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Radiative Forcing of Climate Change: Expanding the Concept and Addressing Uncertainties (2005)
Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (BASC)

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. "Front Matter." Radiative Forcing of Climate Change: Expanding the Concept and Addressing Uncertainties. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2005.

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Radiative Forcing of Climate Change: Expanding the Concept and Addressing Uncertainties

4

  

RETHINKING THE GLOBAL RADIATIVE FORCING CONCEPT

  

83
   

 The Current Concept,

  

83
   

 Global Mean Radiative Forcing with Adjusted Tropospheric Temperatures,

  

87
   

 Global Mean Radiative Forcing at the Surface,

  

89
   

 Regional Radiative Forcing,

  

92
   

 Regional Nonradiative Forcing,

  

93
   

 Ocean Heat Content,

  

98

5

  

UNCERTAINTIES ASSOCIATED WITH FUTURE CLIMATE FORCINGS

  

100
   

 Future Emissions of Greenhouse Gases and Aerosols,

  

100
   

 Solar Variability,

  

113
   

 Land-Use and Land-Cover Change,

  

113
   

 Abrupt Climate Change,

  

115

6

  

RESEARCH APPROACHES TO FURTHERING UNDERSTANDING

  

117
   

 Observations of Radiative Forcing and Response,

  

117
   

 Laboratory and Process Studies for Aerosols,

  

132
   

 Atmospheric Reanalysis and Data Assimilation,

  

133
   

 Relating Concentrations of Greenhouse Gases and Aerosols to Sources,

  

134
   

 Climate Forcing and Response over Earth’s History,

  

138
   

 Climate Models,

  

140

7

  

RECOMMENDATIONS

  

144
   

 Expanding the Radiative Forcing Concept,

  

145
   

 Addressing Key Uncertainties,

  

148
   

 Improving the Observational Record,

  

152
   

 Addressing Policy Needs,

  

155

 

  

REFERENCES

  

159

 

  

APPENDIXES

  

 

A

  

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS AND STAFF

  

191

B

  

STATEMENT OF TASK

  

197

C

  

GLOSSARY AND ACRONYMS

  

198
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