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Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants (2005)

Chapter: Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
×

D
DESCRIPTIVE TABLES OF CANCER STUDIES

This appendix contains two tables that describe the studies used in Chapter 4 (on cancer). Table D.1 provides information on cohort studies related to exposures to fuels and combustion products, and Table D.2 provides information on case-control studies. The studies are referred to repeatedly in Chapter 4. For each study, the following information is provided: a description of the study population, the number of subjects in the study group, how the type of cancer was determined, how exposure was assessed, what type of analysis was conducted, and which potential confounders were adjusted for.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
×

TABLE D.1 Description of Cohort Studies Related to Exposure to Fuels and Combustion Products

Reference

Population

Study Group

Health-Outcome Assessment

Exposure Assessment

Analysis, Adjustment for Potential Confounders

Imperial Oil Cohort

Hanis et al. 1979

Mortality experience (1964–1973) of male Imperial Oil workers (at least 1 yr for active workers; at least 5 yrs for inactive workers) in Canada; internal comparison of refinery and non-refinery workers

15,032; 5,731 refinery, 9,301 non-refinery

Vital status followed through provincial registrars, Statistics Canada

Job titles classified as in or outside refinery work

RR; age

Schnatter et al. 1992

Mortality experience (1964–1983) of Imperial Oil workers (at least 1 yr) in Canada; external comparison with Canadian general population

34,597

Vital status followed through Statistics Canada, internal data sources, NDI

Company employment in 11 operating segments and HC exposure assigned by industrial hygienists on basis of detailed work histories

SMR; sex, age, calendar period

Schnatter et al. 1993

Mortality experience (1964–1983) of male Imperial Oil petroleum-marketing and distribution workers (at least 1 yr) in Canada; external comparison with Canadian general population

6,672

Vital status followed through Statistics Canada, internal data sources, NDI

HC exposure frequency assigned by industrial hygienists based on basis of detailed work histories

SMR; sex, age, calendar period

Schnatter et al. 1996

Nested cases of lymphohematopoietic malignancies among Imperial Oil workers (at least 1 yr) in Canada; internal controls selected from males in cohort, matched 4:1 on age and were alive at case date of death

14 leukemia

7 MM

8 NHL

Cause of death on death certificates coded by Statistics Canada

Company employment in 11 operating segments and HC exposure assigned by industrial hygienists on basis of detailed work histories

Mantel-Haenszel OR; age, smoking, family cancer history, frequency of chest x rays

Lewis et al. 2000

Mortality experience (1964–1994) of Imperial Oil workers (at least 1 yr in 1964–1983) in Canada; external comparison with Canadian general population

34,560

Vital status followed through Statistics Canada, internal data sources, NDI

Company employment in 11 operating segments and presumed HC exposure derived from job titles

SMR; sex, age, calendar period

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
×

Reference

Population

Study Group

Health-Outcome Assessment

Exposure Assessment

Analysis, Adjustment for Potential Confounders

Lewis et al. 2003

Incidence and mortality experience (1964–1994) of Imperial Oil workers (at least 1 yr, first hire in 1964–1994) in Canada; external comparison with Canadian general population

25,292

Vital status and cancer incidence followed through Statistics Canada, internal data sources, NDI

Similar exposure-group codes developed by industrial hygienist from detailed work histories

SIR, and SMR; sex, age, calendar period

Mobil Oil Cohort

Raabe et al. 1998

Mortality experience (1946–1987) of Mobil Oil employees (at least 1 yr in 1945–1987) in Beaumont, Texas; external comparison with US general population

7,119

Vital status followed through company records, Pension Benefits Information Inc., SSA, NDI

Company employment; two job categories assigned on basis of job title

SMR; age, sex, race, calendar period

Rosamilia et al. 1999

Cases of lung cancer and controls in cohort of Mobil Oil employees (at least 1 yr in 1946–1987) in Beaumont, Texas

112 cases, 490 controls

Vital status followed through company records, Pension Benefits Information Inc., SSA, NDI

Four job categories assigned from work-history records

OR (nested case-control); age, race, smoking, prior job assignments

Wong et al. 2001

Mortality experience (1946–1996) of Mobil Oil employees (at least 1 yr in 1945–1996) in Beaumont, Texas; external comparison with US general population

7,543

Vital status followed through company records, Pension Benefits Information Inc., SSA, NDI

Company employment; two job categories assigned on basis of job title

SMR; age, sex, race, calendar period

Texaco Mortality Study

Divine et al. 1985

Mortality experience (1947–1977) of white male Texaco refinery, petrochemical-plant, and research laboratory workers (at least 5 yrs) in the US; external comparison with US white male population

19,077

Vital status followed through company records, SSA

Company employment

SMR; race, sex

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
×

Reference

Population

Study Group

Health-Outcome Assessment

Exposure Assessment

Analysis, Adjustment for Potential Confounders

Divine and Barren 1986

Mortality experience (1947–1977) of white male Texaco refinery, petrochemical-plant, and research-laboratory workers (at least 5 years) in the US; external comparison with US white male population

18,798

Vital status followed through company records, SSA

Company employment; job or process unit determined from work histories

SMR; race, sex

Divine et al. 1999a

Mortality experience (1947–1993) of Texaco refinery, petrochemical plant, and research laboratory workers (at least 5 yrs) in the US; external comparison with US general population

28,480

Vital status followed through company records, SSA, NDI, HCFA

Company employment; job or process unit determined from work histories

SMR; race, sex

Divine et al. 1999b

Mortality experience (1947–1993) of Texaco refinery, petrochemical-plant, and research lab workers (at least 5 yrs) in the US; external comparison with US general population

28,480

Vital status followed through company records, SSA, NDI, HCFA

Company employment; job or process unit determined from work histories

SMR; race, sex

Italian Oil Refinery Cohort

Bertazzi et al. 1989

Mortality experience (1949–1982) of male workers (ever employed) at refinery near Milan, Italy; external comparison with national and local (Lombardy region) male populations

1,595

Vital status followed through Population Statistics Office

Company employment in 29 occupation units determined from work histories

SMR; age, sex, calendar time

Consonni et al. 1999

Mortality experience (1949–1991) of male workers (ever employed in 1949–1982) at refinery near Milan, Italy; external comparison with local (Lombardy region) male population

1,583

Vital status followed through Population Statistics Office

Company employment in 29 occupation units determined from work histories

SMR; age, sex, calendar time

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
×

Reference

Population

Study Group

Health-Outcome Assessment

Exposure Assessment

Analysis, Adjustment for Potential Confounders

ACS Cancer Prevention Study II

Boffetta et al. 1988

Mortality experience (1982–1984) of male subjects, 40–79 yr old, enrolled in ACS Cancer Prevention Study II

461,981

Follow up through personal contact; death certificates obtained from state health departments

Self-administered questionnaire at baseline assessed current, last, and longest-held occupations, exposure to 12 groups of substances

RR; age, smoking factors, other occupational exposures

Pope et al. 1995

Mortality experience (1982–1998) of subjects, at least 30 yr old with one household resident at least 45 yr old, enrolled in ACS Cancer Prevention Study II

552,138

Follow up through personal contact (through 1988) with death certificates obtained from state health departments; record linkage with NDI (through 1989)

Mean concentrations of sulfate and fine-particle air pollution provided by EPA databases

RR; age, sex, race, cigarette-smoking, exposure to passive cigarette-smoking, BMI, drinks per day of alcohol, education, occupational exposure

Pope et al. 2002

Mortality experience (1982–1998) of subjects, at least 30 yr old with one household resident at least 45 yr old, enrolled in ACS Cancer Prevention Study II

About 500,000 (number of subjects depends on pollution index used)

Follow up through personal contact (through 1988) with death certificates obtained from state health departments; record linkage with NDI (through 1998)

Mean concentrations of air pollution (PM, sulfate, SO2, NO2) provided by EPA databases

RR; age, sex, race, smoking, education, marital status, body mass, alcohol consumption, occupational exposure, diet

Other Cohorts

Abbey et al. 1999

Mortality experience (1977–1992) of nonsmoking, white, Seventh Day Adventist residents of California who had lived at least 10 yr within 5 mi of current residence

6,338

Vital status followed through record linkage with California death-certificate files (1977–1992), NDI (1979–1992), church records

Monthly estimates of ambient concentrations of air pollutants (PM10, SO2, NO2) provided by fixed-site monitoring stations maintained by CARB provided

RR; sex, years of education, pack-years of past smoking, alcohol use

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
×

Reference

Population

Study Group

Health-Outcome Assessment

Exposure Assessment

Analysis, Adjustment for Potential Confounders

Boffetta et al. 2001

Incidence experience (1971–1989) of occupationally active (1960 and 1970 censuses; excluding farmers) residents of Sweden; internal comparisons made across exposure intensities and probabilities; external comparison to Swedish general population

55,883 total exposed cancer cases

Follow up for incidence through Swedish Cancer Register; vital status tracked through national Register of Causes of Death

Job and industry titles classified for probability and intensity of exposure to diesel-engine emissions

SIR, sex, age, calendar year RR; age, calendar period, geographic region, urban or rural residence

Borgia et al. 1994

Mortality experience (1965–1988) of male taxi drivers (registered in 1950–1975) in Rome, Italy

2,311

Vital status tracked through local registry office or through record linkage with national or regional mortality files

Taxi drivers registered in Rome

SMR; age, calendar period

Chow et al. 1994

Incidence experience (1961–1979) of stomach cancer in occupationally active (1960 census) Swedish men; external comparison with Swedish general population

16,872 cases

Cancer incidence tracked through Swedish Cancer-Environmental Registry which links census data to Swedish Cancer Registry

Occupation and industry codes from census data

SIR; age, sex, region

Chow et al. 1995

Incidence experience (1961–1979) of esophageal cancer in occupationally active (1960 census) Swedish men; external comparison with Swedish general population

2,394 cases

Cancer incidence tracked through Swedish Cancer-Environmental Registry which links census data to Swedish Cancer Registry

Occupation and industry codes from census data

SIR; age, sex, region

Gamble et al. 1996

Nested cases of kidney cancer among Exxon employees of at least 1 mo at three US refineries and chemical plants in 1970–1992; internal controls matched on sex, race, age, date of hire, at-risk status

37 cases, 148 controls

Vital status followed through SSA, NDI

Industrial hygienist constructed JEM from company records and job titles

OR (nested case-control); logistic regression BMI, mean arterial pressure, smoking

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
×

Reference

Population

Study Group

Health-Outcome Assessment

Exposure Assessment

Analysis, Adjustment for Potential Confounders

Guberan et al. 1992

Incidence and mortality experience (1949–1986) of lung and gastrointestinal cancer in male professional drivers (1949–1961) in canton of Geneva, Switzerland; external comparison with Geneva male population

6,630

Follow up for incidence through Geneva Cancer Registry; vital status tracked through National Office of Statistics

Subjects had valid (in 1949) or new (1949–1961) licenses issued as drivers of heavy-duty-road goods vehicles, taxis, buses, coaches, professional transports; subjects classified as “more” or “less” exposed to exhaust gases

SIR, SMR; age, year

Gustavsson et al. 1990

Incidence (1958–1984) and mortality (1952–1986) experience of male bus garage workers (at least 6 mo in 1945–1970) from five locations in Stockholm, Sweden; external comparisons with Stockholm general population and occupationally active population in Sweden; internal comparisons made for cumulative exposure indices

695

Cancer incidence tracked through Swedish Cancer Registry; mortality ascertained from Statistics Sweden

Industrial hygienist constructed JEM from historical data from garages on numbers and types of diesel engines present, ventilation, job types and duration

SMR; age, sex, cause of death OR; conditional logistic regression, age

Hansen 1993

Mortality experience (1970–1980) of truck drivers (1970 census) in Denmark compared with population of unskilled workers

14,225 truck drivers, 43,024 unskilled laborers

Record linkage with Central Population Register, Death Certificate Register

Truck-driver job title in 1970 census

SMR (expected numbers of deaths in driver group calculated in reference to unskilled group); age, period

Hansen 2000

Nested cases of male breast cancer among Pension Fund members in Denmark in 1970–1989; internal controls matched on age

230 cases

Cancer incidence tracked through Danish Cancer Registry

Job titles obtained from Pension Fund files and Central Person Registry; author assigned exposure to gasoline, combustion products

Conditional logistic regression; birth year, SES

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
×

Reference

Population

Study Group

Health-Outcome Assessment

Exposure Assessment

Analysis, Adjustment for Potential Confounders

Hoek et al. 2002

Mortality experience (1986–1994) of a subcohort of males, age 55–69 yr old, in Netherlands Cohort Study on Diet and Cancer

4,492

Vital status followed through Dutch Central Bureau of Genealogy

Self-administered questionnaire at baseline gave location of residence in 1986; exposure to traffic-related air pollution determined through National Air Quality Monitoring Network data

RR; age, sex, education, Quetelet index, occupation, active and passive cigarette-smoking, neighborhood SES score

Huebner et al. 2000

Incidence experience of lymphohematopoietic malignancies among Exxon employees of at least 1 mo at three US refineries and chemical plants in 1970–1992 or US-based employees of at least 1 day in 1979–1982 with all subjects having current, final, or active (1983–1994) employment at Baton Rouge, Louisiana facility; internal controls matched on sex, race, age, date of hire, at-risk status

8,942

59 LH malignancies

Record linkage with the Louisiana tumor registry

Job type obtained from company records

SIR; modified life-table approach stratified by sex, race, age, year of diagnosis

Jarvholm and Silverman 2003

Incidence and mortality experience (1971–1995) of Swedish male construction workers (1971–1993); internal comparisons of truck drivers and heavy-equipment operators within carpenters and electricians; external comparisons to Swedish general population

6,364 truck drivers, 14,364 heavy equipment operators, 119,984 carpenters and electricians

Record linkage with National Cancer Registry and National Death Registry

Job title obtained at initial health examination (1971–1993)

SIR, SMR; age, period, smoking habits

Jarvholm et al. 1997

Incidence experience (1958–1991) of male workers (at least 1 yr) in 26 companies in petroleum industry in Sweden; external comparison with Swedish general population

4,128

Cancer incidence followed through the Swedish Cancer Registry

Employment in refinery operations, distribution, other occupations determined from job titles

SIR (90% CI); sex, age, calendar year

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
×

Reference

Population

Study Group

Health-Outcome Assessment

Exposure Assessment

Analysis, Adjustment for Potential Confounders

Kneller et al. 1990

Incidence experience (1980–1984) of stomach cancer in occupationally active (1982 census) residents over 30 yr old in Shanghai, China; internal comparison among census registrants

13,489 cases

Cancer incidence tracked through Shanghai Cancer Registry

Occupation at time of diagnosis or retirement ascertained through interview of patient or next of kin

SIR; age, sex

Krewski et al. 2000

Mortality experience (1974–1991) of participants in Six Cities Study in northeast and midwest US; audit of original study with updated exposure assessment methods

8,111

Annual letters mailed to assess vital status; nonrespondents prompted family follow up and NDI records searches

Air-pollutant measurements from central locations in communities

RR; sex, education, diabetes, hypertension, BMI, smoking history, occupational exposure to dusts or fumes

Lagorio et al., 1994

Mortality experience (1981–1992) of self-employed gas-station attendants (in 1980) in Italy; external comparison with Latium region, Italian general population

2,665

Vital status followed through registries of last municipality of residence with record linkage with National Mortality File (pre-1986) or Regional Death Index

Environmental survey, duration of employment

SMR; age, sex

Lan et al. 2002

Incidence experience (1976–1992) of lung cancer in farmers, 41–75 yr old, in Xuanwei County, China

21,232

Lung-cancer incidence tracked through record searches of six regional hospitals

Interview with standardized questionnaire assessing kitchen practices as surrogates for indoor air pollution

RR; sex, age, family history of lung cancer, chronic bronchitis or emphysema, tuberculosis, other SES and demographic variables

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
×

Reference

Population

Study Group

Health-Outcome Assessment

Exposure Assessment

Analysis, Adjustment for Potential Confounders

Larkin et al. 2000

Mortality experience (1959–1976) of railroad workers, 40–64 yr old, with 10–20 yr of experience in 1959

55,395

Vital status tracked through US RBB records

Interstate Commerce Commission job code obtained from US RBB records and classified for diesel exposure

RR; age, calendar year

McLaughlin et al. 1987

Incidence experience (1961–1979) of renal cancer in occupationally active (1960 census) Swedish men; external comparison to Swedish general population

7,405 renal-cell cases

821 renal-pelvis cases

Cancer incidence tracked through Swedish Cancer-Environmental Registry, which links census data to Swedish Cancer Registry

Occupation and industry codes from census data

SIR; age, sex, region

Nafstad et al. 2003

Incidence experience (1972–1998) of lung cancer in males, 40–49 yr old, in Oslo, Norway

16,209

Cancer incidence tracked through Norwegian cancer registry

Estimated average concentrations of air pollutants (SO2, NOx) from Norwegian Institute for Air Research records; initial questionnaire established home address

RR; age, education, tobacco-smoke exposure, other pollutant

Nelson et al. 1985, 1987

Mortality experience (1970–1982) of Amoco Oil refinery workers (at least 6 mo, with 1 day in 1970–1980); external comparison with US general population

10,763

Vital status followed through SSA, NDI, company telephone survey

Company employment industrial hygienist assigned three job types and exposure types; frequency on basis of job titles

SMR; age, sex, race

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
×

Reference

Population

Study Group

Health-Outcome Assessment

Exposure Assessment

Analysis, Adjustment for Potential Confounders

Poole et al. 1993

Nested cases of kidney cancer and controls from several cohorts of workers in 36 petroleum refineries

102 cases, 408 controls

Author and nosologist confirmed cases from death certificates obtained from each cohort

Industrial hygienists assigned HC exposure types, intensity, and frequency on basis of detailed work histories

RR (nested case-control), conditional logistic regression; control for matching factors: employer and location, age, at-risk status

Rafnsson and Gunnars-dottir 1991

Mortality experience (1951–1988) of professional truck and taxi drivers in Reykjavik, Iceland; external comparison with general male population of Iceland

1,021

Record linkage with National Register, Register of Deceased

Truck and taxi drivers identified through membership rolls of Hreyfill cooperative taxi agency

SMR; age, calendar year

Ritz 1999

Mortality experience (1951–1989) of male uranium-processing plant workers (at least 3 yr, with first hire in 1951–1972) in Ohio; external comparison with US general population; Internal comparison among workers monitored for exposure

3,814

Vital status followed through SSA (pre-1979) NDI (1979–1980)

Exposure matrixes generated by employees, industrial hygienists

SMR, RR (conditional logistic regression); age, calendar year, time since first hired, pay type, radiation dose

Saverin et al. 1999

Mortality experience (1970–1994) of lung cancer in male potash miners (at least 1 yr from 1969–1991) in South Harz Mountains area, Germany; internal comparison within subcohort of subjects who worked underground at least 10 yr, held one job for 80% of their time, had three or fewer underground jobs; external comparison to general male population of Germany

5,536; 3,258 subcohort

Vital status followed through local population registers

Personal and area dust-sampling concentrations were averaged and assigned to work categories of production, maintenance, workshop

RR, age SMR; age

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
×

Reference

Population

Study Group

Health-Outcome Assessment

Exposure Assessment

Analysis, Adjustment for Potential Confounders

Soll-Johanning et al. 1998

Incidence experience (1943–1994) of urban bus drivers and tramway employees (1900–1994, alive in 1943) in Copenhagen, Denmark; external comparisons to Copenhagen and Denmark general populations

18,120

Record linkage with Danish Cancer Registry

Urban bus drivers and tramway employees identified through employment records of Copenhagen Traffic Company

SIR; sex, age, calendar period

Soll-Johanning et al. 2003

Nested cases of lung and bladder cancer among urban bus drivers and tramway employees (1900–1994, alive in 1943) in Copenhagen, Denmark; internal comparisons across air pollution index

153 lung, 84 bladder

Record linkage with Danish Cancer Registry

Air-pollution exposure index developed and assigned on basis of bus routes driven

RR; smoking

van Loon et al. 1997

Nested cases of lung cancer among males, 55–69 yr old, in Netherlands Cohort Study on Diet and Cancer (1986–1990); internal comparison with subcohort

524 cases, 1,316 subcohort

Record linkage with national pathology register and all cancer registries in Netherlands

Self-administered questionnaire at baseline gave lifetime occupational history, which was reviewed by occupational hygienist and assigned exposure to PAHs

RR; age, other occupational exposures, smoking, vitamin intake

Vasama-Neuvonen et al. 1999

Nested cases of incident ovarian cancer among occupationally active Finnish women (892,591) in 1971–1995

5,072 cases

Cancer incidence tracked through Finnish Cancer Registry

Job titles from 1970 Census linked with Finnish JEM to establish exposure probability

Poisson regression analysis; birth cohort, follow up period, SES

Wong et al. 1999

Nested cases of leukemia, multiple myeloma, kidney cancer in cohort of 18,135 petroleum-distribution workers in US in 1946–1985; internal controls matched 5:1 on company, age, sex

35 leukemia, 11 MM, 12 kidney

Vitas status followed through SSA, NDI, Death Master File

Cumulative and peak exposure to gasoline assessed through job titles, duration of work

Conditional logistic regression

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
×

Reference

Population

Study Group

Health-Outcome Assessment

Exposure Assessment

Analysis, Adjustment for Potential Confounders

Zeegers et al. 2001

Nested cases of bladder cancer among a cohort of men, 55–69 yr old, in Netherlands in 1986–1992; random subcohort selected as controls

532 cases

Record linkage to cancer registries, Dutch national database of pathology reports

Self-administered questionnaire at baseline assessed job histories, exposure to confounders; occupational epidemiologists and industrial hygienists assigned probability of exposure to PAHs, diesel exhaust

Rate ratios, failure-time regression model; cigarette-smoking, age, dietary factors, family history

NOTE: ACS=American Cancer Society; BMI=body-mass index; EPA=Environmental Protection Agency; HC=hydrocarbon; HCFA=Health Care Financing Administration; JEM=job exposure matrix; NDI=National Death Index; OR=odds ratio; PM=particulate matter; RBB=Railroad Retirement Board; RR=relative risk; SES=socioeconomic status; SIR=standardized incidence ratio; SMR=standardized mortality ratio; SSA=Social Security Administration.

TABLE D.2 Description of Case-Control Studies Related to Exposure to Fuels and Combustion Products

Reference

Population

Number of Cases

Number of Controls

Relevant Exposures

Exposure Assessment

Analysis; Adjustment for Potential Confounders

Ahrens et al. 1991

Male laryngeal-cancer cases identified in one hospital in Bremen, Germany, in 1986 with histologic confirmation; nonneoplastic male controls selected from same hospital and matched on age and residence

85 laryngeal

100

Transport and communication, diesel oil, gasoline

In-person interview with standardized questionnaire covering lifetime occupational history with exposure checklist

Unconditional logistic regression; smoking, alcohol consumption, age

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
×

Reference

Population

Number of Cases

Number of Controls

Relevant Exposures

Exposure Assessment

Analysis; Adjustment for Potential Confounders

Alguacil et al. 2000

Pancreatic-cancer cases diagnosed at five general hospitals in eastern Spain in 1992–1995; nonneoplastic controls with previous suspicion of pancreatic or biliary cancer selected from same hospitals

185 pancreatic

264

PAHs, diesel-engine exhaust

Interview with standardized questionnaire assessing work in any of 10 activities and specific exposures encountered; industrial hygienists evaluated exposures to 22 agents

Unconditional logistic regression; age, sex, hospital, smoking, alcohol use

Armstrong et al. 2000

Nasopharyngeal cancer cases, 19–74 yr old, among Chinese residents of Selangor and Federal Territory, Malaysia in 1990–1992; cases diagnosed in four area centers with histologic confirmation; healthy population controls selected randomly through multistage area sampling and matched on sex and age

282 nasopharyngeal

282

Motor fuel, oil

In-person interviews assessing detailed occupational histories, residential history, lifestyle and nutritional information; job descriptions, durations, tools, specific agents encountered were included

Multiple logistic regression; smoking, dietary factors

Aronson et al. 1996

Male prostate cancer cases and cancer controls, 35–70 yr old, diagnosed in 19 large Montreal-area hospitals in 1979–1985 and histologically confirmed for one of 19 anatomic cancer sites; age-matched population controls also chosen from electoral lists and with RDD

449 prostatic

2,083 total; 533 population, 1,550 cancer

Diesel-engine emissions, liquid-fuel combustion products, PAHs, Benzo[a]pyrene

In-person interview with segments on work histories (job titles); exposures attributed by team of chemists and industrial hygienists

Unconditional logistic regression; age, family income, Quetelet index, respondent status

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
×

Reference

Population

Number of Cases

Number of Controls

Relevant Exposures

Exposure Assessment

Analysis; Adjustment for Potential Confounders

Asal et al. 1988

Cases from 29 hospitals in Oklahoma diagnosed and confirmed in 1981–1984; hospital controls selected from same hospitals and matched on age, sex, race, hospital, date of admission; population controls selected through RDD

315 renal

313 hospital, 336 population

Petroleum refining, distribution

In-person interview assessing occupations, industrial exposures

Logistic regression; weight, age, alcohol consumption, occupations, smoking, snuff use, coffee consumption, kidney stones, hypertension, other medical factors

Barbone et al. 1995

Male lung-cancer cases, 37–93 yr old, diagnosed in 1979–1981 and 1985–1986 in Trieste, Italy, with histologic confirmation; deceased (within 6 mo of cases) male controls selected from registry of Department of Pathology

755 lung

755

Level of air pollution (particle deposition)

Particle deposition measured at fixed-site monitoring stations (deposimeters)

Logistic regression; age, cigarettes/day, occupational carcinogen exposure, social group

Boffetta et al. 2003

Male cases of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer diagnosed in six European centers in 1980–1983 with histologic confirmation; controls selected from census lists, electoral rolls, or population registries and matched for sex and age

1,010 laryngeal and hypopharyngeal

2,176

Railway-transport industry, motor vehicle mechanics

Interview with standardized questionnaire assessing jobs held at least 1 yr; job titles coded

Unconditional logistic regression, age, study area, average tobacco-smoking, average alcohol-drinking

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
×

Reference

Population

Number of Cases

Number of Controls

Relevant Exposures

Exposure Assessment

Analysis; Adjustment for Potential Confounders

Brown et al. 1988

White, male laryngeal-cancer cases, 30–79 yr old, diagnosed in 56 hospitals along Gulf Coast of Texas in 1975–1980; controls selected through Texas Department of Health mortality tapes, drivers license records, HCFA-provided Medicare records, and matched on age, vital status, ethnicity, county of residence

183 laryngeal

250

Transportation, driver, diesel and gasoline fumes

Interview (self-reports or proxy) assessing lifetime occupational and residential histories, lifestyle factors, demographic characteristics; industrial hygienist classified job titles for exposure to specific agents

Logistic regression; cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption Bruske-

Hohlfeld et al. 1999

Pooled male lung-cancer cases and controls from two studies in Germany (1988–1993 in Bremen and Frankfurt/Main; 1990–1996 in Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz and Bayern, the Saarland, Thuringen, and Sachen); population controls matched on age, sex, region of residence

3,498 lung

3,541

Professional drivers

In-person interview with standardized questionnaire assessing lifetime occupational history; standardized coding of job titles

Conditional logistic regression; smoking, asbestos exposure

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
×

Reference

Population

Number of Cases

Number of Controls

Relevant Exposures

Exposure Assessment

Analysis; Adjustment for Potential Confounders

Bruske-Hohlfeld et al. 2000

Pooled male lung-cancer cases and controls from two studies in Germany (1988–1993 in Bremen and Frankfurt/Main; 1990–1996 in Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz and Bayern, the Saarland, Thuringen, Sachen); population controls matched on age, sex, and region of residence

3,498 lung

3,541

Diesel-engine exhaust, PAHs, Benzo[a]pyrene; transport worker, freight handler

In-person interview with standardized questionnaire assessing lifetime occupational history; specific questions addressed exposure to PAHs; diesel-exhaust exposure derived from job titles; standardized coding of job titles

Conditional logistic regression; smoking, asbestos exposure

Carozza et al. 2000

Glioma cases, age 20 yr old or older, diagnosed in six San Francisco Bay counties in 1991–1994 by Northern California Cancer Center; controls selected through random-digit dialing, matched for age, gender, race

476 glioma

462

Petroleum and gas workers, service-station attendants

In-person interviews with standardized questionnaire assessing detailed lifetime job history

Multiple logistic regression; age, sex, years of education, race

Cole et al. 1972

Lower urinary tract cancer cases, 20–89 yr old, diagnosed and histologically confirmed, among residents of eastern Massachusetts in 18-mo span; controls randomly selected from area resident lists, matched on age, sex

461 lower urinary tract

485

Petroleum-related occupations

In-person interviews collected occupational histories each job listed was assigned occupation titles, levels of occupational exposures

Relative risk; smoking, age

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
×

Reference

Population

Number of Cases

Number of Controls

Relevant Exposures

Exposure Assessment

Analysis; Adjustment for Potential Confounders

Costantini et al. 2001

Hematolymphopoietic-cancer cases, 20–74 yr old identified through periodic hospital survey and diagnosed in 12 regions in Italy in 1991–1993 with histologic confirmation; controls randomly selected from municipal demographic files and National Health Services files, matched for age, sex

1,450 NHL

365 HD

652 leukemia

1,779

Transport operators

In-person interview (direct or proxy) with standardized and job-specific questionnaires assessing lifetime occupational history, exposure to specific agents

Mantel-Haenszel OR; age, sex

Dai et al. 1996

Female lung-cancer cases, 30–69 yr old, diagnosed in 1992–1993 in Harbin, China; population controls randomly selected, matched on age, smoking status

120 lung

120

Coal-stove use

In-person interview with standardized questionnaire assessing cooking, heating practices

Unconditional logistic regression; SES and dietary factors, family cancer history

Decoufle and Stanislawczyk 1977

White cancer cases and nonneoplastic controls admitted to Roswell Park Memorial Institute in 1956–1965, comprising 22 cancer sites

25,416 total participants, 6,434 male cancer, 7,515 female cancer

Bus, taxicab, truck drivers; mechanics, repairmen; delivery and route men; locomotive engineers, firemen

Self-reported lifetime occupational histories collected

RR; smoking, age

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
×

Reference

Population

Number of Cases

Number of Controls

Relevant Exposures

Exposure Assessment

Analysis; Adjustment for Potential Confounders

Demers et al. 1993

MM cases identified through SEER tumor registries in four geographic areas, under 80 yr old, newly diagnosed in 1977–1981; population controls identified through RDD and population survey of geographic areas

692 MM

1,683

Petroleum, coal refining, manufacturing

Interviews (direct or proxy) with standardized questionnaire to assess occupational history, specific exposure agents; occupations, industries coded according to 1970 US Census

Mantel-Haenszel OR; sex, age, race, study area

De Stefani et al. 1998

Male laryngeal-cancer cases, 30–75 yr old, diagnosed in five hospitals in Montevideo, Uruguay, in 1993–1995; cancer controls selected from same hospitals and timeframe

112 laryngeal

509

Gasoline, diesel exhaust, gasoline exhaust

In-person interview with standardized questionnaire assessing lifetime occupational histories and exposure to specific agents

Unconditional logistic regression; age, residence, education, income, tobacco-smoking and type, alcohol consumption

Dietz et al. 1995

Head- and neck-cancer cases diagnosed at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology at University of Heidelberg, Germany, in 1989–1992; outpatient controls selected from same department and matched on sex, size of residence, age

164 laryngeal

100 oral cavity

105 oropharyngeal or hypopharyngeal

656, 400, 420

Heating, cooking with fossil-fuel stoves

Interview with standardized questionnaire assessing household practices and work conditions

Adjusted ORs; Tobacco, alcohol consumption

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
×

Reference

Population

Number of Cases

Number of Controls

Relevant Exposures

Exposure Assessment

Analysis; Adjustment for Potential Confounders

Du et al. 1996

Lung-cancer cases identified from local police registries in Guangzhou, China, in 1985; deceased (unrelated to lung cancer) controls matched on sex, age

849 lung

849

Coal fumes

Next-of-kin interview

Mantel-Haenszel RR; smoking

Dumas et al. 2000

Male cases, controls, 35–70 yr old, diagnosed in 19 large Montreal-area hospitals in 1979–1985 and histologically confirmed for one of 19 cancer sites; frequency-matched by approximate age, population-based controls also chosen from electoral lists, RDD

257 rectal

1,295 cancer, 533 population

Combustion products of soot, coal, wood

In-person interviews with specific question on detail of each job subject had; analyzed and coded by team of chemists and industrial hygienists (about 300 exposures) on semiquantitative scale

Unconditional logistic regression; age, education, respondent status, cigarette-smoking, beer consumption, BMI

Elci et al. 2003

Male laryngeal-cancer cases diagnosed in Oncology Treatment Center of Social Security Agency Okmeydani Hospital in Istanbul, Turkey, in 1979–1984 with histologic confirmation; controls selected from same hospital, timeframe among cases of HD, cancers of skin (nonmelanoma), testis, bone, male breast as well as benign lesions

940 laryngeal

1,519

Diesel exhaust, gasoline exhaust, PAHs

In-person interview with standardized questionnaire assessing lifetime occupational history, tobacco and alcohol use; industrial hygienist performed JEM exposure assignments

Unconditional logistic regression; age, smoking, alcohol consumption

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
×

Reference

Population

Number of Cases

Number of Controls

Relevant Exposures

Exposure Assessment

Analysis; Adjustment for Potential Confounders

Farrow et al. 1989

Cases of myelodysplastic syndrome diagnosed at University Hospital of Wales in 1985–1986; outpatient controls selected from same hospitals, timeframe and matched on age and sex

63 myelodysplastic syndrome

63

Petrol, diesel fumes, liquids

In-person interview with standardized questionnaire assessing lifetime occupational history with checklist of 70 specific agents; exposure index based on checklist and duration of particular jobs

Crude OR

Flodin et al. 1987

MM cases, 40–80 yr old, diagnosed in six hospitals in central and southeastern Sweden in 1973–1983 and alive in 1981–1983; controls randomly selected from local population registers

131 MM

431

Engine exhausts

Mailed questionnaire assessing occupational exposures (self-reports)

Mantel-Haenszel OR; age, confounder score

Flodin et al. 1988

Chronic lymphocytic-leukemia cases, 40–80 yr old, diagnosed in five hospitals in central and southeastern Sweden in 1964–1984 and alive in 1981–1983; controls randomly selected from local population registers

111 chronic lymphocytic leukemia

431

Engine exhausts

Mailed questionnaire assessing occupational exposures (self-reports)

Mantel-Haenszel OR; age, confounder score

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
×

Reference

Population

Number of Cases

Number of Controls

Relevant Exposures

Exposure Assessment

Analysis; Adjustment for Potential Confounders

Fritschi and Siemiatycki 1996

Male melanoma cases and cancer controls, 35–70 yr old, diagnosed in 19 large Montreal-area hospitals in 1979–1985 and histologically confirmed for one of 19 cancer sites; age-matched population controls also chosen from electoral lists and with RDD

103 melanoma

1,066 total, 533 population, 533 cancer

PAHs, petroleum-related substances

In-person interview with segments on work histories (job titles); exposures attributed by team of chemists and industrial hygienists

Unconditional logistic regression; age, years of schooling, ethnicity

Gerhardsson de Verdier et al. 1992

Colorectal-cancer cases identified through local hospitals and Regional Cancer Registry in Stockholm, Sweden in 1986–1988; cases histologically confirmed and subjects limited to those born in Sweden in 1907–1946 and lived half their lives there; population controls randomly selected from Stockholm County population registry

352 colon

217 rectal

512

Petrol station, automotive repair

Questionnaire administered in person or through mail with followup telephone survey; exposure to list of chemicals or employment in specified occupations determined

Unconditional logistic regression; age, sex, nutritional intake markers, BMI, physical activity, family history of colorectal cancer

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
×

Reference

Population

Number of Cases

Number of Controls

Relevant Exposures

Exposure Assessment

Analysis; Adjustment for Potential Confounders

Goldberg et al. 2001

Male cases and controls, 35–70 yr old, diagnosed in 19 large Montreal-area hospitals in 1979–1985 and histologically confirmed for one of 19 cancer sites; frequency-matched by approximate age; population-based controls also chosen from electoral lists and with RDD

497 colon

1,514 cancer, 533 population

Diesel-engine emissions

In-person interviews with specific question on detail of each job subject had; analyzed and coded by team of chemists and industrial hygienists (about 300 exposures) on semiquantitative scale

Unconditional logistic regression; age, respondent status, ethnicity, nonoccupational factors (such as cigarette-smoking, alcohol consumption)

Gustavsson et al. 1998

Oral-cavity, pharyngeal-, laryngeal-, and esophageal-cancer cases among all Swedish men, 40–79 yr old, residing in two regions with reporting from departments of oncology and surgery in 1988–1990; controls randomly selected from population registers and matched on age, region

545

641

PAHs, Welding fumes

Interview with standardized questionnaire assessing lifestyle and environmental factors; occupational hygienist assigned exposure intensity, probability to 17 specific occupational exposures

Unconditional logistic regression; age, region, alcohol consumption, tobacco-smoking

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
×

Reference

Population

Number of Cases

Number of Controls

Relevant Exposures

Exposure Assessment

Analysis; Adjustment for Potential Confounders

Gustavsson et al. 2000

Male lung-cancer cases, 40–75 yr old, among stable residents (living outside Sweden no more than 5 yr in 1950–1990) identified through Swedish Cancer Registry in 1985–1990; controls randomly selected from population registers and matched on age, year of inclusion

1,042 lung

2,364

Diesel exhaust, motor exhaust, combustion products (benzo[a]pyrene)

Mailed questionnaire (direct or proxy) established lifetime occupational history; occupational hygienist assigned probability, intensity of exposure to specific agents

Unconditional logistic regression; matching variables, smoking, residential radon level, environmental exposure to NO2

Hansen et al. 1998

Male lung-cancer cases, born 1897–1966, identified through Danish Cancer Registry in 1970–1989; noncancer controls randomly selected from Central Population Registry and matched on age, sex

28,744 lung

28,744

Lorry, bus drivers; taxi drivers

Record linkage with nationwide pension-fund files

Conditional logistic regression

Hayes et al. 1989

Male lung-cancer cases pooled from three studies in US (Florida in 1976–1979, New Jersey in 1980–1981, Louisiana in 1979–1983)

1,444 lung

1,893

Drivers (truck, heavy equipment, bus, taxi)

Studies reviewed to identify occupations with motor-exhaust exposure

Logistic regression; age, smoking, study area

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
×

Reference

Population

Number of Cases

Number of Controls

Relevant Exposures

Exposure Assessment

Analysis; Adjustment for Potential Confounders

Heineman et al. 1992

Male cases of MM diagnosed and reported to Danish Cancer Registry in 1970–1984; controls randomly selected from Danish Central Population Registry and matched on sex, age, year of diagnosis

1,098 MM

4,169

Wholesale tradefuel, oil, gas; gasoline; oil products

Job titles obtained from subjects’ most recent tax records; industrial hygienists assigned exposure to 20 major categories, 27 specific substances

Adjusted ORs; age

Howe et al. 1980

Bladder-cancer cases diagnosed in three Canadian provinces in 1974–1976; neighborhood controls matched on age, sex

632 bladder

632

Petroleum industry

In-person interviews assessing lifetime occupational history with 13 a priori suspect industries

Logistic regression, discordant pairs, matching variables

Huebner et al. 1992

Oral- and pharyngeal cancer cases, 18–79 yr old, obtained from population-based cancer registries in five US locations in 1984–1985; controls obtained through RDD, matched on sex, race, age, study area

1,114 oral and pharyngeal

1,268

Petroleum-industry worker, motor vehicle operator, service-station worker

Interview (direct or proxy) with structured questionnaire assessing jobs held at least 6 mo; job titles coded

Multiple logistic regression; smoking, alcohol consumption, study location, age, race

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
×

Reference

Population

Number of Cases

Number of Controls

Relevant Exposures

Exposure Assessment

Analysis; Adjustment for Potential Confounders

Iscovich et al. 1987

Bladder-cancer cases admitted to 10 hospital from three counties in Argentina in 1983–1985 with histologic confirmation; hospital controls selected from same hospitals and period (within 3 mo) as cases; neighborhood controls selected from same block as case, matched on sex, age

117 bladder

117 hospital; 117 neighborhood

Work in oil refinery

In-person interview with standardized questionnaire covering lifetime occupational history with exposure checklist (33 agents)

Unconditional logistic regression; age, smoking

Jockel et al. 1992

Lung-cancer cases, age 38–87 yr old, diagnosed in seven hospitals in five cities in Germany with histologic confirmation (recruitment dates not given); hospital controls with diagnosis unrelated to smoking matched on sex, age; population controls randomly selected from residence registries

194 lung

194 hospital, 194 population

SO2, benzo[a]pyrene, total suspended particles

In-person interview with standardized and supplemental questionnaires assessing residential history; emission index generated from energy-consumption statistics; semiquantitative index combined this with SO2 emissions, coal use, degree of industrialization

Logistic regression; age, smoking, occupation

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
×

Reference

Population

Number of Cases

Number of Controls

Relevant Exposures

Exposure Assessment

Analysis; Adjustment for Potential Confounders

Kadamani et al. 1989

Kidney-cancer cases, 20 yr old or more, diagnosed in 23 hospitals in Oklahoma City and Tulsa in 1981–1983 with histologic confirmation; controls selected through RDD of Oklahoma residents, matched on age, sex

210 kidney

210

Hydrocarbons

In-person interviews assessing occupational histories, lifestyle, demographic factors; likelihood of hydrocarbon exposure assigned by industrial-hygienist review of job titles

Mantel-Haenszel OR; weight, education

Katsouyanni et al. 1991

Female lung-cancer cases diagnosed in seven hospitals in Athens, Greece, in 1987–1989; hospital controls over 35 yr old, admitted within 1 week of case

101 lung

89

Air pollution

Lifetime residential and employment histories were coupled with data from fixed-site monitoring stations according to borough for cumulative exposure index

Multiple logistic regression; age, years of schooling, interviewer

Kauppinen et al. 1995

Deceased pancreatic-cancer cases as of April 1990, 40–74 yr old at diagnosis in 1984–1987; identified cases and controls from Finnish Cancer Registry; controls of similar age, period of diagnoses selected from deceased cases of stomach, colon, or rectal cancer

595 pancreatic

1,622

Engine exhaust; PAHs

Mailed questionnaire to next of kin assessing lifetime work history (job titles); assignment of exposures by industrial hygienist and use of JEM

Unconditional logistic regression; age, sex, tobacco smoking, diabetes mellitus, alcohol consumption

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
×

Reference

Population

Number of Cases

Number of Controls

Relevant Exposures

Exposure Assessment

Analysis; Adjustment for Potential Confounders

Kleinerman et al. 2002

Lung-cancer cases, 30–70 yr old, diagnosed in Pingliang and Qingyang, China, in 1994–1998; population controls randomly selected from census lists, matched on age, sex, prefecture

846 lung

1,740

Biomass, coal-fuel use

Direct questions in interview on biomass or coal use for fuel or heating

Unconditional logistic regression; matching variables, color-television ownership, number of cattle, tobacco use

Kogevinas et al. 2003

Pooled bladder-cancer cases, 30–79 yr old, and controls from 11 studies in six European countries in 1976–1996

3,346 bladder

6,840

Petroleum-refining workers, PAHs

Standardized coding of job titles from various studies; JEM applied to assign exposure to specific exposures

Unconditional logistic regression; age, smoking, study center

Lan et al. 2001

Lung-cancer cases diagnosed in Xuan Wei, China, in 1995–1996; controls randomly selected from list of household registrations, matched on sex, age, village, cooking and heating fuel used

97 lung

97

Lifetime-accumulated smoky coal use without ventilation

In-person interview with standardized questionnaire assessing lifestyle factors

Conditional logistic regression, age, sex, pack-years of smoking

Leclerc et al. 1997

Pooled sinonasal-cancer cases and controls from 12 studies in seven countries

930 sinonasal

3,136

Motor-vehicle driver

Standardized coding of job titles from various studies

Logistic regression; age, study

Lindquist et al. 1991

Acute leukemia cases, 15–84 yr old, admitted to five hospitals in Sweden, interviewed in 1980–1983; controls selected from population registry, matched on sex, age

125 acute leukemia

125

Professional drivers

In-person interview with standardized questionnaire assessing occupational, task histories

Discordant pairs; logistic regression

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
×

Reference

Population

Number of Cases

Number of Controls

Relevant Exposures

Exposure Assessment

Analysis; Adjustment for Potential Confounders

Magnani et al. 1987

Male cancer cases of five sites, 18–54 yr old, identified from death certificates from three English counties in 1959–1979 (1964 unavailable); deceased controls selected for each case set, matched on age at death, sex, county of residence

244 esophagus

343 pancreas

99 melanoma

147 kidney

432 brain

935

1,315

361

556

1,603

Coal, petroleum-products industry

Occupations listed on death certificates; JEM constructed to assign exposure to 49 agents

Matched ORs; matching variables

Mandel et al. 1995

Renal-cell cancer cases, age 20–79 yr old, from six international sites, diagnosed and confirmed in 1989–1991 with cancer registries or surveillance of clinical and pathology departments; controls selected from population registers, electoral rolls, residential lists, HCFA records, or RDD, depending on site; controls matched on age, exposure

1,732 renal

2,309

Oil refinery industry, gas-station attendants, gasoline, jet fuel, heating oil, kerosene, or diesel fuel

In-person interviews to assess lifetime occupational history, exposure to specific agents

Logistic regression; age, center, BMI, cigarette-smoking

Matos et al. 2000

Male lung-cancer cases identified among residents in four hospitals in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in 1994–1996; hospital controls (unrelated to tobacco use) matched on age, hospital

199 lung

393

Motor-vehicle and truck drivers, railway-transport industry

In-person interview with questionnaire assessing occupational history (jobs held at least 1 yr)

Conditional logistic regression; hospital, age, pack-years of cigarettes, other occupations or industries with increased risks

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
×

Reference

Population

Number of Cases

Number of Controls

Relevant Exposures

Exposure Assessment

Analysis; Adjustment for Potential Confounders

McLaughlin et al. 1984

White kidney-cancer cases, 30–64 yr old, diagnosed in Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area in 1974–1979; white controls systematically selected from telephone listings (30–64 yr old) and HCFA listings (65–85 yr old), matched on age, sex

495 kidney

697

Chemical-petroleum industry; petroleum, tar, pitch products

In-person interview (direct or proxy) with detailed questionnaire assessing occupational history

Adjusted ORs (age, smoking; multivariate logistic regression

McLaughlin et al. 1985

White male kidney cancer cases, 30–64 yr old, diagnosed in Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area in 1974–1979; white controls systematically selected from telephone listings (30–64 yr old) and HCFA listings (65–85 yr old), matched on age, sex

313 kidney

428

Petroleum industry, gasoline-station attendants

In-person interview (direct or proxy) with detailed questionnaire assessing occupational history

Adjusted ORs; age, smoking

Menvielle et al. 2003

Lung-cancer cases, 18 yr old or older, identified through New Caledonia Cancer Registry in France in 1993–1995; population controls randomly selected from electoral rolls, matched on sex and age

228 lung

305

Dockers; transportation-equipment managers; motor-bus, lorry, van drivers; diesel-engine emissions; PAHs

In-person interview (direct or proxy) with standardized and occupation or task-specific questionnaires assessing occupational history (including agents used); job titles coded; industrial hygienist assigned probabilities; frequencies of exposure

Unconditional logistic regression; age, smoking

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
×

Reference

Population

Number of Cases

Number of Controls

Relevant Exposures

Exposure Assessment

Analysis; Adjustment for Potential Confounders

Merletti et al. 1991

Male oral- and oropharyngeal-cancer cases, 26–92 yr old, diagnosed in Turin, Italy, in 1982–1984; controls randomly selected from resident files, stratified by age, sex

86 oral, oropharyngeal

373

PAHs

In-person interview with standardized questionnaire assessing lifetime occupational history; job titles coded; industrial hygienists applied JEM to determine exposures to 13 agents

Unconditional logistic regression; age, education, birthplace, tobacco-smoking, alcohol consumption

Mommsen et al. 1982

Consecutive male bladder cancer cases, 42–85 yr old, diagnosed in one hospital in Denmark in 1977–1979; controls selected through National Registry matched on age, sex, region

165 bladder

165

Work with petroleum or asphalt, work with oil or gasoline

In-person interview with standardized questionnaire covering lifetime occupational history and work with chemicals; controls answered mailed questionnaire with follow up survey through telephone or mail

Multivariate logistic regression; nocturia, cigarette smoking, prostatic surgery, cheroot smoker, lowest SES, previous venereal disease, chewing-tobacco use, industrial work, alcohol consumption, symptoms of cystitis, work with chemical materials

Mommsen et al. 1983

Consecutive bladder-cancer cases, 42–85 yr old, diagnosed in one hospital in Denmark in 1977–1980 (through 1979 for males); controls selected through National Registry matched on age, sex, region

212 bladder

259

Work with petroleum or asphalt, work with oil or gasoline

In-person interview with standardized questionnaire covering lifetime occupational history, work with chemicals; controls answered mailed questionnaire with followup survey through telephone or mail

Multivariate logistic regression; cigarette-smoking, cigarillo-smoking, industrial work, chewing-tobacco use, saccharin consumption, previous venereal disease, alcohol use, pipe-smoking, work with chemical materials

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
×

Reference

Population

Number of Cases

Number of Controls

Relevant Exposures

Exposure Assessment

Analysis; Adjustment for Potential Confounders

Mommsen and Aagard 1984

Consecutive bladder-cancer cases, 42–85 yr old, diagnosed in one hospital in Denmark in 1977–1980 (through 1979 for males); controls selected through National Registry matched on age, sex, region

212 bladder

259

Work with oil or gasoline, work with kerosene or asphalt

In-person interview with standardized questionnaire covering lifetime occupational history, work with chemicals; controls answered mailed questionnaire with followup survey through telephone or mail

Multivariate logistic regression; Nocturia, cigarette smoking, prostatic surgery, cigarillo-smoking, lowest SES, previous venereal disease, blacksmiths or mechanics, chewing-tobacco use, alcohol consumption symptoms of cystitis, industrial work, work with chemical materials

Morris et al. 1986

MM cases identified through SEER tumor registries in four geographic areas, under 80 yr old, and newly diagnosed in 1977–1981; population controls identified through RDD and population survey of four geographic areas

698 MM

1,683

Aliphatic hydrocarbons (including gas, diesel, kerosene)

Interviews (direct or proxy) with standardized questionnaire to assess occupational history, exposure agents

Mantel-Haenszel ORs; sex, age, race, study area

Nadon et al. 1995

Male cancer cases, 35–70 yr old, diagnosed in 19 large Montreal-area hospitals in 1979–1986 and histologically confirmed for several cancer sites; control series for each cancer type composed of other cancer cases (except lung)

3,726 total cases

Varied depending on size of site under examination

Benzo[a]pyrene, coal, petroleum, wood

In-person interviews with specific questions on details of each job subject had; analyzed and coded by team of chemists, industrial hygienists (about 300 exposures) on semiquantitative scales

Unconditional logistic regression; age, family income, ethnicity, cumulative smoking index

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
×

Reference

Population

Number of Cases

Number of Controls

Relevant Exposures

Exposure Assessment

Analysis; Adjustment for Potential Confounders

Najem et al. 1982

White bladder-cancer cases admitted to two community hospitals in northern New Jersey in 1978; nonneoplastic controls selected from same hospitals, matched on age, place of birth, sex, race, current residence

75 bladder

142

Work in petroleum (fuel) industry

In-person interview with standardized questionnaire assessing lifetime occupational history

Mantel-Haenszel OR; smoking

Nisse et al. 2001

Cases of myelodysplastic syndrome diagnosed in hematology department of University of Lille, France, in 1991–1996 with hematologic confirmation; controls randomly selected from electoral registers, matched for sex, age

204 myelodysplastic syndrome

204

PAHs, petrol, oil, exhaust gases

In-person interview with standardized questionnaire assessing lifetime occupational history; exposure to fuels, exhaust determined by team of experts from job titles

Mantel-Haenszel OR; matching variables

Nyberg et al. 2000

Male lung-cancer cases, 40–75 yr old, among stable residents (living outside Sweden no more than 5 years in 1950–1990) identified through Swedish Cancer Registry in 1985–1990; controls randomly selected from population registers, matched on age and year of inclusion

1,042 lung

2,364

Air pollution (NO2, SO2)

Mailed questionnaire assessing residence history; geocoding of locations coupled to data from regional emission database provided estimates of air-pollution exposure

Unconditional logistic regression; matching variables, smoking, residential radon level, socioeconomic grouping, other occupations, other combustion products and asbestos

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
×

Reference

Population

Number of Cases

Number of Controls

Relevant Exposures

Exposure Assessment

Analysis; Adjustment for Potential Confounders

Parent et al. 2000a

Male cancer cases, 35–70 yr old, diagnosed in 19 large Montreal-area hospital in 1979–1985 and histologically confirmed; control series composed of other cancer cases (except lung), population controls selected through RDD

142 renal-cell carcinoma

2,433 total, 1,900 cancer, 533 population

Jet fuel, aviation gasoline

In-person interviews with specific questions on details of each job subject had; analyzed, coded by team of chemists, industrial hygienists (about 300 exposures) on semiquantitative scales

Mantel-Haenszel OR, logistic regression; respondent status, age, smoking, BMI, occupational confounders

Parent et al. 2000b

Male cases and controls, 35–70 yr old, diagnosed in 19 large Montreal-area hospitals in 1979–1985 and histologically confirmed for one of 19 cancer sites; frequency-matched by approximate age; population-based controls also chosen from electoral lists and with RDD

99 esophageal

2,299 cancer, 533 population

PAHs, gasoline engine emissions, CO, benzo[a]pyrene

In-person interviews with specific question on detail of each job subject had; analyzed, coded by team of chemists and industrial hygienists (about 300 exposures) on semiquantitative scale

Unconditional logistic regression; age, respondent status, birthplace, educational level, beer consumption, spirits consumption, β-carotene index, cigarette-smoking (length, pattern)

Partanen et al. 1991

Cases over 20 yr old, identified through Finnish Cancer Registry in 1977–1978; controls randomly selected from Population Register Centre, matched on year of birth, sex, survival status

408 renal

819

Gasoline, diesel fuel, other distilled fuel oils

Mailed questionnaire or phone interview (direct or proxy) assessing lifetime occupational history; industrial hygienist coded, assigned summary indicators of exposures

Conditional logistic regression; matching variables, smoking, coffee consumption, obesity

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
×

Reference

Population

Number of Cases

Number of Controls

Relevant Exposures

Exposure Assessment

Analysis; Adjustment for Potential Confounders

Pesch et al. 2000

Renal-cell cancer cases in large hospitals in five regions in Germany in 1991–1995 with histologic confirmation; controls randomly selected from local residency registries, matched on region, sex, age

935 renal

4,298

Production, use of petroleum products

In-person interviews of lifetime occupational history using questionnaire to assess job-titles and self-reported exposures; exposures ascertained with JEM

Conditional logistic regression; matching variables, smoking

Petralia et al. 1999

Female breast-cancer cases, age 40 yr old or more, identified through major hospitals in two New York counties in 1986–1991 with histological confirmation; controls randomly selected from lists of New York state Department of Motor Vehicles, matched for age, county

301 breast

316

PAHs

In-person interviews assessing lifetime occupational history; occupations, industries coded; assigned potential exposures to PAHs through use of JEM

Unconditional logistic regression; age, years of education, age at first birth, age at menarche, history of benign breast disease, family breast-cancer history, Quetelet index, months of lactation

Pintos et al. 1998

Mouth-, laryngeal-, pharyngeal-cancer cases referred to three surgery services in Brazil in 1987–1989; controls selected among inpatients from same and neighboring hospitals, matched on sex, age, trimester of hospital admission

784

1,568

Use of wood stoves

Interview with standardized questionnaire assessing occupational, environmental exposures

Conditional logistic regression; tobacco and alcohol consumption, race, income, rural residence, schooling

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
×

Reference

Population

Number of Cases

Number of Controls

Relevant Exposures

Exposure Assessment

Analysis; Adjustment for Potential Confounders

Rajaraman et al. 2004

Cases of meningioma and acoustic neuroma, 18 yr old or older, diagnosed in one of three US hospitals specializing in brain tumors in 1994–1998; noncancer controls selected from same hospitals, matched on hospital, sex, race, age, proximity of residence to hospital

197 meningioma, 96 acoustic neuroma

799

Gas-station attendants

In-person interviews assessing detailed lifetime occupational history with industrial-hygienist-developed job-specific questions on type, frequency, intensity, and duration of exposure to specific agents

Unconditional logistic regression; matching variables: hospital, sex, race, age, proximity of residence to hospital

Risch et al. 1988

Bladder-cancer cases, 35–79 yr old, identified through combination of cancer-registry reporting and hospital- record review in four cities in Canada in 1979–1982 with histologic confirmation; controls randomly selected from population listings, matched on birth year, sex, residence area

826 bladder

792

Work in petroleum industry

In-person interview with questionnaire assessing specific occupational exposures

Conditional logistic regression; matching variables, lifetime cigarette consumption

Schoenberg et al. 1984

Male bladder-cancer cases, 21–84 yr old, with histologically confirmed diagnosis in New Jersey in 1978–1979; controls identified through RDD (21–64 yr old) HCFA records (65–84 yr old), stratified for age

658 bladder

1,258

Refinery work, garage or gas-station work

In-person interview with questionnaire assessing lifetime occupational history

Logistic regression; age, duration of cigarette-smoking, other occupations

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
×

Reference

Population

Number of Cases

Number of Controls

Relevant Exposures

Exposure Assessment

Analysis; Adjustment for Potential Confounders

Sharpe et al. 1989

Cases diagnosed at one of four Montreal-area hospitals in 1982–1986 and one of five other hospitals in 1982–1987; cases histologically confirmed and alive at time of chart review; controls selected from suspected renal-cell carcinoma cases with final diagnosis other than cancer, matched on sex, age, urologist

164 renal

161

Gasoline, kerosene

History of exposure to hydrocarbons obtained through mailed questionnaire, supplemented by telephone interview

Univariate analysis

Siemiatycki et al. 1987

Male cancer cases, 35–70 yr old, diagnosed in 19 large Montreal-area hospitals in 1979–1985 and histologically confirmed for several cancer sites; control series for each cancer type composed of other cancer cases (except lung)

3,726 total cases

Varied, depending on size of site under examination

Automotive and aviation gasoline, kerosene, jet and diesel fuels, heating oils, crude oil

In-person interviews with specific questions on details of each job subject had; analyzed, coded by team of chemists, industrial hygienists (about 300 exposures) on semiquantitative scales

Mantel-Haenszel OR, logistic regression; age, ethnicity, SES, smoking, “dirtiness” index of job

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
×

Reference

Population

Number of Cases

Number of Controls

Relevant Exposures

Exposure Assessment

Analysis; Adjustment for Potential Confounders

Siemiatycki et al. 1988

Male cancer cases, 35–70 yr old, diagnosed in 19 large Montreal-area hospitals in 1979–1985 and histologically confirmed for several cancer sites; control series for each cancer type composed of other cancer cases (except lung)

3,726 total cases

Varied, depending on size of site under examination

Exhaust from gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, propane; combustion of propane, natural gas, liquid fuel, wood, coal, coke

In-person interviews with specific questions on details of each job subject had; analyzed, coded by a team of chemists, industrial hygienists (about 300 exposures) on semiquantitative scales

Mantel-Haenszel OR, logistic regression; age, ethnicity, SES, smoking, blue- or white-collar job history

Silverman et al. 1989a

Nonwhite cases, 21–84 years, in 10 US areas in 1977–1978 with histologic confirmation; controls identified through RDD (21–64 yr old) HCFA records (65–84 yr old), matched for age, geographic area

126 bladder

383

Petroleum workers, gasoline service stations

In-person interview with questionnaire assessing job or industry titles; industries and job titles coded by study authors, grouped by potential exposures

Logistic regression; smoking, age

Silverman et al. 1989b

White cases, 21–84 yr old, in 10 US areas in 1977–1978 with histologic confirmation; controls identified through RDD (21–64 yr old) and HCFA records (65–84 yr old), matched for age, geographic area

2,100 bladder

3,874

Petroleum-processing work

In-person interview with questionnaire assessing job or industry titles; industries, job titles coded by study authors, grouped by potential exposures

Logistic regression; smoking, age

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
×

Reference

Population

Number of Cases

Number of Controls

Relevant Exposures

Exposure Assessment

Analysis; Adjustment for Potential Confounders

Spiegelman and Wegman 1985

Cases of colon and rectal cancer and cancer controls selected from sample of Third National Cancer Survey of incident cancers in seven US metropolitan areas in 1969–1971

370 colon, 175 rectal, 8 large intestine

1,861 total

Fuel oil

Interviews conducted on primary, secondary occupations, industries, duration; exposure assignment according to NIOSH National Occupational Hazard Survey protocol

Logistic regression; age, race, marital status, region, income group, educational level, body mass, nutritional scores

Steenland et al. 1990

Deceased male lung-cancer cases identified through Central States Teamsters files in 1982–1983; controls selected as every sixth death from files, excluding lung and bladder cancers, motor-vehicle accidents

994 lung

1,085

Diesel or gasoline truck drivers; diesel exposure, nontruck drivers

Interview with next of kin conducted through mail or telephone call assessing occupational history

Unconditional logistic regression; age, smoking, asbestos

Steenland et al. 1998

Deceased, male lung cancer cases identified through the Central States Teamsters files in 1982–1983; controls selected as every sixth death from files, excluding lung and bladder cancers and motor vehicle accidents

994 lung

1,085

Diesel emissions

Interview with next of kin conducted through mail or telephone call assessing occupational history; diesel-emissions exposure calculations based on job history, number of data sources

Logistic regression; age, race, smoking, diet, asbestos

Steineck et al. 1990

Male urothelial-cancer cases, born 1911–1945, diagnosed in Stockholm, Sweden, in 1985–1987; controls randomly selected from population registers

256 urothelial

287

Petrol

Subjects provided occupational histories, specified agents encountered; industrial hygienist used this information to assign exposure status

Logistic regression; age, smoking

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
×

Reference

Population

Number of Cases

Number of Controls

Relevant Exposures

Exposure Assessment

Analysis; Adjustment for Potential Confounders

Stemhagen et al. 1983

Liver-cancer cases identified through diagnosis in New Jersey hospitals in 1975–1980 or from death certificates in 1975–1979, all with histologic confirmation; controls selected from hospital records, death certificates, matched for age, race, sex, county of residence

265 liver

530

Gasoline service-station attendants

In-person interview (direct or proxy) to assess occupational history (job titles)

Mantel-Haenszel OR

Swanson et al. 1993

Male lung-cancer cases, 40–84 yr old, identified through the Occupational Cancer Incidence Surveillance Study, diagnosed in Detroit, Michigan, in 1984–1987; cases of colon and rectum cancer, identified in same way, served as control group

3,792 lung

1,966

Drivers of heavy and light trucks, garage and service-station workers

Telephone interview (direct or proxy) assessing lifetime occupational history; job titles coded

Logistic regression; age, pack-years of cigarette-smoking, race

Teschke et al. 1997

Bladder-cancer cases, 19 yr old and older, registered with British Columbia Cancer Agency in 1990–1991 with histologic confirmation; controls selected from provincial voters list matched on age, sex

105 bladder

139

Chemical, petroleum workers

In-person or telephone interview with questionnaire assessing occupational histories and self-reported exposures

Adjusted ORs; sex, age, cigarette smoking

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
×

Reference

Population

Number of Cases

Number of Controls

Relevant Exposures

Exposure Assessment

Analysis; Adjustment for Potential Confounders

Viadana et al. 1976

White male cancer cases and nonneoplastic controls admitted to Roswell Park Memorial Institute in 1956–1965, comprising 17 cancer sites, 13 occupations

11,591 total participants

Bus, taxicab, truck drivers; mechanics, repairmen; delivery and route men; locomotive engineers, firemen

Self-reported lifetime occupational histories collected

Relative risk; smoking, age

West et al. 1995

Cases of myelodysplastic syndrome, age 15 yr old or older, from areas of UK; controls selected from outpatient clinics and inpatient wards, matched for age, sex, area of residence, hospital, year of diagnosis

400 myelodysplastic syndrome

400

Petroleum products, diesels or petrols, exhaust gases

In-person interview with questionnaire assessing lifetime occupational, exposure history; duration, intensity of exposure (self-reports)

Matched pairs analysis; matching variables

Williams et al. 1989

Light chain MM cases identified through SEER tumor registries in four geographic areas, under 80 yr old newly diagnosed in 1977–1981; population controls identified through RDD and population survey of four geographic areas

69 light chain MM

1,683

Aliphatic hydrocarbons (including gas, diesel, kerosene)

Interviews (direct or proxy) with standardized questionnaire to assess occupational history, specific exposure agents

Mantel-Haenszel ORs; sex, age, race, study area

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
×

Reference

Population

Number of Cases

Number of Controls

Relevant Exposures

Exposure Assessment

Analysis; Adjustment for Potential Confounders

Xu et al. 1996

Lung-cancer cases, 30–70 yr old, diagnosed among residents of Shenyang, China, in 1985–1987; controls randomly selected from population registers and matched on age, sex distribution; subcohort of 610 cases, 959 controls active or retired from Anshan Iron-Steel Complex was analyzed with respect to benzo[a]pyrene exposure

1,249 lung

1,345

Kang, coal, gas, indoor air pollution, Benzo[a]pyrene

Interview with standardized questionnaire assessing cooking habits; indoor air-pollution index generated from questions on cooking fuel, place of cooking, weighted by duration; benzo[a]pyrene exposure assigned to subcohort on basis of indoor, outdoor measurements, person’s job history

RR/ORs; age, education, smoking

Yu et al. 1990

Nasopharyngeal-cancer cases, under 50 yr old, identified among residents of Guanzhou City, China, from files of Sun Yat-Sen University Tumor Hospital in 1983–1985; neighborhood controls selected, matched on sex, age

306 nasopharyngeal

306

Combustion products

Interview with standardized questionnaire assessing occupational, dietary factors

Conditional logistic regression; matched pairs, age, sex, dietary factors, birthplace, marital status

Zheng et al. 1992

Oral- and pharyngeal-cancer cases, 20–75 yr old, identified through population-based cancer registry as newly diagnosed in 1988–1990; controls randomly selected from Shanghai Resident Registry, matched on age, sex

204 oral and pharyngeal

414

Petroleum products, kerosene-stove use

In-person interview with standardized questionnaire assessing lifestyle factors

Chi-squared test

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
×

Reference

Population

Number of Cases

Number of Controls

Relevant Exposures

Exposure Assessment

Analysis; Adjustment for Potential Confounders

Zheng et al. 1994

Nasopharyngeal-cancer cases diagnosed beginning in 1986 at Wuzhou Cancer Institute or Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Institute of Zangwu, China, with histologic confirmation; neighborhood controls selected, matched on sex, age, place of residence

88 nasopharyngeal

176

Wood-fuel use

In-person interview with standardized questionnaire assessing lifestyle factors

Conditional logistic regression; matched pairs, sociodemographic score

Zheng et al. 1996

Cases of salivary-gland cancer, 20–75 yr old, identified through the Shanghai cancer registry and diagnosed in 1988–1990; controls randomly selected through Shanghai Resident Registry, matched on sex, age

41 salivary gland

414

Petroleum products, kerosene, coal, gas

In-person interview with standardized questionnaire assessing job history, household exposures, and dietary factors

Mantel-Haenszel OR; sex, age, income

Zheng et al. 2002

Bladder-cancer cases, age 40–85 yr old, identified and histologically confirmed by State Health Registry of Iowa among Iowa residents in 1986–1989; controls randomly selected through driver’s license records (under 65 yr old) or HCFA listing (65 yr old and older), matched on sex, age

1,452 bladder

2,434

Petroleum, coal products industry, petroleum-refining industry

Mailed questionnaires obtained lifetime occupational histories of all jobs held 5 yr or more

Unconditional logistic regression; age, lifetime pack-years of cigarette-smoking, family history of bladder cancer

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
×

Reference

Population

Number of Cases

Number of Controls

Relevant Exposures

Exposure Assessment

Analysis; Adjustment for Potential Confounders

NOTE: HCFA=Health Care Financing Administration; NHL=non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma; HD=Hodgkin’s disease; JEM=job exposure matrix; MM=multiple myeloma; NIOSH=National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; OR=odds ratio; RDD=random-digit dialing; RR=relative risk; SES=socioeconomic status; SIR=standardized incidence ratio; SMR=standardized mortality ratio.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
×

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
×

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
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Petralia SA, Vena JE, Freudenheim JL, Dosemeci M, Michalek A, Goldberg MS, Erasure J, Graham S. 1999. Risk of premenopausal breast cancer in association with occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and benzene. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health 25(3):215–221.

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Risch HA, Burch JD, Miller AB, Hill GB, Steele R, Howe GR. 1988. Occupational factors and the incidence of cancer of the bladder in Canada. British Journal of Industrial Medicine 45(6):361–367.

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
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Silverman DT, Levin LI, Hoover RN. 1989a. Occupational risks of bladder cancer in the United States: II Nonwhite men. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 81(19):1480–1483.

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
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Yu MC, Garabrant DH, Huang TB, Henderson BE. 1990. Occupational and other non-dietary risk factors for nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Guangzhou, China. International Journal of Cancer 45(6):1033–1039.


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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Descriptive Tables of Cancer Studies." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11180.
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The third in a series of congressionally mandated reports on Gulf War veterans’ health, this volume evaluates the long-term, human health effects associated with exposure to selected environmental agents, pollutants, and synthetic chemical compounds believed to have been present during the Gulf War. The committee specifically evaluated the literature on hydrogen sulfide, combustion products, hydrazine and red fuming nitric acid. Both the epidemiologic and toxicologic literature were reviewed.

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