has been used for healing for 40,000 years. Circular breathing supported by the sound frequency reaches deep into the subconscious.

Dream Therapy. The interpretation of dreams to assist in addressing problems and support resolution.

Ear Candling. Ear candles or cones of unbleached cotton or linen strips dipped in paraffin, beeswax, or herbs are burned, sending smoke and warmth inside the ear creating a vacuum effect to loosen buildup of wax and other debris.

Electrotherapy (TENS). Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation. Any form of medical treatment that uses electricity as a cure or relief. For example, as a way of stimulating nerves and connected muscles.

Emotional Freedom Technique (Tapping). Also called Thought Field Therapy. A brief, effective psychotherapy for the rapid resolution of negative emotions; tapping with your fingertips on the acupuncture meridian points while repeating some specific phrases.

Energy Field Medicine. Seven major Chakras, vortexes of energy within the human body, serve as a network of mind-body-spiritual energies.

Enzyme Therapy. Diet supplemented with plant-derived enzymes and pancreatic enzymes either independent of each other or in combinations determined by the prescriber.

Essences Therapy. Similar to Bach flower remedies. Water-based infusion activated by natural sunlight, stabilized usually with brandy.

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). The treatment of patients using guided eye movement while mentally focused on whatever mental image, negative thought, or body sensation the client wishes to address.

Fasting (Cleansing). The complete abstinence from all substances except purified water in an environment of total rest. Benefits include the promotion of detoxification and it gives the digestive system a rest.

Feldenkrais Method. A blend of science and aesthetics, uses two approaches to healing. “Awareness Through Movement,” directing students to move in specific ways related to early basic movements, and “Functional Integration,” movement custom tailored to the unique needs of each student.

Gerson Therapy. Combination of vigorous detoxification with nutrition aimed at restoring the body’s natural immunity and healing power.

Gestalt Therapy. Challenging a client with questions that increase awareness of feelings and so develop a stronger ability to face day-to-day situations and problems.

Guided Imagery. The use of relaxation and mental visualization to improve mood and or physical well-being.

Healing Touch. An energy based therapeutic approach to healing. Using hands-on and energy-based techniques to balance and align the human energy field.

Front Matter (R1-R22)

Executive Summary (1-12)

1 Introduction (13-33)

2 Prevalence, Cost, and Patterns of CAM Use (34-73)

3 Contemporary Approaches to Evidence of Treatment Effectiveness: A Context for CAM Research (74-107)

4 Need for Innovative Designs in Research on CAM and Conventional Medicine (108-128)

5 State of Emerging Evidence on CAM (129-167)

6 An Ethical Framework for CAM Research, Practice, and Policy (168-195)

7 Integration of CAM and Conventional Medicine (196-225)

8 Educational Programs in CAM (226-252)

9 Dietary Supplements (253-277)

10 Conclusion (278-282)

Appendix A: CAM Therapies, Practices, and Systems (283-292)

Appendix B: Consortium of Academic Health Centers for Integrative Medicine (293-294)

Appendix C: Table 1-1 List of Abbreviations (295-295)

Appendix D: Liaison Panel Organizations (296-297)

Appendix E: Model Guidelines for the Use of Complementary and Alternative Therapies in Medical Practice (298-306)

Appendix F: National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine Research Centers (307-309)

Appendix G: Public Meetings (310-318)

Appendix H: Committee Biosketches (319-326)

Index (327-338)