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Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2005. Beyond the Market: Designing Nonmarket Accounts for the United States. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11181.
×

Index

A

ABS. See Australian Bureau of Statistics

Accounting and data foundations, 39–54

demographic data, 52–54

measuring time use, 43–52

overview of the national income and product accounts, 40–43

Accounting approaches, in the current environment, 169–171

Accounts

balance-sheet, 40

expanded set of, 2

experimental, 2–3, 20

income and product, 40–43

input-output, 40

national, 56

satellite, 2–5, 11, 16–18

AFQT. See Armed Forces Qualification Test

Aggregate output, 26

Aggregate production, 69

Aggregate welfare measurement, 156

Amenity value, 31

American Association of Fundraising Counsel, Trust for Philanthropy, 159

American Community Survey, 7, 53

American Time Use Survey (ATUS), 7, 10, 19, 27, 39, 45–52, 71, 76, 88, 100, 126, 140, 147–148, 160

recommendations for, 7, 46–48, 77

Armed Forces Qualification Test (AFQT), 113

Assignment of prices, 28–34

ATUS. See American Time Use Survey

Australia, 45, 76, 122, 154

Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), 45

B

Balance-sheet accounts, 40

Bargaining power, 60

BEA. See Bureau of Economic Analysis

Belgium, 154

Benefit-cost analysis, 157

BLS. See Bureau of Labor Statistics

Bookkeeping, implications of double-entry, 24–25

British National Child Development Study, 112

Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), 5, 15–16, 19, 21, 26, 43, 77, 94–95, 97, 99, 142–143, 154, 159, 161, 166–167

recommendations for, 59

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), 11, 19, 28, 45–52, 77, 88, 94, 100, 118, 119n, 146, 151, 154

recommendations for, 7, 48–52

Bypass surgery, 131

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2005. Beyond the Market: Designing Nonmarket Accounts for the United States. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11181.
×

C

Cable television, 90

Canada, 45, 76, 80, 154

Capital-market constraints, 24

Capital service flows, 99

Capital stock, 94, 171

Care services, 3

noncompensated, 126

Census Bureau, 7, 28, 53, 94, 102

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, 119

Chain-weighted quantity indexes, 34

Child care, 58, 64, 66, 81, 90, 105

Child Development Supplement of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, 89

Children

commitment to bear and raise, 92

as human capital, family inputs to the development of, 88–90

time use by, 90

Cholesterol intake, 129

CIPSEA. See Confidential Information Protection and Statistical Efficiency Act of 2002

Citizenship, personal habits of, 87

Civility, 87

Classification of goods and services, 25–26

Cleaning services, 19

Cleanliness, 61–62.

See also Home cleanliness;

Outdoor cleaning

Cognitive skills, 115

current, 109

Collective goods, 141

Comparability, across countries, 16

Competitive pressures, 24

Compulsory schooling requirements, 106

Computers, 57, 89

Conceptual framework

for the family’s role in the production of human capital, 79–81

for the government and private nonprofit sectors, 143–146

Conceptual framework for education, 94–97

education inputs and outputs, market and nonmarket, 96

Conceptual framework for health, 119–125

broader approach, 122–125

health inputs and outputs of market and nonmarket, 124

market-oriented approaches, 120–122

national health expenditures, 121

Conceptual issues, 5–6, 23–37

assigning prices, 28–34

classifying goods and services, 25–26

counting and valuation issues, 34–36

externalities, 26–27

implications of double-entry bookkeeping, 24–25

marginal and total valuation, 36–37

measuring quantities, 27–28

Confidential Information Protection and Statistical Efficiency Act of 2002 (CIPSEA), 159

Constructed health expenditure accounts, 13

Consumer durables, 72

Consumer Expenditure Survey, 52, 91

Consumer Price Index (CPI), 77, 119n

Consumption value, 71

Cost-of-disease approach, treatment-based, 122

Counting issues, 34–36

CPI. See Consumer Price Index

CPS. See Current Population Survey

Cross-country comparisons, 110

Cross-household variation, 60

Current Population Survey (CPS), 46–48, 51, 53, 126, 146–147, 160

D

Data needs, 6–8

for future environmental directions, 174–175

in the government and private nonprofitsectors, 159–160

in health, 140

Data needs in home production, 76–78

input quantities and prices (time use), 76–77

output quantities and prices, 77–78

Day care, 83

Death, causes of, 124

Degradation, valuing, 169

Demographic data, 7, 27–28, 52–54, 130–131

recommendations for, 7–8, 53–54

Department of Agriculture, 91

Department of Commerce, 19

Department of Defense, 145

Department of Health and Human Services, 136

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, 119, 136n

National Health Accounts, 120

Department of Labor, 19

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2005. Beyond the Market: Designing Nonmarket Accounts for the United States. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11181.
×

Depreciation, of natural resources, 165, 167

Development of children’s human capital, family inputs to, 88–90

Developmental psychology, 82

Direct quantity-based index, 118

Disamenity costs, 116n

Discrete choice model, 177

Disease-adjusted life years, 136

“Disease state” approach, 3, 134

Divorce rates, 79

Donated goods

in the government and private nonprofit sectors, 153

recommendations for, 146

Double-entry bookkeeping, 6, 26, 76, 161

implications of, 24–25

Down’s syndrome, 90

Drinking, 129

Drugs, new, 118, 120

DVD players, 90

E

Early Child Care Research Network, 83

Earnings, education’s link to higher, 106

Econometrics, 132

Economic inequality, 13

Economic production, 1

Economic theory, 29

Economically valued nonmarket factors, 10

Education, 3, 80, 93–116

conceptual framework for, 94–97

inputs and outputs, market and nonmarket, 96

link to higher earnings, 106

measuring and valuing inputs in, 97–105

measuring and valuing output in, 105–116

Education satellite account, recommendations for, 97

Educational psychology, 84

Educational satellite accounts, 93

Empathy, 87

ENRAP. See Environmental and Natural Resources Accounting Project

Environment, 4, 130, 163–177

current accounting approaches, 164, 169–171

definition and scope of coverage, 164–169

future directions, 171–175

the social environment, 175–177

Environmental and Natural Resources Accounting Project (ENRAP), 170, 172–173

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 164, 172–173

Environmental resources, renewable, in defining environment, 167–169

Estimation approaches and practice, in future environmental directions, 171–173

Ethical conduct, value of, 87

Euroqual-5D (five domains), 136

Eurostat, 56

Handbook, 121

Experimental methods, 2–3, 20

Externalities, 26–27

F

“Family disintegration,” 18

Family role in the production of human capital, 4, 79–92

conceptual framework, 79–81

defining human capital, 81–83

family inputs to the development of children’s human capital, 88–90

the human capital production function, 83–88

valuing the time parents devote to children, 91–92

Federal efforts, 97

recommendations for, 164

Federal Trade Commission, 55

501(c)(3) organizations, 142, 145

501(c)(4) organizations, 142–143, 145

Food preparation, 89

Form 990, 159

Form 990T, 159

Fourth World Conference on Women, 44

“Free-rider” behavior, 157

Full capital service flow, 99

Future directions in environmental accounting, 171–175

data needs, 174–175

estimation approaches and practice, 171–173

linkage with other nonmarket accounting efforts, 173–174

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2005. Beyond the Market: Designing Nonmarket Accounts for the United States. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11181.
×

G

GAAP. See Generally accepted accounting principles

Gardeners, 72

GDI. See Gross domestic income

GDP. See Gross domestic product

General Accounting Office, 153

General Social Survey (Canada), 45

Generalist approach, 102

Generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), 158, 161

Genetic differences, 84

Giving and Volunteering Survey, 146

Goods and services, classification of, 25–26

Government inputs

and market inputs, 97–99

recommendations for, 145

Government satellite accounts, 161

Government sector, 4, 141–162

conceptual framework, 143–146

data requirements, 159–160

donated goods, 153

measuring and valuing output in, 153–159

volunteer labor, 146–152

Grand Canyon, 34, 130

Grants-in-aid, 97

Great Depression, 14

Griliches, Zvi, 54, 153

Gross domestic income (GDI), 40–43

Gross domestic product (GDP), 1–2, 12, 16, 19, 23, 34, 40–44, 56–58, 62, 73–74, 93, 97–99, 120–121, 143, 154, 166

finding a replacement for, 16

Gross investment, 41

Grossman, Michael, 124

H

Handbook of National Accounting: Integrated Environmental and Economic Accounting, 163

Handbook on Nonprofit Institutions in the System of National Accounts, 121, 144, 150, 155

Head Start, 84

Health, 3–4, 117–140

adverse shocks to, 132

changes in, 125

conceptual framework for, 119–125

data requirements, 140

improvements in, 123

inputs and outputs of market and nonmarket, 124

measuring and valuing, 131–140

measuring and valuing inputs in, 125–131

valuing increments of, 137–140

Health and Labor Questionnaire, 136n

Health capital, producing, 86

Health-impairment approach, 134

Health research expenditures, as a percentage of GDP, 121

Health satellite accounts, 125

recommendations for, 118, 131

Health status, measuring, 133–137

Healthy activities, recommendations for, 128

Hedonic models, 114, 118, 174, 176–177

High School and Beyond Survey, 112

Home cleanliness, production function for, 61

Home-produced meals, in a household production account, stylized account for, 60

Home production, 3, 55–78

data requirements, 76–78

factory analogy, 59–62

measuring and valuing output of, 74–76

measuring inputs in, 63–68

valuing inputs of, 68–73

Home production data needs, 76–78

input quantities and prices (time use), 76–77

output quantities and prices, 77–78

Home schooling, 64

Household as a factory, 59–62

production function for home cleanliness, 61

stylized account for home-produced meals in a household production account, 60

Household members’ wage rates, in valuing inputs of home production, 69–70

Household production account

home-produced meals in, 60

recommendations for, 64, 74–76

Household technology, 60–61

Housing prices, 114

Housing value approach, to measuring and valuing output in education, 113–116

Human capital

acquiring, 114

defining, 81–83

family inputs to the development of children’s, 4, 88–90

investment in, 10, 21, 81

production function of, 83–88

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2005. Beyond the Market: Designing Nonmarket Accounts for the United States. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11181.
×

I

IALS. See International Adult Literacy Survey

IALS prose scores, 110

IEESA, 166–167, 171

Immigration policies, 80

“Incentive-enhancing” preferences, 82

Income accounts

national, 40–43

overview of national, 40–43

Incremental earnings approach to measuring and valuing output in education, 111–113

Increments of health, valuing, 137–140

Independent Sector, 146

Index-number theorists, 34

Indexes

chain-weighted quantity, 34

direct quantity-based, 118

price-deflated quantity, 118

quality-of-life, 132, 176

Indicator approach to measuring and valuing output, 107–111

IALS prose scores, 110

NAEP mathematics scores, 109

NAEP reading scores, 108

Infants, viewed as outputs, 80

Infectious diseases, 123

Input-output accounts, 40

Inputs

in education, measuring and valuing, 97–105

in health, measuring and valuing, 125–131

in home production, measuring, 63–68

of home production, valuing, 68–73

quantities and prices (time use) for home production data requirements, 76–77

Internal Revenue Code, 143, 145

International Adult Literacy Survey (IALS), 110, 114–115

Internet, 57

Investment, 94, 101, 111

Investments families make, in preparing children for the future, 4–5

IRS Form 990, 158–159

Italy, 154

J

Journal of Economic Perspectives, 157n

K

“Knowledge sector,” 120

Kuznets, Simon, 1, 9, 55

L

Labor supply, 139

Laissez faire societies, 168

Laundry example, 75, 77

Leisure, 19, 61

Leontief system, 170

M

Marginal valuation, and total valuation, 36–37

Marital matching, idiosyncrasies inherent in, 51

Market and nonmarket factors, in defining environment, 165–166

Market-based production technology, 59

Market inputs, and government inputs, 97–99

Market-oriented approaches, to health, 120–122

Market prices, 155–156

Market service providers, 31

Market substitutes, price of, in valuing inputs of home production, 68–69

Maternal employment, 89

Meal preparation, 29

Measure of Economic and Social Performance project (MESP), 173

Measurement objectives, 17–19

Measuring and valuing health, 131–140

defining the output, 131–133

measuring health status, 133–137

valuing increments of health, 137–140

Measuring and valuing inputs in education, 97–105

market and government inputs, 97–99

national education expenses, 97–98

nonmarket time inputs, 100–105

Measuring and valuing inputs in health, 125–131

Measuring and valuing output in education, 105–116

housing value approach, 113–116

incremental earnings approach, 111–113

indicator approach, 107–111

Measuring and valuing output in government and private nonprofit sectors, 153–159

value imputations, 158–159

zero price problem, 155–158

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2005. Beyond the Market: Designing Nonmarket Accounts for the United States. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11181.
×

Measuring and valuing output of home production, 74–76

Measuring health status, 133–137

Measuring inputs in home production, 63–68

time spent in home production, 65, 67

Measuring quantities, 27–28

Measuring time use, 43–52

American Time Use Survey, 45–52

previous collections of time-use data, 44–45

problems and nonproblems with ATUS, 48–52

Medical care, 3, 22, 80, 118, 123

as a percentage of GDP, 121

Medicare program, 43

Medicine, discoveries in, 13

MESP. See Measure of Economic and Social Performance project

Microwave ovens, 57

Mill, John Stuart, 93

Monetary values, 35

Motivation, 12–14

Mozambique, 155

Multinational Time Use Survey, 89

N

NAMEA system, 170

National accounts, 56

National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 108–110, 114–115

mathematics scores, 109

reading scores, 108

National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), 55, 173

National Center for Charitable Statistics, 159

National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), 52–53, 94, 97

National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), 28, 122

National Education Association, 94

National education expenditures, 97–98

National health accounts, 120, 136n, 140

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 140

National health expenditures, 121

National Health Interview Survey, 140

National Health Interview Survey on Disability, 126

National income accountants, 75

National income and product accounts (NIPAs), 1–2, 5, 9–12, 16–17, 20–27, 39–43, 54–55, 63, 73, 78, 94, 117–122, 133, 142–148, 153, 156, 162, 166, 168–169, 172, 176

gross domestic product and gross domestic income, 41

imputations in, 42

scope of coverage in, 14–16

National income trends, 149

National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Early Child Care Research Network, 83

National Institutes of Health, 157

National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 113

National monuments, 34

National Research Council, 35, 119n

National Science Foundation, 66, 157, 173

National well being, 16

Natural resource depreciation, 165, 167

Nature’s Numbers, 4, 130, 163–164, 167, 171–175

NBER. See National Bureau of Economic Research

NCES. See National Center for Education Statistics

NCHS. See National Center for Health Statistics

“Near-market” activities, 18

Netherlands, 122, 155, 170

Netting-out rule, 129

New drugs, 118, 120

New Nonprofit Almanac, 142

NHANES. See National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

NIPAs. See National income and product accounts

Noncompensated care services, 126

Nonlabor inputs, inputs of home production, valuing, 73

Nonmarket accounting priorities, 19–23

linkage in future environmental directions, 173–174

Nonmarket factors, 2, 5–6, 10, 13, 35.

See also Market and nonmarket factors

development of, 12

production, 21, 32

recommendations for, 35, 37

in service-oriented areas, 8

Nonmarket satellite accounts, recommendations for, 23

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2005. Beyond the Market: Designing Nonmarket Accounts for the United States. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11181.
×

Nonmarket time inputs, 100–105

time estimates, 100

time valuations, 101–105

Nonmedical technology, 3

Nonprofit economic activity, 11

recommendations for, 145

Nonprofit organizations, 141–144

Nordhaus, William, 18

Nutrition, 123

O

OECD. See Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

Office for National Statistics (United Kingdom), 45, 56, 81

“On call” schedules, 88

Opportunity-cost-based approach, 6, 30, 102

Opportunity costs

calculating, 32

non-negative, 103

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 63n, 154

Aging-Related Diseases Study, 122

Out-of-pocket expenditures, 88

Outdoor cleaning, example of valuing inputs of home production, 72–73

Output in education

measuring and valuing, 105–116

recommendations for, 116

Output in government and private nonprofit sectors, measuring and valuing, 153–159

Output in measuring and valuing health, defining, 131–133

Output of home production, measuring and valuing, 74–76

Output quantities and prices, for home production data requirements, 77–78

Own-time inputs, 128

Owner-occupied housing, rental value of, 15

Ownership, 165

P

Paid caregivers, 91

Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), 91

Child Development Supplement, 89

Panel to Study the Design of Nonmarket Accounts, 2, 10

Parenting, 85, 102

Personal Consumption Expenditure report, 77

Personal responsibility, 82, 87

Philippines, 155, 170, 172–173

Physical capital stock, 10

Pigou, A.C., 14

Policy, 124, 168

Policy makers, 1

Pollution, 28, 130, 164–167, 172, 175

Poverty lines, 13

Price-deflated quantity index, 118

Price indexes, 27

Prices

assignment of, 28–34

of market substitutes, in valuing inputs of home production, 68–69

Private nonprofit sector, 4, 141–162

conceptual framework, 143–146

data requirements, 159–160

donated goods, 153

measuring and valuing output in, 153–159

volunteer labor, 146–152

Pro bono legal services, 147, 149–150

“Pro-social” preferences, 82

Product accounts

national, 40–43

overview of national, 40–43

Productive capacity, 82

Productivity

economic, 1

estimating, 94

for home cleanliness, 61

in medical care, 117, 119

trends in, 115

Productivity-equivalent replacement wage, 102–103

PSID. See Panel Study of Income Dynamics

Public Broadcasting System, 155

Public goods, 141

Public policy, 79

Publication schedule, appropriate, 22

Q

QALYs. See Quality-adjusted life years

Quality-adjusted life-expectancy, 132

Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), 124, 136

Quality-adjusted replacement cost, an alternative approach to valuing inputs of home production, 70–71

Quality-of-life indexes, 132, 176

Quantities, measuring, 27–28

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2005. Beyond the Market: Designing Nonmarket Accounts for the United States. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11181.
×

Quantity-based index, direct, 118

QWB (quality of well-being) survey, 136

R

Rawl’s veil of ignorance, 139

Recommendations

for the American Time Use Survey, 7, 46–48, 77

for the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), 59

for the Bureau of Labor Statistics, 7, 48–52

for demographic data, 7–8, 53–54

for donated goods, 146

for an education satellite account, 97

for federal efforts, 164

for government inputs, 145

for health satellite accounts, 118, 131

for healthy activities, 128

for a household production account, 64, 74–76

for nonmarket satellite accounts, 23

for nonprofit economic activity, 145

for output in education, 116

for a replacement cost measure, 6, 32

for satellite accounts for household production, 73

for statistical agencies, 4

for time inputs, 68, 71

for time inputs to education, 103–105

for time use patterns, 100

for unpaid time, 127

for volunteer labor, 152

Regression discontinuity approach, 115

Reid, Margaret, 63

Religious organizations, 87, 143

Renewable environmental resources, in defining environment, 167–169

Replacement cost approach, recommendations for, 6, 32

Replacement wages, productivity-equivalent, 102–103

Research and development (R&D), 3, 130

Roofing example, 127

S

Safety devices, 3

Satellite accounts, 2–5, 11, 16–18

for education, 93

for government, 161

for health, 125

for household production, recommendations for, 73

nonmarket, 23

School expenditures, 13

Scientific inventions, 13

Scope of coverage in the NIPAs, 14–16

SEEA. See System of integrated environmental and economic accounting

Self-maintenance, 112

Self-selection, 138

“Sentinel capabilities,” 84

Services. See Goods and services

Sex act, 63–64

SF-36 questionnaire, 136

Shadow wages, 160

Sleep, 63–64, 112, 128–129

Smith, Adam, 93

Smoking, 129

SNA. See System of National Accounts

Social capital, 21, 34

Social scientists, encouraging in study of nonmarket activities, 10

Social welfare, contributions to, 1

“Soft skills,” 82

South Africa, 155

Specialist approach, 102

Staged approach, 2

Standardized tests, 114

2003 Statistical Abstract, 13

Statistical agencies, recommendations for, 4

Statistics Canada, 88

Subsoil resources, in defining environment, 166–167

Sweden, 110, 155

Symptoms, grading, 136

System of integrated environmental and economic accounting (SEEA), 163, 170–171

System of National Accounts (SNA), 14, 17, 63n, 144, 151, 154, 169–171

T

Technical changes, 13, 57

Technology, 25, 29

household, 60–61

nonmedical, 130

Test scores, 107, 109, 113–115

Time diary, 46

Time estimates, 100

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2005. Beyond the Market: Designing Nonmarket Accounts for the United States. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11181.
×

Time inputs, 4, 6–7, 14, 30

market value of, 31

recommendations for, 68, 71

Time inputs to education

recommendations for, 103–105

value of, 104

Time parents devote to children, valuing, 91–92

Time spent in home production, 65, 67

Time use

by children, 90

measuring, 43–52

patterns of, recommendations for, 100

Time-use data, 39, 88

previous collections of, 44–45

Time valuations, 101–105

Tobin, James, 18

Total valuation, and marginal valuation, 36–37

Transaction costs, 31, 60

Travel-cost method, 172, 174

Treatment-based cost-of-disease approach, 122

Trends

historical, 13

in national income, 149

in productivity, 115

Trust for Philanthropy, 159

U

United Kingdom, 45, 56, 76, 81, 110, 122

United Nations, 14, 163

University of Essex, Multinational Time Use Survey, 89

University of Maryland, 44, 66

University of Michigan, 44, 50

Unpaid time, 11

recommendations for, 127

Unpriced labor time, 148

Urban Institute, 146

National Center for Charitable Statistics, 159

Utility-based measures, 135

V

Valuation issues, 34–36

Value

imputations of, 158–159

of life, 177

of time inputs to education, 104

Valuing increments of health, 137–140

Valuing inputs of home production, 68–73

example of outdoor cleaning, 72–73

household members’ wage rates, 69–70

price of market substitutes, 68–69

quality-adjusted replacement cost (alternative approach), 70–71

valuing nonlabor inputs, 73

Valuing the time parents devote to children, 91–92

Vocational students, 114

Volunteer labor, 4, 96, 126, 144

in the government and private nonprofit sectors, 146–152

recommendations for, 152

W

Wage employment, women’s participation in, 58

Wage rates, 82

for household members, in valuing inputs of home production, 69–70

marginal, 30

shadow, 160

Walker, Francis, 55

Welfare lines, 13

Willingness-to-pay estimates, 174

Work Limitation Questionnaire, 136n

Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire, 136n

World Wars, disruptions attributable to, 14

Y

YHL (years of healthy life expectancy), 136

Youth sports organization, 33

Z

Zero price problem, 155–158

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2005. Beyond the Market: Designing Nonmarket Accounts for the United States. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11181.
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The national income and product accounts that underlie gross domestic product (GDP), together with other key economic data—price and employment statistics— are widely used as indicators of how well the nation is doing. GDP, however, is focused on the production of goods and services sold in markets and reveals relatively little about important production in the home and other areas outside of markets. A set of satellite accounts—in areas such as health, education, volunteer and home production, and environmental improvement or pollution—would contribute to a better understanding of major issues related to economic growth and societal well-being.

Beyond the Market: Designing Nonmarket Accounts for the United States hopes to encourage social scientists to make further efforts and contributions in the analysis of nonmarket activities and in corresponding data collection and accounting systems. The book illustrates new data sources and new ideas that have improved the prospects for progress.

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