INTERNATIONAL POLAR YEAR 2007–2008
REPORT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION WORKSHOP
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, D.C.
www.nap.edu
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
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NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
Support for this project was provided with institutional funds from the National Academies.
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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Wm. A. Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts and Dr. Wm. A. Wulf are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.
WORKSHOP STEERING COMMITTEE
ROBIN BELL, Chair,
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory-Columbia University, Palisades, New York
MARY ALBERT,
Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, New Hampshire
DAVID BROMWICH,
The Ohio State University, Columbus
RICHARD GLENN,
Arctic Slope Regional Corporation, Barrow, Alaska
DAVID KARL,
University of Hawaii, Honolulu
PETER SCHLOSSER,
Columbia University, Palisades, New York
PHILIP M. SMITH,
Science Policy and Management, Santa Fe, New Mexico
DOUGLAS WIENS,
Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
WARREN M. ZAPOL,
Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston
NRC Staff
CHRIS ELFRING, Director,
Polar Research Board
PAUL CUTLER, Senior Program Officer,
Polar Research Board
SHELDON DROBOT, Study Director,
Polar Research Board
RACHAEL SHIFLETT, Senior Program Assistant,
Polar Research Board
POLAR RESEARCH BOARD
ROBIN BELL, Chair,
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, New York
MARY ALBERT,
Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, New Hampshire
GEORGE DENTON,
University of Maine, Orono
RICHARD GLENN,
Arctic Slope Regional Corporation, Barrow, Alaska
JACQUELINE GREBMEIER,
University of Tennessee, Knoxville
HENRY P. HUNTINGTON,
Huntington Consulting, Eagle River, Alaska
DAVID KARL,
University of Hawaii, Honolulu
MAHLON C. KENNICUTT II,
Texas A&M University, College Station (ex officio)
W. BERRY LYONS,
Byrd Polar Research Center, Columbus, Ohio
JOHN WALSH,
University of Alaska, Fairbanks
PATRICK WEBBER,
Michigan State University, East Lansing (ex officio)
TERRY WILSON,
The Ohio State University, Columbus (ex officio)
WARREN ZAPOL,
Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
NRC Staff
CHRIS ELFRING, Director,
Polar Research Board
PAUL CUTLER, Senior Program Officer,
Polar Research Board
SHELDON DROBOT, Program Officer,
Polar Research Board
RACHAEL SHIFLETT, Senior Program Assistant,
Polar Research Board
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This workshop report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council’s Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this report:
Scott Borg, National Science Foundation
David Cairns, Texas A&M University
Frank Carsey, National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Igor Krupnik, Smithsonian Institution
Although the reviewers listed above have provided constructive comments and suggestions, they did not see the final draft of the summary before its release. The review of this report was overseen by Irene Peden of the University of Washington. Appointed by the National Research Council, she was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the authoring committee and the institution.