OPPORTUNITIES IN HIGH MAGNETIC FIELD SCIENCE
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, D.C.
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NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This study was supported by Grant No. DMR-0318562 between the National Academy of Sciences and the National Science Foundation. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project.
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Library of Congress Control Number: 2005924159
Cover (clockwise from left): Axial MRI scan of the human brain; decoherence of electron spins near a quantum phase transition by a nuclear spin bath, imaged by inelastic neutron scattering as a function of magnetic field, courtesy H.M. Ronnow, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique at Grenoble, France; Meissner-effect levitation of a high-temperature superconductor over a rare-earth magnet, courtesy F. Kraehenbuehl, Cables Cortaillod S.A.; ribbon representation of a large protein complex composed of two copies of the E. coli histidine phosphocarrier protein (in green) and two copies of subunit A of the enzyme II mannose protein (in red and blue), courtesy M. Clore and D.C. Williams, National Institutes of Health.
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1939-2004
The Committee on Opportunities in High Magnetic Field Science dedicates this report to a dear friend and valued colleague, Jack E. Crow. His vision, enthusiasm, and energy helped to move high magnetic field research forward, and his strong voice helped bring it to the attention of the nation. The committee was honored to hear from Jack at its December 2003 meeting at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory; his words were as wise, patient, and humorous as always. Photo courtesy of the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory.
COMMITTEE ON OPPORTUNITIES IN HIGH MAGNETIC FIELD SCIENCE
PETER B. MOORE,
Yale University,
Chair
GABRIEL AEPPLI,
University College London
MEIGAN ARONSON,
University of Michigan
PAUL M. CHAIKIN,
Princeton University
PAUL D. ELLIS,
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
PETER F. GREEN,
University of Texas at Austin
DAVID C. LARBALESTIER,
University of Wisconsin at Madison
J. DAVID LITSTER,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
JOSEPH MINERVINI,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
J. MICHAEL ROWE,
National Institute of Standards and Technology
JOHN M. ROWELL,
Arizona State University
MANSOUR SHAYEGAN,
Princeton University
ROBERT TYCKO,
National Institutes of Health
VALERII VINOKUR,
Argonne National Laboratory
Staff
DONALD C. SHAPERO, Director
TIMOTHY I. MEYER, Program Officer
MAUREEN MELLODY, Program Officer (August 2003-December 2003)
DAVID B. LANG, Research Assistant
PAMELA A. LEWIS, Program Associate
VAN AN, Financial Associate
SOLID STATE SCIENCES COMMITTEE
MARC A. KASTNER,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Chair
PETER F. GREEN,
University of Texas at Austin,
Vice Chair
DAVID D. AWSCHALOM,
University of California at Santa Barbara
ANGELA M. BELCHER,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
ROBERT J. CAVA,
Princeton University
JOHN CLARKE,
University of California at Berkeley
DUANE B. DIMOS,
Sandia National Laboratories
JAMES P. EISENSTEIN,
California Institute of Technology
PETER C. EKLUND,
Pennsylvania State University
PATRICK D. GALLAGHER,
National Institute of Standards and Technology, Center for Neutron Research
SHARON C. GLOTZER,
University of Michigan
BARBARA JONES,
IBM Almaden Research Center
STEVEN A. KIVELSON,
Stanford University
HERWIG KOGELNIK,
Bell Laboratories and Lucent Technologies, Inc.
ANTHONY J. LEGGETT,
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
M. BRIAN MAPLE,
University of California at San Diego
SIDNEY R. NAGEL,
University of Chicago
ARTHUR P. RAMIREZ,
Lucent Technologies, Inc.
A. DOUGLAS STONE,
Yale University
CHRIS G. VAN DE WALLE,
University of California at Santa Barbara
Staff
DONALD C. SHAPERO, Director
TIMOTHY I. MEYER, Program Officer
DAVID B. LANG, Research Assistant
VAN AN, Financial Associate
BOARD ON PHYSICS AND ASTRONOMY
BURTON RICHTER,
Stanford University,
Chair
ANNEILA L. SARGENT,
California Institute of Technology,
Vice Chair
ELIHU ABRAHAMS,
Rutgers University
JONATHAN BAGGER,
Johns Hopkins University
GORDON A. BAYM,
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
RONALD C. DAVIDSON,
Princeton University
WILLIAM EATON,
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
RAYMOND J. FONCK,
University of Wisconsin at Madison
ANDREA M. GHEZ,
University of California at Los Angeles
LAURA H. GREENE,
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
FRANCES HELLMAN,
University of California at Berkeley
ERICH P. IPPEN,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
MARC A. KASTNER,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
CHRISTOPHER F. McKEE,
University of California at Berkeley
JULIA M. PHILLIPS,
Sandia National Laboratories
THOMAS M. THEIS,
IBM T.J. Watson Research Center
C. MEGAN URRY,
Yale University
CARL E. WIEMAN,
JILA/University of Colorado
Staff
DONALD C. SHAPERO, Director
TIMOTHY I. MEYER, Program Officer
BRIAN D. DEWHURST, Senior Program Associate
DAVID B. LANG, Research Assistant
PAMELA A. LEWIS, Program Associate
VAN AN, Financial Associate
Acknowledgment of Reviewers
This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council’s Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this report:
Elihu Abrahams, Rutgers University,
Jack Bass, Michigan State University,
W.F. Brinkman, Princeton University,
Frances Hellman, University of California at Berkeley,
Franz Himpsel, University of Wisconsin at Madison,
Gottfried Landwehr, University of Wuerzburg,
M. Brian Maple, University of California at San Diego,
Peter Schiffer, Pennsylvania State University,
Gerhard Wagner, Harvard Medical School, and
Albert Zeller, National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory.
We also wish to thank the following individuals for their review of the committee’s interim letter report:
Shirley Chiang, University of California at Davis,
Linda J. (Lee) Magid, University of Tennessee at Knoxville,
Thomas Mareci, University of Florida, and
Peter Wanderer, Brookhaven National Laboratory.
Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the conclusions or recommendations, nor did they see the final draft of the report before its release. The review of this report was overseen by Mildred S. Dresselhaus, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Appointed by the National Research Council, she was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the authoring committee and the institution.
Acknowledgments
The members of the Committee on Opportunities in High Magnetic Field Science wish to thank the nonmembers who made formal presentations at its meetings (their names appear in Appendix D). Their presentations and the ensuing discussions were extremely informative and had a major impact on the committee’s deliberations. The committee also thanks those who sent in letters and e-mail messages in response to its public request for input from the very large community of scientists who use high-field magnets. The committee is particularly grateful to the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory in Tallahassee both for its hospitality when the committee met there and for its willingness to discuss with the committee every aspect of its operations.
It would be impossible for the members of a National Research Council committee to produce a useful report without the help of NRC staff. Timothy Meyer and Donald Shapero of the Board on Physics and Astronomy guided us through the entire process. Their wise advice helped shape our report, and their hard work ensured its timely production.