. Kohmoto, eds. Oxford, UK: Elsevier Science. Hopkins, D. L., and W. C. Adlerz. 1988. Natural hosts of Xylella fastidiosa in Florida. Plant Disease 72:429-431. Hopkins, D. L., and H. H. Mollenhauer. 1973. Rickettsia-like bacterium associated with Pierce's disease of grapes. Science 179:288-300. Hopkins, D. L., and J. A. Mortensen. 1971. Supression of Pierce's disease symptoms by tetracycline antibiotics. Plant Disease Reporter 7:610-612. Hopkins, D. L., and A. Purcell. 2002. Xylella fastidiosa: Cause of Pierce's disease of grapevine and other emergent diseases. Plant Disease 86:1056-1063. Hopkins, D. L., W. C. Adlerz, and F. W. Bistline. 1978. Similarities between citrus blight and Pierce's disease of grapevine. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society 93:18-20. Hopkins, D. L., H. H. Mollenhauer, and W. J. French. 1973. Occurrence of a rickettsia-like bacterium in the xylem of peach trees with phony disease. Phytopathology 63:1422-1423. http://ucce.ucdavis.edu/counties/cekern/newsletterfiles/From_the_Vine 2701.pdf [February 2004]. Horino, O. 1976. Induction of bacterial leaf blight resistance by incompatible strains of Xanthomonas oryzae in rice. Pages 43-55 in: Biochemistry and Cytology of Plant Parasite Interactions. K. Tomiyama, J. M. Daly, I. Uritani, H. Oku, and S. Ouchi, eds. Kodansha, Tokyo. Horino, O. 1981. Ultrastructural histopathology of rice leaves infected with Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae on Kogyok group rice varieties with different levels of resistance at the seedling stage. Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jpn. 47:501-509. Horino, O., and Kaku, H. 1989. Defense mechanisms of rice against bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Pages 135-152 in: Bacterial Blight in Rice. International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines. Hou, R. F., and M. A. Brooks. 1975. Continuous rearing of the aster leafhopper, Macrosteles fascifrons, on a chemically defined diet. Journal of Insect Physiology 21:1481-1483. Hou, R. F., and L. C. Lin. 1979. Artificial rearing of the rice green leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps, on a holidic diet. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 25:158-164. Howard, F. W., and R. M. Giblin-Davis. 1997. The seasonal abundance and feeding damage of Hypsipyla grandella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in seed capsules of Swietenia mahagoni in Florida. Florida Entomologist 80(1)34-41. Howarth, F. G. 1991. Environmental impacts of classical biological control. Annual Review of Entomology 36:485-509.

130 RESEARCH PRIORITIES: PIERCE’S DISEASE Huang, J., Y. J. Cardoza, E. A. Schmelz, R. Raina, J. Engelberth, and J. H. Tumlinson. 2003. Differential volatile emissions and salicylic acid levels from tobacco plants in response to different strains of Pseudomonas syringae. Planta 217(5):767-775. Huang, P. Y., R. D. Milholland, and M. E. Daykin. 1986. Structural and morphological changes associated with the Pierce's disease bacterium in bunch and muscadine grape tissues. Phytopathology 76:1232-1238. Huckelhoven, R., and K. H. Kogel. 2003. Reactive oxygen intermediates in plant-microbe interactions: Who is who in powdery mildew resistance? Planta 216:891-902. Huckelhoven, R., C. Dechert, and K. H. Kogel. 2003. Overexpression of barley BAX inhibitor 1 induces breakdown of mlo-mediated penetration resistance to Blumeria graminis. Proceedings of the National Academies of Science 29:5555-5560. Hull, L. A., and E. H. Beers. 1985. Ecological selectivity: Modifying chemical control practices to preserve natural enemies. Pp. 103-122 in: Biological Control in Agricultural IPM Systems, M. A. Hoy, and D. C. Herzog, eds. Orlando, FL: Academic Press. Hultgren, S. J., S. Abraham, M. Caparon, P. Falk, J. W. St.Geme, III., and S. Normark. 1993. Pilus and nonpilus bacterial adhesins: Assembly and function in cell recognition. Cell 73:887-901. Hunt, R. E., and L. R. Nault. 1990. Influence of life history of grasses and maize chlorotic dwarf virus on the biotic potential of the leafhopper Graminella nigrifrons (Homoptera, Cicadellidae). Environmental Entomology 19:76-84. Hunt, R. E., J. P. Fox, and K. F. Haynes. 1992. Behavioral response of Graminella nigrifrons (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) to experimentally manipulated vibrational signals. Journal of Insect Behavior 5:1-13. Hunt, R. H., and T. L. Morton. 2001. Regulation of chorusing behavior in the vibrational communication system of the leafhopper Graminella nigrifrons. American Zoologist 41:1222-1228. Hussey, N. W. 1985. Biological control-a commercial evaluation. Biocontrol News and Information 6:93-99. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). 2001. Climate change: The science of climate change. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. Iocco, P., T. Franks, and M. R. Thomas. 2001. Genetic transformation of major wine grape cultivars of Vitis vinifera L. Transgenic Research 10:105- 112. IOM (Institute of Medicine). 2003. Gulf War and Health: Volume 2. Insecticides and Solvents. Washington D.C.: National Academies Press. Irwin, M. E., and J. M. Thresh. 1990. Epidemiology of barley yellow dwarf: A study in ecological complexity. Annual Review of Phytopathology 28:393-424. Ishibashi, Y., S. Claus, and D. A. Relman. 1994. Bordetella pertussis filamentous hemagglutinin interacts with a leukocyte signal

REFERENCES 131 transduction complex and stimulates bacterial adherence to monocyte CR3 (CD11b/CD18). J. Exp. Med. 180:1225-1233. Ishie, T., Y. Doi, K. Yora, and H. Asuyama. 1967. Suppressive effects of antibiotics of tetracycline group on symptom development in mulberry dwarf disease. [In Japanese with English abstract] Annual Phytopathology Society of Japan 33:2367-275. Ito, J., A. Ghosh, L. A. Moreira, E. A. Wimmer, and M. Jacobs-Lorena. 2002. Transgenic anopheline mosquitoes impaired in transmission of a malaria parasite. Nature 417:452-455. Jakubowski, S. J., V. Krishnamoorthy, and P. J. Christie. 2003. Agrobacterium tumefaciens VirB6 protein participates in formation of VirB7 and VirB9 complexes required for Type IV secretion. Journal of Bacteriology 185:2867-2878. Jeger, M. J., and M. S. Chan. 1995. Theoretical aspects of epidemics: Uses of analytical models to make strategic management decisions. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology-Revue Canadienne De Phytopathologie 17:109-114. Jerminin, M., and C. Gessler. 1996. Epidemiology and control of grape black rot in southern Switzerland. Plant Disease 80(3):322-325. Jones, W. A. 2001. Classical biological control of Homalodisca coagulata. Pp. 34 in: Proceedings of the Pierce’s Disease Research Symposium, December 5-7. San Diego, California. California Department of Food and Agriculture. Kamper, S. M., W. J. French, and S. R. deKloet. 1985. Genetic relationships of some fastidious xylem-limited bacteria. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 35:185-188. Kang Y., H. Liu, S. Genin, M. A. Schell, and T. P. Denny. 2002. Ralstonia solanacearum requires type 4 pili to adhere to multiple surfaces and for natural transformation and virulence. Molecular Microbiology 46:427- 37. Karban, R., and I. T. Baldwin. 1997. Induced Responses to Herbivory. University of Chicago Press Kareiva, P. 1982. Experimental and mathematical analyses of herbivore movement-quantifying the influence of plant spacing and quality on foraging discrimination. Ecological Monographs 52:261-282. Kareiva, P. 1985. Finding and losing host plants by phyllotreta-patch size and surrounding habitat. Ecology 66:1809-1816. Khan, Z. R., and R. C. Saxena. 1985. Behavior and biology of Nephotettix virescens (Homoptera, Cicadellidae) on tungro virus infected rice plants: Epidemiology implications. Environmental Entomology 14:297- 304. Kikkert, J. R., M. R. Thomas, and B. I. Reisch. 2001. Genetically engineered grape for disease and stress tolerance. Pp. 393-463 in: Molecular Biology and Biotechnology of the Grapevine, K. A. Roubelakis- Angelakis, ed. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

132 RESEARCH PRIORITIES: PIERCE’S DISEASE Kitajima, E. W., M. Bakarcic, and M.V. Fernandez-Valiela. 1975. Association of rickettsia-like bacteria with plum leaf scald disease. Phytopathology 65: 476-479. Klee, S. R., X. Nassif, B. Kusecek, P. Merker, J. L. Beretti, M. Achtman, C. R. Tinsley. 2000. Molecular and biological analysis of eight genetic islands that distinguish Neisseria meningitidis from the closely related pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Infection and Immunology 68:2082- 95. Koricheva, J., C. P. H. Mulder, B. Schmid, J. Joshi, and K. Huss-Danell. 2000. Numerical responses of different trophic groups of invertebrates to manipulations of plant diversity in grasslands. Oecologia 125:271-282. Kornegay, J. L., C. Cardona, J.V. Esch, and M. Alvarado. 1989. Identification of common bean lines with ovipositional resistance to Empoasca kraemeri (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 82:649– 654. Kostka, S. J., T. A. Tatter, and J. L. Sherald. 1984. Culture of fastidious, xylem- limited bacteria from declining oaks in the northeastern U.S. Phytopathology 84:803 Kostka, S. J., T. A. Tatter, and J. L. Sherald. 1986a. Elm leaf scorch: Abnormal physiology in American elms infected with fastidious, xylem- inhabiting bacteria. Canadian Journal Forest Research 16:1088-1091. Kostka, S. J., T. A. Tatter, J. L. Sherald, and S. S. Hurtt. 1986b. Mulberry leaf scorch, new disease caused by a fastidious, xylem-limited bacterium. Plant Disease 70:690-693. Kpemoua, K.; B. Boher, M. Nicole, P. Calatayud, and J. P. Geiger. 1996. Cytochemistry of defence responses in cassava infected by Xanthomonas campestris pv. manihotis. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 42:1131-1143. Kragh, K. M., J. E. Nielsen, K. K. Nielsen, S. Dreboldt, and J. D. Mikkelsen. 1995. Characterization and localization of new antifungal cysteine-rich protein from Beta vulgaris. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 8(3):424-434. Krugner, R., M. T. V. de C. Lopes, J. S. Santos, M. J. G. Beretta, and J. R. S. Lopes. 1998. Transmission efficiency of Xylella fastidiosa by sharpshooters and identification of two new vector species. P. 81 in Proceedings of the XIV Conference of the International Organization of Citrus Virologists. Kruzmane, D., L. Jankevica, and G. Ievinsh. 2002. Effect of regurgitant from Leptinotarsa decemlineata on wound responses in Solanum tuberosum and Phaseolus vulgaris. Plant Physiology 115(4):577-584. Lamp, W. O., and L. M. Zhao. 1993. Prediction and manipulation of movement by polyphagous, highly mobile pests. Journal of Agricultural Entomology 10:267-281. Lampe, D. and T. Miller. 2002. Paratransgenesis for Control of Pierce’s Disease: Manipulation of Endophytic Bacteria for Paratransgenic Control of Pierce’s Disease. Pp. 27-28 in Proceedings, Pierce’s Disease Research

REFERENCES 133 Symposium, M. Athar Tariq, S. Oswalt, P. Blincoe and T. Esser, Eds, December 15-18, 2002, San Diego, California, California Department of Food and Agriculture. Landis, D. A., S. D. Wratten, and G. M. Gurr. 2000. Habitat management to conserve natural enemies of arthropod pests in agriculture. Annual Review of Entomology 45:175-201. Larsen, D. 2000a. GWSS update. GWSS Features from American Vineyard. Available online at: www.malcolmmedia.com/gwsstext.htm#anchor311193 [February 2004]. Larsen, D. 2000b. On glassy wings they come, Pierce's disease an agricultural nightmare. GWSS Features from American Vineyard. Available online at www.malcolmmedia.com/gwsstext.htm#anchor196293 [February 2004]. Latorre-Guzman, B. A., C.I. Kado, and R.E. Kunkee. 1977. Lactobacillus hordniae, new species from the leafhopper Hordnia circellata. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 27(4): 362-370. Lauziere, I., M. Ciomperlik, and L. Wendel. 2002. Biological control of the glassy-winged sharpshooter in Kern County, California. Pp. 81-82 in: Proceedings of the Pierce’s Disease Research Symposium, December 15-18. San Diego, California. California Department of Food and Agriculture. Lauzon, C. and T. Miller. 2002. Insect-Symbiotic Bacteria Inhibitory to Xylella fastidiosa (Paratransgenesis for Control of Pierce’s Disease): Identification of Endophytic Bacteria Cycled by Glassy-winged Sharpshooters to Host Plants. In Proceedings, Pierce’s Disease Research Symposium, M. Athar Tariq, S. Oswalt, P. Blincoe and T. Esser, Eds, December 15-18, 2002, San Diego, California, California Department of Food and Agriculture. Law, L. E. 1978. Embedded-electrode electrostatic-induction spray-charging nozzle: Theoretical and engineering design. ASAE Transactions 21(6):1096-1104. Leach, J. E. 2001. Hypersensitivity. Pp. 556-557 in: Encyclopedia of Plant Pathology Vol 2, O. C. Maloy, and T. D. Murray, eds. London, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Lehtinen, R. M., S. M. Galatowitsch, and J. R. Tester. 1999. Consequences of habitat loss and fragmentation for wetland amphibian assemblages. Wetlands 19:1-12. Leite, B., M. L. Ishida, E. Alves, H. Carrer, S. F. Pascholati, and E. W. Kitajima. 2002. Genomics and X-ray microanalysis indicate that Ca2+ and thiols mediate the aggregation and adhesion of Xylella fastidiosa. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 35:645-650. Letourneau, D. K. 1990. Mechanisms of predator accumulation in a mixed crop system. Ecological Entomology 15:63-69. Li, W. B., W. D. Pria, Jr., D. C. Teixeira, V. S. Miranda, A. J. Ayres, C. F. Franco, M. G. Costa, C. X. He, P. I. Costa, and J. S. Hartung. 2001.

134 RESEARCH PRIORITIES: PIERCE’S DISEASE Coffee leaf scorch caused by a strain of Xylella fastidiosa from citrus. Plant Disease 85:501-505. Li, W. B., C. H. Zhou, W. D. Pria, E. O. Pereira, A. J. Ayres, C. X. He, and J. S. Hartung. 2003. Citrus and coffee strains of Xylella fastidiosa induce Pierce's disease in grapevine. Plant Disease 86:1206-1210. Liu H., Y. Kang, S. Genin, M. A. Schell, and T. P. Denny. 2001. Twitching motility of Ralstonia solanacearum requires a type IV pilus system. Microbiology 147:3215-29. Liu, W., L. J. Moffitt, L. K. Lee, and P. C. Bhowmik. 1999. Publicly-provided information in environmental management: Incorporating groundwater quality goals into herbicide treatment recommendations. Journal of Environmental Management 55:239-248. Loomis, N. H. 1958. Performance of Vitis species in the south as an indication of their relative resistance to Pierce’s disease. Plant Disease Reporter 42:833-836. Louda, S. M., R. W. Pemberton, M. T. Johnson, and P. A. Follett. 2003. Annual Review of Entomology 48:365-396. Loughrin, J. H., H. T. Alborn, T. C. J. Turlings, T. H. Jones, G. Stenhagen, and J. H. Tumlinson. 1997. An elicitor of plant volatiles from beet armyworm oral secretion. Science 276(5314):945-949. Loughrin, J. H., D. A. Potter, K. Hamilton, T. R. Kemp, and M. E. Byers. 1996. Role of feeding-induced plant volatiles in aggregative behavior of the Japanese beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Environmental Entomology 25 (5):1188-1191. Machado E. C., J. A. Quaggio, A. M. M. A. Lagôa, M. Ticelli, and P. R Furlani 1994. Trocas gasosas e relações hídricas em laranjeiras com clorose variegada de citros. Revista Brasileira de Fisiologia Vegetal 6:53-57. Macias, W., and G. I. Mink. 1969. Preference of green peach aphids for virus infected sugarbeet leaves. Journal of Economic Entomology 62:28-&. Madden, L. V., and L. R. Nault. 1983. Differential pathogenicity of corn stunting mollicutes to leafhopper vectors in Dalbulus and Baldulus Species. Phytopathology 73:1608-1614. Madden, L. V., and L. R. Nault. 1984. Effect of corn stunt Spiroplasma on survival and fecundity of 3 Dalbulus leafhopper vectors. Phytopathology 74:1270-1270. Mahr, D. L., and N. M. Ridgway. 1993. Biological Control of Insects and Mites. Pp. 91 in: North Central Regional Extension Publication. No. 481. Maloy, O. C. 1993. Plant disease control: principles and practice. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Maramorosch, K. 1958. Cross protection between 2 Strains of corn stunt virus in an insect vector. Virology 6:448-459. Maramorosch, K. 1960. Leafhopper transmitted plant viruses. Protoplasma 52:457-466. Marques, L. L. R., H. Ceri, G. P. Manfio, D. M. Reid, and M. E. Olson. 2002. Characterizations of biofilm formation by Xylella fastidiosa in vitro. Plant Disease 86:633-638.

REFERENCES 135 Martin, T. E. 2001. Abiotic vs. biotic influences on habitat selection of coexisting species: Climate change impacts? Ecology 82:175-188. Martinelli, L., and I. Gribaudo. 2001. Genetically engineered grape for disease and stress tolerance. Pp. 327-352 in: Molecular Biology and Biotechnology of the Grapevine, K. A. Roubelakis-Angelakis, ed. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers Martinson, T. E., and T. J. Dennehy. 1995. Varietal preferences of Erythroneura leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) feeding on grapes in New York. Environmental Entomology 24(3):550-558. Matthews, R. E. F. 1991. Plant virology, 3rd edition. New York, NY: Academic Press. Mauro, M. C., S. Toutain, B. Walter, L. Pinck, L. Otten, P. Coutosthevenot, A. Deloire, and P. Barbier. 1995. High efficiency regeneration of grapevine plants transformed with the GFLV coat protein gene. Plant Science 112:97-106. Mayer, R. T., M. Inbar, C. L. McKenzie, R. Shatters, V. Borowicz, U. Albrecht, C. A. Powell, and H. Doostdar. 2002. Multitrophic interactions of the silverleaf whitefly, host plants, competing herbivores, and phytopathogens. Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 51:151-169. McCoy, R. E., D. L. Thomas, J. H. Tsai, and W. J. French. 1978. Periwinkle wilt, a new disease associated with xylem delimited rickettsia-like bacteria transmitted by a sharpshooter. Plant Disease Report 62:1022-1026. McElhaney, P., L. A. Real, and A. G. Power. 1995. Vector preference and disease dynamics: A study of barley yellow dwarf virus. Ecology 76:444-457. McElrone, A. J., J. L. Sherald, and I. N. Forseth. 2001. Effects of water stress on symptomatology and growth of Parthenocissus quinquefolia infected by Xylella fastidiosa. Plant Disease 85:1160-1164. McKenzie, C. L. 2002. Effect of tomato mottle virus (Tomov) on Bemisia tabaci biotype B (Homoptera : Aleyrodidae) oviposition and adult survivorship on healthy tomato. Florida Entomologist 85:367-368. Meadows, R. 2001. Scientists, state aggressively pursue Pierce’s disease. California Agriculture 55(4):9. Mehta, A. and Y. B. Rosato 2001. Phylogenetic relationships of Xylella fastidiosa strains from different hosts, based on 16S rDNA and 16S- 23S intergenic spacer sequences. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 51(2): 311-318. Meidanis, J., M. D. V. Braga, and S. Verjovski-Almeida. 2002. Whole-genome analysis of transporters in the plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 66(2):272-299. Meinhardt, L. W., M. Robeirp, J. Coletta-Fiho, C. Dumenyo, S. Tsai, and C. Bellato. 2003. Genotypic analysis of Xylella fastidiosa isolates from different hosts using sequences homologous to the Xanthomonas rpf genes. Molecular Plant Pathology 4:327-335.

136 RESEARCH PRIORITIES: PIERCE’S DISEASE Metraux, J. P., C. Nawrath, and T Genoud. 2002. Systemic acquired resistance. Euphytica 124:237-243. Mew, T. W. 1987. Current status and future prospects of research on bacterial blight of rice. Annuual Review of Phytopathology 25:359-82. Michigan Department of Natural Resources (DNR). 2004. Organophosphate Toxicity. Available on-line at http://www.michigan.gov/dnr/0,1607,7- 153-10370_12150_12220-27249--,00.htm.[July 2004]. Michigan State University. 2002. Fruit Crop Advisory Team Alert Vol. 17, No. 2, April 9, 2002. Miklasiewicz, T. J., and R. B. Hammond. 2001. Density of potato leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) in response to soybean-wheat cropping systems. Environmental Entomology 30:204-214. Minsavage, G. V., C. Thompson, D. Hopkins, R. Leite, and R. Stall. 1994. Development of a polymerase chain reaction protocol for detection of Xylella fastidiosa in plant tissue. Phytopathology 84:456-461. Mira, A., and E. A. Bernays. 2002. Trade-offs in host use by Manduca sexta: Plant characters vs natural enemies. Oikos 97:387-397. Mircetich, S. M., S. K. Lowe, W. J. Moller, and G. Nyland. 1976a. Etiology of almond leaf scorch disease and transmission of the causal agent. Phytopathology 66:17-24. Mircetich, S. M., A. H. Purcell, G. Nyland, S. V. Thomson, and W. J. Moller. 1976b. Almond leaf scorch disease. Pp. 7 in: Annual Report to the California Almond Board on the Almond Leaf Scorch Research Project. University of California, Davis. Mitsuhashi, J. 1979. Artificial rearing and aseptic rearing of leafhopper vectors: Applications in virus and MLO research. Pp. 369-412 in: Leafhopper Vectors and Plant Disease Agents, K. Maramorosch, and K. F. Harris, eds. New York, NY: Academic Press. Moffitt, L. J. 1986. Risk-efficient thresholds for pest control decisions. Journal of Agricultural Economics 37:69-75. Moffitt, L. J. 1988. Incorporating environmental considerations in pest control advice for farmers. American Journal of Agricultural Economics 70:628-634. Mollenhauer, H. H., and D. L. Hopkins. 1974. Ultrastructural study of Pierce's disease bacterium in grape xylem tissue. Journal of Bacteriology 119:612-618. Mollenhauer, H. H., and D. L. Hopkins. 1976. Xylem morphology of Pierce's disease infected grapevines with different levels of tolerance. Physiology and Plant Pathology 9:95-100. Morales, M., and A. Ros-Barcelo. 1997. A basic peroxidase isoenzyme from vacuoles and cell walls of Vitis vinifera. Phytochemistry. 45 (2):229- 232. Moran, N. A., C. Dale, H. Dunbar, W. A. Smith, and H. Ochman. 2003. Intracellular symbionts of sharpshooters (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellinae) form a distinct clade with a small genome. Environmental Microbiology 5:116-126.

REFERENCES 137 Morgan, D. J. W., and P. M. Brennan. 2001. Cold storage of GWSS parasitoids. Pp. 18-19 in: Biological Control Program, California Department of Food and Agriculture. Sacramento, CA: California Department of Food and Agriculture. Morris, C. E., and J. M. Monier. 2003. The ecological significance of biofilm formation by plant-associated bacteria. Annual Review of Phytopathology 41:429-53. Morrison, G., and P. Barbosa. 1987. Spatial heterogeneity, population “regulation” and local extinction in simulated host-parasitoid interactions. Oecologia 73:609-614. Mortensen, J. A., L. H. Stover, and C. F. Balerdi. 1978. Sources of resistance to Pierces disease in Vitis. Journal of American Society of Horticultural Science 102:695-697. Mourgues, F., M. N. Brisset, and E. Chevreau. 1998. Strategies to improve plant resistance to bacterial diseases through genetic engineering. Trends in Biotechnology 16:203-210. Moya-Raygoza, G., and L. R. Nault. 1998. Transmission biology of maize bushy stunt phytoplasma by the corn leafhopper (Homoptera : Cicadellidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 91:668-676. Mozsar, J., and O. Viczian. 1996. Genotype effect on somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration of Vitis spp. Vitis 35:155-157. Mullins, M. G., A. Bouquet, and L. E. Williams. 1992. Biology of the grapevine. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Murphy, D. E. 2003. California grape rush of ’90s withers. New York Times, May 25. Musser, R. O., S. M. Hum-Musser, G. W. Felton, and R. C. Gergerich. 2003. Increased larval growth and preference for virus infected leaves by the Mexican bean beetle, Epilachna varivestis mulsant, a plant virus vector. Journal of Insect Behavior 16:247-256. National Academy of Sciences (NAS) 1968. Principles of Plant and Animal Pest Control. Vol. 4: Control of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes. Washington, D.C: NAS. National Research Council (NRC). 1968. Plant Disease Development and Control. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences. National Research Council (NRC). 1996. Ecologically Based Pest Management: New Solutions for a New Century. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press. National Research Council (NRC). 2003. Frontiers in Agricultural Research: Food, Health, Environment, and Communities. Washington, D.C: The National Academies Press Neuenschwander, P., T. Haug, O. Ajounu, H. Davis, B. Akinwumi, and E. Madojemu. 1989. Quality requirements in natural enemies used for inoculative release: Practical experience from a successful biological control programme. Journal of Applied Entomology 108:409-420.

138 RESEARCH PRIORITIES: PIERCE’S DISEASE Newman, K. L., R. P. P. Almeida, A. H. Purcell, and S. E. Lindow. 2003. Use of a green fluorescent strain for analysis of Xylella fastidiosa colonization of Vitis vinifera. Applied Environmental Microbiology 12:7319-7327. Newman, K. L., R. P. P. Almeida, A. H. Purcell, and S. E. Lindow. 2004. Cell- cell signaling controls Xylella fastidiosa interactions with both insects and plants. Proceedings of National Academies of Science 101:1737- 1742. Nunes, L. R., Y. B. Rosato, N. H. Muto, G. M. Yanai, V. S. da Silva, D. B. Leite, E. R. Goncalves, A. A. de Souza, H. D. Coletta-Filho, M. A. Machado, S. A. Lopes, and R. C. de Oliveira. 2003. Microarray analyses of Xylella fastidiosa provide evidence of coordinated transcription control of laterally transferred elements. Genome Research 13:570-578. Obrycki, J. J., L C. Lewis, and D. B. Orr. 1997. Augmentative releases of entomophagous species in annual cropping systems. Biological Control 10:30-36. Office of the President. 1999. Executive Order 13112, signed by President William J. Clinton on February 3. Ojanen-Reuhs, T., N. Kalkkinen, B. Westerlund-Wikstrom, J. van Doorn, K. Haahtela, E. L. Nurmiaho-Lassila, K. Wengelnik, U. Bonas, and T. K. Korhonen. 1997. Characterization of the fimA gene encoding bundle- forming fimbriae of the plant pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. Journal of Bacteriology 179:1280-1290. Osteen, C., L. J. Moffitt, and A. W. Johnson. 1988. Risk efficient action thresholds for nematode management. Journal of Production Agriculture 1:332-338. Overpeck, J. T., R. S. Webb, and T. Webb, III. 1992. Mapping eastern North American vegetation change over the past 18,000 years: No analogs and the future. Geology 20:1071-1074. Page, W. W., M. C. Smith, J. Holt, and D. Kyetere. 1999. Intercrops, Cicadulina spp., and maize streak virus disease. Annals of Applied Biology 135:385-393. Parrella, M. P., K. M. Heinz, and L. Nunney. 1992. Biological control through augmentative releases of natural enemies: A strategy whose time has come. American Entomology 38:172-179. Parsek, M.R., and P. K. Singh. 2003. Bacterial biofilms: an emerging link to disease pathogenesis. Annual Review of Microbiology 57:677-701. Parsek, M.R. and Greenberg E.P. 2000. Acyl-homoserine lactone quorum sensing in gram-negative bacteria: a signaling mechanism involved in associations with higher organisms. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 97: 8789- 8793. Paterka, G. J. 2002. Alternatives to conventional chemical insecticides for control of glassy-winged sharpshooter. Pp. 136-138 in: Proceedings of the Pierce’s Disease Research Symposium, December 15-18. San Diego, California. California Department of Food and Agriculture Paterka, G. J., and M. Reinke. 2003. Particle film, Surround WP, effects on Glassy-winged Sharpshooter behavior and its utility as a barrier to

REFERENCES 139 Sharpshooter infestations in grape. Plant Management Network. Available online at http://afrsweb.usda.gov/MGlenn/PaterkaPHP%20paterka03.pdf. [March, 2004]. Peek, A. S., V. Souza, L. E. Eguiarte and B. S. Gaut, 2001 The interaction of protein structure, selection, and recombination on the evolution of the type 1 fimbrial major subunit (fimA) from Escherichia coli. J. Mol. Evol. 52: 193–204. Peloquin, J. J., C. R. Lauzon, S. Potter and T. A. Miller. 2002. Transformed bacterial symbionts re-introduced to and detected in host gut. Current Microbiology 45: 41-45. Perl, A., and Y. Eshdat. 1998. DNA transfer and gene expression in transgenic grapes. Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Reviews 15:365-386. Perl, A., O. Lotan, M. Abu-Abied, and D. Holland. 1996. Establishment of an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system for Vitis vinifera L.– the role of antioxidants during grape-Agrobacterium interactions. Nature Biotechnology 14:624-628. Perring, C., M. Williamson, E. B. Barbier, D. Delfino, S. Dalmazzone, J. Shogren, P. Simmons, and A. Watkinson. 2002. Biological invasion risks and the public good: An economic perspective. Conservation Ecology 6(1):1. Perring, T. M., and C. Gispert. 2002. Epidemiology of Pierce’s disease in the Coachella Valley. Pp. 70-71 in: Pierce’s Disease Research Symposium. San Diego, CA:California Department of Food and Agriculture. Perring, T. M., C. A. Farrar, and M. J. Blua. 2001. Proximity to citrus influences Pierce’s disease in Temecula Valley. California Agriculture 55(4):13- 18. Peterson, A. G. 1973. Host plant and aster leafhopper relationships. Proceedings of the North Central Branch of Entomology Society of America 28:66- 70. Pfeiffer, D. G. 2002. Sharpshooters and Pierce’s Disease. Blacksburg, VA: Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Department of Entomology. Available online at www.ento.vt.edu/Fruitfiles/PDsharpshooters.html. Accessed on March 10, 2004. Phillips, P. A. 1999. GWSS-A serious new Pierce’s disease vector in California vineyards. Grape Grower 31(1):16,18,19,34. Pierce, N. B. 1892. The California vine disease. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Division of Vegetable Pathology, Bulletin No. 2. Washington, D.C. Pierce, N. B. 1905. The vineyard: Mr. Pierce and the Lenoir. Pacific Rural Press 69:79. Pimental, D., and L. Levitan. 1986. Pesticides: Amount applied and amount reaching pests. Bioscience 36:86-91. Pitre, H. N., and F. J. Boyd. 1970. A study of role of weeds in corn fields in epidemiology of corn stunt disease. Journal of Economic Entomology 63:195-197.

140 RESEARCH PRIORITIES: PIERCE’S DISEASE Ponder, K., R. J. Watson, M. Malone, J. Pritchard. 2002. Mineral content of excreta from the spittlebug Philaenus spumarius closely matches that of xylem sap. New Phytology 153:237-242. Power, A. G. 1987. Plant community diversity, herbivore movement, and an insect-transmitted disease of maize. Ecology 68:1658-1669. Power, A. G. 1990. Cropping systems, insect movement, and the spread of insect-transmitted diseases in crops. Pp. 47-69 in: Agroecology. Researching the Ecological Basis for Sustainable Agriculture, S. R. Gliessman, ed. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag. Power, A. G. 1992. Patterns of virulence and benevolence in insect-borne pathogens of plants. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 11:351-372. Power, P. M., L. F. Roddam, K. Rutter, S. Z. Fitzpatric, Y. N. Srikhanta, and M. P. Jennings. 2003. Genetic characterization of pilin glycosylation and phase variation in Neisseria meningitidis. Molecular Microbiology 49:833-847. Purcell, A. H. 1974. Spatial patterns of Pierce’s disease in the Napa Valley. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 25(3):162-167. Purcell, A. H. 1975. Role of the blue-green sharpshooter, Hordina circellata in the epidemiology of Pierce’s disease of grapevines. Environmental Entomology 4(5):745-752. Purcell, A. H. 1976. Seasonal changes in host plant preference of the blue-green sharpshooter Hordnia circellata (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Pan Pacific Entomology 52:33-37. Purcell, A. H. 1979. Leafhopper vectors of xylem-borne plant pathogens.Pp. 603-625 in: Leafhopper, Vectors, and Plant Disease Agents. K. Maramorosch, and K. F. Harris. New York, NY: Academic Press. Purcell, A. H. 1980. Environmental therapy for Pierce’s disease of grapevines. Plant Disease 64:388-390. Purcell, A. H. 1981. Vector preference and inoculation efficiency as components of resistance to Pierce's disease in European grape cultivars. Phytopathology 71:429-435. Purcell, A. H. 1988. Increased Survival of Dalbulus maidis, a specialist on maize, on nonhost plants infected with mollicute plant pathogens. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 46:187-196. Purcell, A. H., and A. H. Finlay. 1979. Evidence for noncirculative transmission of Pierce’s disease bacterium by sharpshooter leafhoppers. Phytopathology 69:393-395. Purcell, A. H., and N. W. Frazier. 1985. Habitats and dispersal of the leafhopper vectors of Pierce's disease in the San Joaquin Valley. Hilgardia 53(4):1- 32. Purcell, A. H., and D. L. Hopkins. 1996. Fastidious xylem-limited bacterial plant pathogens. Annual Review of Phytopathology 34:131-151. Purcell, A. H., and S. R. Saunders. 1999. Fate of Pierce’s disease strains of Xylella fastidiosa in common riparian plants in California. Plant Disease 83:825-830.

REFERENCES 141 Purcell, A., A. H. Finaly, and D. L. McClean. 1979. Pierce's disease bacterium: Mechanism of transmission by leafhopper vectors. Science 206:839- 841. Purcell, A. H., B. A. Latorre-Guzman, C. I. Kado, A. C. Goheen, and T. A. Shalla. 1977. Reinvestigation of the role of a Lactobacillus associated with leafhopper vectors of Pierce’s disease of grapevines. Phytopathology 67:293-301. Purcell, A. H., S. R. Saunders, M. Hendson, M. E. Grebus, and M. J. Henry. 1999. Causal role of Xylella fastidiosa in oleander leaf scorch disease. Phytopathology 89(1):53-58. Raju, B. C., A. C. Goheen, and N. W. Frazier. 1983. Occurrence of Pierce’s disease bacteria in plants and vectors in California. Phytopathology 73:1309-1313. Raju, B. C., S. F. Nome, D. M. Docampo, A. C. Goheen, G. Nyland, and S. K. Lowe. 1980. Alternative hosts of Pierce’s disease of grapevines that occur adjacent to grape growing areas in California. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 31:144-148. Raju, B. C., J. M. Wells, G. Nyland, R. H. Brlansky, and S. K. Lowe. 1982. Plum leaf scald: Isolation, culture and pathogenicity of the causal agent. Phytopathology 72:1460-1466. Real, L. A., E. A. Marshall, and B. M. Roche. 1992. Individual behavior and pollination ecology: Implications for the spread of sexually transmitted plant diseases. Pp. 525 in: Individual-based models and approaches in ecology, D. L. DeAngelis, and L. J. Gross, eds. New York, NY: Chapman and Hall. Redak, R. A., A. H. Purcell, J. R. S. Lopes, M. J. Blua, R. F. Mizell, and P. C. Andersen. 2004. The biology of xylem fluid feeding insect vectors of Xylella fastidiosa and their relation to disease epidemiology. Annual Review of Entomology 49:243-270. Reichelderfer, K. H. 1979. Economic feasibility of a biological control technology. Pp. 20 in: Using a parasitic wasp, Pediobius foveolatus, to manage Mexican bean beetle on soybean. U.S. Department of Agriculture ESCS, Agriculture Economics Report No. 430. Reichelderfer, K. H. 1981. Economic feasibility of biological control of crop pests. Pp. 403-417 in: Biological Control in Crop Production. BARC Symposium No. 5., G. C. Papavizas, ed. Allenheld: Osmun Publishers. Reisch, B.I., J. Kikkert, J. Vidal, G.S. Ali, D. Gadoury, R.C. Seem, and P. Wallace. 2003. Genetic transformation of Vitis vinifera to improve disease resistance. 1st International Symposium on Grapevine Growing, Commerce and Research - The future of grapevine production: Innovation or conservation of values? 30 June - 2 July 2003. Lisbon, Portugal. Resende, M. L. V., J. Flood, J. D. Ramsden, M. G. Rowan, M. H. Beale, and R. M. Cooper. 1996. Novel phytoalexins including elemental sulphur in the resistance of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) to verticillium wilt

142 RESEARCH PRIORITIES: PIERCE’S DISEASE (Verticillium dahliae Kleb.). Physioloy and Molecular Plant Pathology 48:347-359. Robb, J., A. T. Smith, and L. Busch. 1982. Wilts caused by Verticillium species. Canadian Journal of Botany 60:825-837. Roda, A. L., D. A. Landis, and M. L. Coggins. 1997. Forage grasses elicit emigration of adult potato leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) from alfalfa-grass mixtures. Environmental Entomology 26:745-753. Rojas, C. M., J. H. Ham, W. L. Deng, J. J. Doyle, and A. Collmer. 2002. HecA, a member of a class of adhesins produced by diverse pathogenic bacteria, contributes to the attachment, aggregation, epidermal cell killing, and virulence phenotypes of Erwinia chrysanthemi EC16 on Nicotiana clevelandii seedlings. Proceedings from National Academies of Science. 99:13142-13147. Roltsch, W. J., and S. H. Gage. 1990. Influence of bean tomato intercropping on population-dynamics of the potato leafhopper (Homoptera, Cicadellidae). Environmental Entomology 19:534-543. Roltsch, W. R., R. Hanna, H. Shorey, M. Mayse, and F. Zalom. 1998. Spiders and vineyard habitat relationships in central California. Pp. 311-338 in C. Pickett R. L. Bugg, eds., Enhancing biological control habitat management to promote natural enemies of agricultural pests. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. Root, R. B. 1973. Organization of a plant-arthropod association in simple and diverse habitats-fauna of collards (Brassica-Oleracea). Ecological Monographs 43:95-120. Root, T. L., J. T. Price, K. R. Hall, S. H. Schneider, C. Rosenzweig, and J. A. Pounds. 2003. Fingerprints of global warming on animals and plants. Nature 421:57-60. Rosenheim, J. A., M. W. Johnson, R. F. L. Mau, S. C. Welter, and B. E. Tabashnik. 1996. Biochemical preadaptations, founder events, and the evolution of resistance in arthropods. Journal of Economic Entomology 89:263-273. Rossi, A. M., B. D. Brodbeck, and D. R. Strong. 1996. Response of a xylem- feeding leafhopper to plant species and plant quality. Journal of Chemical Ecology 22:653-671. Russell, E. P. 1989. Enemies hypothesis-a review of the effect of vegetational diversity on predatory insects and parasitoids. Environmental Entomology 18:590-599. Salanoubat, M., S. Genin, F. Artiguenave, J. Gouzy, S. Mangenot, M. Arlat, A. Billault, P. Brottier, J. C. Camus, L. Cattolico, M. Chandler, N. Choisne, C. Claudel-Renard, S. Cunnac, N. Demange, C. Gaspin, M. Lavie, A. Moisan, C. Robert, W. Saurin, T. Schiex, P. Siguier, P. Thebault, M. Whalen, P. Wincker, M. Levy, J. Weissenbach, and C. A. Boucher. 2002. Genome sequence of the plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum. Nature 415:497-502. Sanford, L. L., J. M. Domek, W. W. Cantelo, R. S. Kobayashi, and S. Sinden. 1996. Mortality of potato leafhopper adults on synthetic diets

REFERENCES 143 containing seven glycoalkaloids synthesized in the foliage of various Solanum species. American Potato Journal 73(2):79-88. Saxena, K. N., and A. Basit. 1982. Interference with the establishment of the leafhopper Amrasca devastans on its host plants by certain nonhost plants. In: Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Insect Plant Relationships. Wageningen, Netherlands. Scarpari, L. M., M. R. Lambais, D. S. Silva, D. M. Carraro, and H. Carrer. 2003. Expression of putative pathogenicity-related genes in Xylella fastidiosa grown at low and high cell density conditions in vitro. FEMS Microbiology Letters 222:83-92. Scheirs, J., and L. De-Bruyn. 2002. Integrating optimal foraging and optimal oviposition theory in plant insect research. Oikos 96 1:187-191 Scheuerpflug, I., T. Rudel, R. Ryll, J. Pandit, and T. F. Meyer. 1999. Roles of PilC and PilE proteins in pilus-mediated adherence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitides to human erythrocytes and endothelial and epithelial cells. Infection and Immunology 67:834-843. Schneider, S. H., and T. Root. 1998. Climate Change. Status and trends of the nation’s biological resources, M. J. Mac, P. A. Opler, N. P. Haecker, and P. D. Doran, eds. Reston, VA: U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey. Schulze-Lefert, P., and J. Vogel. 2000. Closing the ranks to attack powdery mildew. Trends in Plant Science 5:343-348. Sefc, K. M., F. Lefort, M. S. Grando, K. D. Scott, H. Steinkellner, and M. R. Thomas. 2001. Genetically engineered grape for disease and stress tolerance. Pp. 433-464 in: Molecular Biology and Biotechnology of the Grapevine, K. A. Roubelakis-Angelakis, ed. Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Sequeira, L., Gaard, G., and deZoeten, G. A. 1977. Attachment of bacteria to host cell walls: Its relation to mechanisms of induced resistance. Physiol. Plant Pathol. 10:43-50. Severin, H. H. 1949. Transmission of the virus of Pierce's disease by leafhoppers. Hilgardia 19:190-202. Severin, H. H. P. 1947. Transmission of Virus of Pierce’s grapevine disease by spittle insects. Phytopathology 37:364-364. Sharov, A. A., and A. M. Liebhold. 1998. Bioeconomics of managing the spread of exotic pest species with barrier zones. Ecological Applications 8:833-845. Sherald, J. L. 2002. Bacterial leaf scorch of landscape trees. Center for Urban Ecology Information Bulletin. Sherald, J. L., S. S. Hearon, S. J. Kostka, and D. L. Morgan. 1983. Sycamore leaf scorch: Culture and pathogenicity of the fastidious xylem-limited bacteria from scorch-affected trees. Plant Disease 67:849-852. Sherald, J. L., J. M. Wells, S. S. Hurtt, and S. J. Kostka. 1987. Association of fastidious xylem-inhabiting bacteria with leaf scorch in red maple. Plant Disease 71:930-933.

144 RESEARCH PRIORITIES: PIERCE’S DISEASE Shockley, F. W., and E. A. Backus. 2002. Repellency to the Potato Leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) by Erect Glandular Trichomes on Alfalfa. Environmental Entomology 31(1):22–29. Sidhu, G. S., and G. S. Khush. 1978. Genetic analysis of brown planthopper resistance in 20 cultivars of rice oryzasativa. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 53(5):199-204. Siebert, J. 2001. Pp. 12 in: Economic impact of Pierce’s disease on the California grape industry. University of California, Berkeley, unpublished report. Simpson, A. J. G., F. C. Reinach, P. Arruda, F. A. Abreu, M. Acencio, R. Alvarenga, L. M. C. Alves, J. E. Araya, G. S. Baia, C. S. Baptista, M. H. Barros, E. D. Bonaccorsi, S. Bordin, J. M. Bove´, M. R. S. Briones, M. R. P. Bueno, A. A. Camargo, L. E. A. Camargo, D. M. Carraro, H. Carrer, N. B. Colauto, C. Colombo, F. F. Costa, M. C. R. Costa, C. M. Costa-Neto, L. L. Coutinho, M. Cristofani, E. Dias-Neto, C. Docena, H. El-Dorry, A. P. Facincani, A. J. S. Ferreira, V. C. A. Ferreira, J. A. Ferro, J. S. Fraga, S. C. Franc¸a, M. C. Franco, M. Frohme, L. R. Furlan, M. Garnier, G. H. Goldman, M. H. S. Goldman, S. L. Gomes, A. Gruber, P. L. Ho, J. D. Hoheisel, M. L. Junqueira, E. L. Kemper, J. P. Kitajima, J. E. Krieger, E. E. Kuramae, F. Laigret, M. R. Lambais, L. C. C. Leite, E. G. M. Lemos, M. V. F. Lemos, S. A. Lopes, C. R. Lopes, J. A. Machado, M. A. Machado, A. M. B. N. Madeira, H. M. F. Madeira, C. L. Marino, M. V. Marques, E. A. L. Martins, E. M. F. Martins, A. Y. Matsukuma, C. F. M. Menck, E. C. Miracca, C. Y. Miyaki, C. B. Monteiro-Vitorello, D. H. Moon, M. A. Nagai, A. L. T. O. Nascimento, L. E. S. Netto, A. Nhani, Jr., F. G. Nobrega, L. R. Nunes, M. A. Oliveira, M. C. de Oliveira, R. C. de Oliveira, D. A. Palmieri, A. Paris, B. R. Peixoto, G. A. G. Pereira, H. A. Pereira, Jr., J. B. Pesquero, R. B. Quaggio, P. G. Roberto, V. Rodrigues, A. J. de M. Rosa, V. E. de Rosa, Jr., R. G. de Sa´, R. V. Santelli, H. E. Sawasaki, A. C. R. da Silva, A. M. da Silva, F. R. da Silva, W. A. Silva, Jr., J. F. da Silveira, M. L. Z. Silvestri, W. J. Siqueira, A. A. de Souza, A. P. de Souza, M. F. Terenzi, D. Truffi, S. M. Tsai, M. H. Tsuhako, H. Vallada, M. A. Van Sluys, S. Verjovski-Almeida, A. L. Vettore, M. A. Zago, M. Zatz, J. Meidanis, and J. C. Setubal. 2000. The genome sequence of the plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa. Nature 406:151-157. Slater, H., A. Alvarez-Morales, C. E. Barber, M. J. Daniels, and J. M. Dow. 2000. A two-component system involving an HD-GYP domain protein links cell-cell signaling to pathogenicity gene expression in Xanthomonas campestris. Molecular Microbiology 38:986-1003. Smolka, M., D. Martins, F. Winck, C. Santoro, R. Castellari, F. Ferrari, I. Brum, E. Galembeck, H. D. Coletta-Filho, M. A. Machado, S. Marangoni, and J. Novello. 2003. Proteome analysis of the plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa reveals major cellular and extracellular proteins and a peculiar codon bias distribution. Proteometics 3:224-237.

REFERENCES 145 Soper, R. S. 1985. Pathogens of leafhoppers and planthoppers. Pp. 469-488 in: The Leafhoppers and Planthoppers, L. R. Nault, and J. G. Rodriguez, eds. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons. Sorensen, J. T., and R. J. Gill. 1996. A Range expansion of Homalodisca coagulata (Say) (Hemiptera: Cicadelidae) to southern California. Pan- Pacific Entomology 72:160-161. Spielman, A., J. C. Beier, and A. E. Kiszewski. 2001. Ecological and community considerations in engineering arthropods to suppress vector-borne disease. Pp. 315-329 in: Genetically Engineered Organisms: Assessing Environmental and Human Health Effects, D. K. Letourneau, and B. E. Burrows, eds. Boca Raton, NY: CRC Press. Splinter, W. E. 1968a. Air curtain nozzle developed for electro statically charging dusts. ASAE Transactions 11(4):487-490. Splinter, W. E. 1968b. Electrostatic charging of agricultural sprays. ASAE Transactions 11(4):491-495. Splinter, W. E. 1968c. Effects of electrostatic charging on spray patterns. Pp. 15 in: ASAE Paper No. 68-616, ASAE. St. Joseph, MI State of California. 2001. Assembly Bill No. 1394, Chapter 103. Approved, 25 July. Sacramento, CA: State of California Legislature. Sticher, L., B. Mauch-Mani, and J. P. Metraux. 1997. Systemic acquired resistance. Annual Review of Phytopathology 35:235-270. Stiling, P. 1994. Interspecific interactions and community structure in planthoppers and leafhoppers. Pp. 449-516 in: Planthoppers. Their Ecology and Management, R. F. Denno, and T. J. Perfect, eds. London, UK: Chapman & Hall. Sutton, J. C., and G. Peng. 1993. Manipulation and vectoring of biocontrol organisms to manage foliage and fruit diseases in cropping systems. Annual Review of Phytopathology 31:473-493. Talboys, P. W. 1968. Water deficits in vascular disease. Pp. 255-311 in: Water Deficits and Plant Growth. T. T. Kozlowski, ed. New York, NY: Academic Press. Tauber, M. J., C. A. Tauber, K. M. Daane, and K. S. Hagen. 2000. Commercialization of predators: Recent lessons from green lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysoperla). American Entomology 46:26-38. Thies, C., and T. Tscharntke. 1999. Landscape structure and biological control in agroecosystems. Science 285:893-895. Thomas, M., and N. N. Scott. 1993. Microsatellite repeats in grapevine reveal DNA polymorphisms when analysed as sequence-tagged sites (STSs). Theoretical and Applied Genetics 86:985-990. Thomson, S. V., M. J. Davis, J. W. Kloepper, and A. H. Purcell. 1978. Alfalfa dwarf: Relationship of the bacterium causing Pierce’s disease of grapevine and almond leaf scorch disease. Proceedings Third International Congressional Plant Pathology Munich, West Germany 3:65.

146 RESEARCH PRIORITIES: PIERCE’S DISEASE Timmer, L. W., R. H. Brlansky, R. F. Lee, and B. C. Raju. 1981. A fastidious xylem-limited bacterium infecting ragweed. Phytopathology 73:975- 979. Tingey, W. M., and J. E. Laubengayer. 1981. Defense against the green peach aphid and potato leafhopper by glandular trichomes of Solanum berthaultii. Journal of Economic Entomology74:721. Toba, H. H., A. N. Kishaba, G. W. Bohn, and H. Hield. 1977. Protecting muskmelons against aphid-borne viruses. Phytopathology 67:1418- 1423. Todd, J. L., P. L. Phelan, and L. R. Nault. 1990. Interaction between visual and olfactory stimuli during hostfinding by leafhopper Dalbulus maidis (Homoptera Cicadellidae). Journal of Chemical Ecology 16(7):2121- 2134. Tomasino, S. F., R. T. Leister, R. M. Dimock, R. M. Beach, and J. L. Kelly. 1995. Field performance of Clavibacter xyli supsp. cynodontis expressing the insecticidal protein gene cryIA of Bacillus thuringiensis agianst European corn borer in field corn. Biological Control 3:442-448. Tomizawa, M., and J. E. Casida. 2003. Selective toxicity of neonicotinoids attributable to specificity of insect and mammalian nicotinic receptors. Annual Review of Entomology 48:339-364. Tonhasca, A. 1994. Response of soybean herbivores to two agronomic practices increasing agroecosystem diversity. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment 48:57-65. Tonhasca, A., and D. N. Byrne. 1994. The effects of crop diversification on herbivorous insects-a metaanalysis approach. Ecological Entomology 19:239-244. Torregrosa, L. 1998. A simple and efficient method to obtain stable embryogenic cultures from anthers of Vitis vinifera L. Vitis 37:91-92. Toscano, N., and S. J. Castle. 2002. Laboratory and field evaluations of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam against GWSS on citrus and grapes. Pp. 141-142 in: Proceedings of the Pierce’s Disease Research Symposium, December 15-18. San Diego, California. California Department of Food and Agriculture. Toscano, N., N. Prabhaker, F. Byrne, and S. Castle. 2002. Chemical control of glassy-winged sharpshooter. Pp. 139-140 in: Establishment of baseline toxicity and development of monitoring techniques for detection of early resistance to insecticides. Pierce’s Disease Research Symposium. San Diego, CA: California Department of Food and Agriculture. Triapitsyn, S. V. 2003. Taxonomic notes on the genera and species of Trichogrammatidae (Hymenoptera)-egg parasitoids of the Proconiine sharpshooters (Hemiptera: Clypeorrhyncha: Cicadellidae: Proconiine) in southeastern USA. Transactions of the American Entomology Society 129:245-265. Triapitsyn, S. V., and M. S. Hoddle. 2002. Search for and collect egg parasitoids of Glassy-winged Sharpshooter in southeastern USA and northeastern Mexico. Pp. 94-94 in: Proceedings of the Pierce’s Disease Research

REFERENCES 147 Symposium, December 15-18. San Diego, California. California Department of Food and Agriculture. Triapitsyn, S. V., and P. A. Phillips. 2000. First record of Gonatocerus triguttatus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) from eggs of Homalodisca coagulata (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) with notes on the distribution of the host. Florida Entomology 83:200-203. Triapitsyn, S. V., Bezark, L. G., and Morgan, D. J. W. 2002a. Re-discription of Gonatocerus atriclavus Girault (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), with notes on other egg parasitoids of sharpshooters (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Proconiini) in northeastern Mexico. Pan-Pacific Entomology 78:34-42. Triapitsyn, S. V., M. S. Hoddle, and D. J. W. Morgan. 2002b. A new distribution and host record for Gonatocerus triguttatus in Florida, with notes on Acmopolynema sema (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Florida Entomology 85:654-655. Triapitsyn, S. V., R. F. Mizell III., J. L. Bossart, and C. Carlton. 1998. Egg parasitoids of Homalodisca coagulata (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Florida Entomology 81:241-243. Triapitsyn, S. V., D. J. W. Morgan, M. S. Hoddle, and V. V. Berezovshiy. 2003. Observations on the biology of Gonatocerus fasciatus Girault (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), egg parasitoid of Acmopolynema sema (Say) and Oncometopia orbona (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Clypeorrhncha: Cicadellidae). Pan-Pacific Entomology 79:75-76. Turner, W. F., and H. N. Pollard. 1959. Life histories and behavior of five insect vectors of phony peach disease. Technical Bulletin of the United States Department of Agriculture 1188:28. Tyree, M. T., and J. S. Sperry. 1989. Vulnerability of xylem to cavitation and embolism. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology 40:19-38. Tyson, G. E., B. J. Stojanovic, R. T. Kuklinski, T. J. Di Vittorio, and M. L. Sullivan. 1985. Scanning electron microscopy of Pierce’s disease bacterium in petiolar xylem of grape leaves. Phytopathology 75:264- 269. U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS). 2001. Scientists sharpen strategies to sabotage GWSS. Agricultural Research 49(11). Available online at: www.ars.usda.gov/is/AR/archive/nov01/sharp1101.pdf [March 2004]. U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS). 2002. San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center. Parlier, CA: U.S Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service. Available online at http://fresno.ars.usda.gov/ [March 2004]. U.S. Department of Agriculture-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA-APHIS). 2002. Glassy-winged sharpshooter and Pierce’s disease in California. APHIS Fact sheet, Dec. Available online at: www.aphis.usda.gov/lpa/pubs/fsheet_faq_notice/fs_phglassy.pdf. Accessed on March 10, 2004.

148 RESEARCH PRIORITIES: PIERCE’S DISEASE University of British Columbia. 2004. Wine research centre launches quest for a better grape. Media Advisory, Februrary, 14, 2004. Available online at http://www.publicaffairs.ubc.ca/media/releases/2004/mr-04-012.html [October 2004]. University of California. 2000. Riparian vegetation management for Pierce’s disease in north coast California vineyards. Berkeley, CA: University of California, College of Natural Resources. University of California. 2003. Xylella fastidiosa. Berkeley, CA: University of California. Available online at: www.cnr.berkeley.edu/xylella/index.html. [March 2004]. University of California Cooperative Extension. 2001. Sample costs to establish an almond orchard and produce almonds. University of California Cooperative Extension. 2002. GWSS experts assert efficiency of yellow sticky traps. GWSS Update, 11 May. Davis, CA: University of California. University of California Cooperative Extension. 2003a. Pilot project studies field efficacy of GWSS parasitoids. GWSS Update, 26 July. Davis, CA: University of California. Available online at : http://cekern.ucdavis.edu/newsletterfiles/newsletter667.htm [March 2004]. University of California Cooperative Extension. 2003b. A successful role model: Kern’s GWSS pilot project. Kern/Tulare GWSS Update, 2 May. Davis, CA: University of California. Available online at: http://cekern.ucdavis.edu/newsletterfiles/newsletter667.htm [March 2004]. University of California, Riverside. 2003. The glassy-winged sharpshooter. Riverside, CA: University of California, Riverside, Office of Media Relations. Available online at: http://info.ucr.edu/gwss/#situation. Accessed March 5, 2004. van den Heuvel, J., S. A. Hogenhout, and F. van der Wilk. 1999. Recognition and receptors in virus transmission by arthropods. Trends in Microbiology 7:71-76. Van Driesche, R. G., and T. S. Bellows, Jr. 1996. Biological Control. New York, NY: Chapman & Hall. van Lenteren, J. C., M. M. Roskam, and R. Timmer. 1997. Commercial mass production and pricing of organisms for biological control of pests in Europe. Biological Control 10:143-149. Van Sluys, M. A., M. C. de Oliveira, C. B. Monteiro-Vitorello, C. Y. Miyaki, L. R. Furlan, L. E. A. Camargo, A. C. R. da Silva, D. H. Moon, M. A. Takita, E. G. M. Lemos, M. A. Machado, M. I. T. Ferro, F. R. da Silva, M. H. S. Goldman, G. H. Goldman, M. V. F. Lemos, H. El-Dorry, S. M. Tsai, H. Carrer, D. M. Carraro, R. C. de Oliveira, L. R. Nunes, W. J. Siqueira, L. L. Coutinho, E. T. Kimura, E. S. Ferro, R. Harakava, E. E. Kuramae, C. L. Marino, E. Giglioti, I. L. Abreu, L. M. C. Alves, A. M. do Amaral, G. S. Baia, S. R. Blanco, M. S. Brito, F. S. Cannavan, A. V. Celestino, A. F. da Cunha, R. C. Fenille, J. A. Ferro, E. F. Formighieri,

REFERENCES 149 L. T. Kishi, S. G. Leoni, A. R. Oliveira, V. E. Rosa Jr., F. T. Sassaki, J. A. D. Sena, A. A. de Souza, D. Truffi, F. Tsukumo, G. M. Yanai, L. G. Zaros, E. L. Civerolo, A. J. G. Simpson, N. F. Almeida Jr., J. C. Setubal, and J. P. Kitajima. 2003. Comparative analyses of the complete genome sequence of Pierce’s disease and citrus variegated chlorosis strains of Xylella fastidiosa. Journal of Bacteriology 185(3):1018-1026. Van Sluys, M. A., C. B. Monteiro-Vitorello, L. E. Camargo, C. F. Menck, A. C. da Silva, J. A. Ferro, M. C. Oliveira, J. C. Setubal, J. P. Kitajima, and A. J. Simpson. 2002. Comparative genomic analysis of plant-associated bacteria. Annual Review of Phytopathology 40:169-189. Vidal, J., J. Kikkert, P. G. Wallace, and B. I. Reisch. 2001. High-efficiency biolistic co-transformation and regeneration of ‘Chardonnay’ (Vitis vinifera L.) containing npt-II and antimicrobial peptide genes. Plant Cell Report 22:252-260. Vidaver, A. K. 1981. Bacteriocin-producing bacteria for biological control of bacterial plant pathogens. Pp. 329-334 in: CRC Handbook of Pest Management in Agriculture. Vol. II., D. Pimentel, ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. Vivier, M. A., and I. S. Pretorius. 2002. Genetically tailored grapevines for the wine industry. Trends in Biotechnology 20:472-478. Wajnberg, E., J. K. Scott, and P. C. Quimby. 2001. Evaluating Indirect Ecological Effects of Biological Control. Wallingford, UK: CABI Publishing. Walker, M.A., J. A. Wolpert, and E. Weber. 1994. Field screening of grape rootstock selections for resistance to fanleaf degeneration. Plant Disease 78(2):134-136. Waterhouse, D. F., and D. P. A. Sands. 2001. Pp. 560 in: Classical Biological Control of Arthropods in Australia. ACIAR Monograph No. 77. Canberra, Australia: CSIRO Publishing. Wei, L. Y., and M. A. Brooks. 1979. Aseptic rearing of the aster leafhopper, Macrosteles fascifrons (Stal), on a chemically defined diet. Experientia 35:476-477. Weimer, J. L. 1936. Alfalfa dwarf, a virus disease transmissible by grafting. J. Agric. Res. 53: 333-347. Weimer, J. L. 1931. Alfalfa dwarf, a hitherto unreported disease. Phytopathology 21: 71-75. Wells, J. M., B. C. Raju, H. Y. Hung, W. G. Weisburg, L. Mandelco-Paul, and D. J. Brenner. 1987. Xylella fastidiosa gen. nov., sp. nov: Gram- negative, xylem-limited, fastidious plant bacteria related to Xanthomonas spp. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 37:136-143. Wells, J. M., B. C. Raju, and G. Nyland. 1983. Isolation, culture and pathogenicity of the bacterium causing phony disease of peach. Phytopathology 73:859-862.

150 RESEARCH PRIORITIES: PIERCE’S DISEASE Wells, J. M., B. C. Raju, G. Nyland, and S. K. Lowe. 1981. Medium for the isolation and growth of the bacteria associated with plum leaf scald and phony peach disease. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 42:357-363. Welsh, A. M., A. S. Fredrickson, V. Quan and S. Powell. 2000. Pp. 71 in: Dislodgeable foliar residues following reduced-volume and conventional Myclobutanil application on grapes HS-1760, California Department of Agriculture. Wen, F., and R. M. Lister. 1991. Heterologous encapsidation in mixed infections among 4 isolates of barley yellow dwarf virus. Journal of General Virology 72:2217-2223. Wen, F., R. M. Lister, and F. A. Fattouh. 1991. Cross protection among strains of barley yellow dwarf virus. Journal of General Virology 72:791-799. Wheelis, M., R. Casagrande, and L. V. Madden. 2002. Biological attack on agriculture: Low-tech, high-impact bioterrorism. BioScience 32:569- 576. Whipps, J. M., and K. G. Davies. 2000. Success in biological control of plant pathogens and nematodes by microorganisms. Pp. 231-269 in: Biological Control: Measures of Success, G. Gurr, and S. Wratten, eds. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Wichman, R. L., and D. L. Hopkins. 2002. Differentiation of pathogenic groups of Xylella fastidiosa strains with whole-cell protein profiles. Plant Disease 86:875-879. Winstrom, C.W. and A. Purcell. 2002. Fate of Xylella fastidiosa in alternative hosts. In Proceedings, Pierce’s Disease Research Symposium, M. Athar Tariq, S. Oswalt, P. Blincoe and T. Esser, Eds, December 15-18, 2002, San Diego, California, California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, CA. Wiklund, C. 1975. The evoluntionary relationship between adult oviposition preferences and larva host plant range in Papilio machaon L. Oecologia 18:185-197. Wilson, C. L., and M. E. Wisniewski. 1989. Biological control of post harvest diseases of fruits and vegetables: An emerging technology. Annual Review of Phytopathology 27:425-441. Wisler, G. C., and J. E. Duffus. 2000. A century of plant virus management in the Salinas Valley of California, 'East of Eden'. Virus Research 71:161- 169. Wright, D. J., and R. H. J. Verkerk. 1995. Integration of chemical and biological control systems for arthropods: Evaluation in a multitrophic context. Pesticide Science 44:207-218. Xie, G., C. A. Bonner, T. Brettin, R. Gottardo, N. O. Keyhani, and R. A. Jensen. 2003. Lateral gene transfer and ancient paralogy of operons containing redundant copies of tryptophan-pathway genes in Xylella species and in heterocystous cyanobacteria. Genome Biology 4:R14. Available on line at http://genomebiology.com/2003/4/2/R14 [March 2004].

REFERENCES 151 Young, S. A., A. Guo, J. A. Guikema, F. F. White, and J. E. Leach. 1995. Rice cationic peroxidase accumulates in xylem vessels during incompatible interactions with Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Plant Physiology 107(4):1333-1341. Zangerl, A. R., J. G. Hamilton, T. J. Miller, A. R. Crofts, K. Oxborough, M. R. Berenbaum, and E. H. de Lucia. 2002. Impact of folivory on photosynthesis is greater than the sum of its holes. Proceedings of the National Academies of Science 99(2):1088-1091. Zeddies, J., R. P. Schaab, P. Neuenschwander, and H. R. Herren. 2001. Economies of biological control of cassava mealybug in Africa. Agricultural Economy 24:209-219. Zhang, X. S., J. Holt, and J. Colvin. 2000. A general model of plant virus disease infection incorporating vector aggregation. Plant Pathology 49:435-444. Zhou, X., C. W. Hoy, S. A. Miller, and L. R. Nault. 2002. Spatially explicit simulation of aster yellows epidemics and control on lettuce. Ecological Modeling 151:293-307. Zimmermann, M. H. 1983. Xylem structure and the ascent of sap. New York, NY: Springer

Next: Appendix A Committee Biographies »
California Agricultural Research Priorities: Pierce's Disease Get This Book
×
 California Agricultural Research Priorities: Pierce's Disease
Buy Paperback | $48.00 Buy Ebook | $38.99
MyNAP members save 10% online.
Login or Register to save!
Download Free PDF

The glassy-winged sharpshooter is one of the more recent invasive pests to afflict California agriculture. The insect transmits a bacterial pathogen that causes Pierce's disease, which has impaired production of wine, table, and raisin grapes in California. The report recommends strengthening the process and the priorities for research funded by state agencies and wine industry groups to address Pierce's disease and its vector. Research should be focused on identifying feasible options for controlling the spread of the disease and providing sustainable approaches that are adaptable and affordable over the long term. Several avenues of research be pursued more intensely including the genetic makeup of the pathogen that triggers Pierce's disease, understanding the mechanisms that make grapes resistant to the disease, the possibilities of introducing predator enemies to the sharpshooter, and new ways to manage the planting of crops to help avoid spread of the disease.

READ FREE ONLINE

  1. ×

    Welcome to OpenBook!

    You're looking at OpenBook, NAP.edu's online reading room since 1999. Based on feedback from you, our users, we've made some improvements that make it easier than ever to read thousands of publications on our website.

    Do you want to take a quick tour of the OpenBook's features?

    No Thanks Take a Tour »
  2. ×

    Show this book's table of contents, where you can jump to any chapter by name.

    « Back Next »
  3. ×

    ...or use these buttons to go back to the previous chapter or skip to the next one.

    « Back Next »
  4. ×

    Jump up to the previous page or down to the next one. Also, you can type in a page number and press Enter to go directly to that page in the book.

    « Back Next »
  5. ×

    To search the entire text of this book, type in your search term here and press Enter.

    « Back Next »
  6. ×

    Share a link to this book page on your preferred social network or via email.

    « Back Next »
  7. ×

    View our suggested citation for this chapter.

    « Back Next »
  8. ×

    Ready to take your reading offline? Click here to buy this book in print or download it as a free PDF, if available.

    « Back Next »
Stay Connected!