National Academies Press: OpenBook

Opportunities in High Magnetic Field Science (2005)

Chapter: Front Matter

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2005. Opportunities in High Magnetic Field Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11211.
×

OPPORTUNITIES IN HIGH MAGNETIC FIELD SCIENCE

Committee on Opportunities in High Magnetic Field Science

Solid State Sciences Committee

Board on Physics and Astronomy

Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences

NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, D.C.
www.nap.edu

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2005. Opportunities in High Magnetic Field Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11211.
×

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001

NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.

This study was supported by Grant No. DMR-0318562 between the National Academy of Sciences and the National Science Foundation. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project.

International Standard Book Number 0-309-09582-4 (Book)

International Standard Book Number 0-309-54847-0 (PDF)

Library of Congress Control Number: 2005924159

Cover (clockwise from left): Axial MRI scan of the human brain; decoherence of electron spins near a quantum phase transition by a nuclear spin bath, imaged by inelastic neutron scattering as a function of magnetic field, courtesy H.M. Ronnow, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique at Grenoble, France; Meissner-effect levitation of a high-temperature superconductor over a rare-earth magnet, courtesy F. Kraehenbuehl, Cables Cortaillod S.A.; ribbon representation of a large protein complex composed of two copies of the E. coli histidine phosphocarrier protein (in green) and two copies of subunit A of the enzyme II mannose protein (in red and blue), courtesy M. Clore and D.C. Williams, National Institutes of Health.

Additional copies of this report are available from the
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Copyright 2005 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

Printed in the United States of America

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2005. Opportunities in High Magnetic Field Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11211.
×

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine

The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences.

The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Wm. A. Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering.

The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.

The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts and Dr. Wm. A. Wulf are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.

www.national-academies.org

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2005. Opportunities in High Magnetic Field Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11211.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2005. Opportunities in High Magnetic Field Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11211.
×

1939-2004


The Committee on Opportunities in High Magnetic Field Science dedicates this report to a dear friend and valued colleague, Jack E. Crow. His vision, enthusiasm, and energy helped to move high magnetic field research forward, and his strong voice helped bring it to the attention of the nation. The committee was honored to hear from Jack at its December 2003 meeting at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory; his words were as wise, patient, and humorous as always. Photo courtesy of the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2005. Opportunities in High Magnetic Field Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11211.
×

COMMITTEE ON OPPORTUNITIES IN HIGH MAGNETIC FIELD SCIENCE

PETER B. MOORE,

Yale University,

Chair

GABRIEL AEPPLI,

University College London

MEIGAN ARONSON,

University of Michigan

PAUL M. CHAIKIN,

Princeton University

PAUL D. ELLIS,

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

PETER F. GREEN,

University of Texas at Austin

DAVID C. LARBALESTIER,

University of Wisconsin at Madison

J. DAVID LITSTER,

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

JOSEPH MINERVINI,

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

J. MICHAEL ROWE,

National Institute of Standards and Technology

JOHN M. ROWELL,

Arizona State University

MANSOUR SHAYEGAN,

Princeton University

ROBERT TYCKO,

National Institutes of Health

VALERII VINOKUR,

Argonne National Laboratory

Staff

DONALD C. SHAPERO, Director

TIMOTHY I. MEYER, Program Officer

MAUREEN MELLODY, Program Officer (August 2003-December 2003)

DAVID B. LANG, Research Assistant

PAMELA A. LEWIS, Program Associate

VAN AN, Financial Associate

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2005. Opportunities in High Magnetic Field Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11211.
×

SOLID STATE SCIENCES COMMITTEE

MARC A. KASTNER,

Massachusetts Institute of Technology,

Chair

PETER F. GREEN,

University of Texas at Austin,

Vice Chair

DAVID D. AWSCHALOM,

University of California at Santa Barbara

ANGELA M. BELCHER,

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

ROBERT J. CAVA,

Princeton University

JOHN CLARKE,

University of California at Berkeley

DUANE B. DIMOS,

Sandia National Laboratories

JAMES P. EISENSTEIN,

California Institute of Technology

PETER C. EKLUND,

Pennsylvania State University

PATRICK D. GALLAGHER,

National Institute of Standards and Technology, Center for Neutron Research

SHARON C. GLOTZER,

University of Michigan

BARBARA JONES,

IBM Almaden Research Center

STEVEN A. KIVELSON,

Stanford University

HERWIG KOGELNIK,

Bell Laboratories and Lucent Technologies, Inc.

ANTHONY J. LEGGETT,

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

M. BRIAN MAPLE,

University of California at San Diego

SIDNEY R. NAGEL,

University of Chicago

ARTHUR P. RAMIREZ,

Lucent Technologies, Inc.

A. DOUGLAS STONE,

Yale University

CHRIS G. VAN DE WALLE,

University of California at Santa Barbara

Staff

DONALD C. SHAPERO, Director

TIMOTHY I. MEYER, Program Officer

DAVID B. LANG, Research Assistant

VAN AN, Financial Associate

Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2005. Opportunities in High Magnetic Field Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11211.
×

BOARD ON PHYSICS AND ASTRONOMY

BURTON RICHTER,

Stanford University,

Chair

ANNEILA L. SARGENT,

California Institute of Technology,

Vice Chair

ELIHU ABRAHAMS,

Rutgers University

JONATHAN BAGGER,

Johns Hopkins University

GORDON A. BAYM,

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

RONALD C. DAVIDSON,

Princeton University

WILLIAM EATON,

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

RAYMOND J. FONCK,

University of Wisconsin at Madison

ANDREA M. GHEZ,

University of California at Los Angeles

LAURA H. GREENE,

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

FRANCES HELLMAN,

University of California at Berkeley

ERICH P. IPPEN,

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

MARC A. KASTNER,

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

CHRISTOPHER F. McKEE,

University of California at Berkeley

JULIA M. PHILLIPS,

Sandia National Laboratories

THOMAS M. THEIS,

IBM T.J. Watson Research Center

C. MEGAN URRY,

Yale University

CARL E. WIEMAN,

JILA/University of Colorado

Staff

DONALD C. SHAPERO, Director

TIMOTHY I. MEYER, Program Officer

BRIAN D. DEWHURST, Senior Program Associate

DAVID B. LANG, Research Assistant

PAMELA A. LEWIS, Program Associate

VAN AN, Financial Associate

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2005. Opportunities in High Magnetic Field Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11211.
×

Acknowledgment of Reviewers

This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council’s Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this report:

Elihu Abrahams, Rutgers University,

Jack Bass, Michigan State University,

W.F. Brinkman, Princeton University,

Frances Hellman, University of California at Berkeley,

Franz Himpsel, University of Wisconsin at Madison,

Gottfried Landwehr, University of Wuerzburg,

M. Brian Maple, University of California at San Diego,

Peter Schiffer, Pennsylvania State University,

Gerhard Wagner, Harvard Medical School, and

Albert Zeller, National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2005. Opportunities in High Magnetic Field Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11211.
×

We also wish to thank the following individuals for their review of the committee’s interim letter report:

Shirley Chiang, University of California at Davis,

Linda J. (Lee) Magid, University of Tennessee at Knoxville,

Thomas Mareci, University of Florida, and

Peter Wanderer, Brookhaven National Laboratory.

Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the conclusions or recommendations, nor did they see the final draft of the report before its release. The review of this report was overseen by Mildred S. Dresselhaus, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Appointed by the National Research Council, she was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the authoring committee and the institution.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2005. Opportunities in High Magnetic Field Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11211.
×

Acknowledgments

The members of the Committee on Opportunities in High Magnetic Field Science wish to thank the nonmembers who made formal presentations at its meetings (their names appear in Appendix D). Their presentations and the ensuing discussions were extremely informative and had a major impact on the committee’s deliberations. The committee also thanks those who sent in letters and e-mail messages in response to its public request for input from the very large community of scientists who use high-field magnets. The committee is particularly grateful to the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory in Tallahassee both for its hospitality when the committee met there and for its willingness to discuss with the committee every aspect of its operations.

It would be impossible for the members of a National Research Council committee to produce a useful report without the help of NRC staff. Timothy Meyer and Donald Shapero of the Board on Physics and Astronomy guided us through the entire process. Their wise advice helped shape our report, and their hard work ensured its timely production.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2005. Opportunities in High Magnetic Field Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11211.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2005. Opportunities in High Magnetic Field Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11211.
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 Recent Developments in Solution NMR,

 

52

   

 Solid-State NMR,

 

53

   

 NMR in Condensed-Matter Physics,

 

54

   

 Magnetic Resonance Imaging,

 

56

   

 Prospects for Improvements with Still Higher Fields,

 

57

   

 Strategic Considerations for Higher Field NMR,

 

61

   

 Ion Cyclotron Resonance,

 

62

   

 Electron Paramagnetic Resonance,

 

63

   

 Importance of Ancillary Technological Development,

 

64

   

 Other Scientific Uses of High-Field Magnets,

 

66

3

 

TECHNOLOGICAL CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR DEVELOPING HIGHER FIELDS

 

69

   

 What Is the Challenge?,

 

69

   

 Resistive DC Magnets,

 

73

   

 Present Status,

 

74

   

 Outlook for Resistive DC Magnets,

 

75

   

 Pulsed Magnets,

 

75

   

 Advantages and Disadvantages,

 

78

   

 The Potential for Expanding the Use of Pulsed Magnets,

 

81

   

 Outlook for Pulsed Magnets,

 

8

   

 Superconducting Magnets,

 

82

   

 Superconductors Used for Magnet Construction,

 

83

   

 Economic Considerations,

 

84

   

 Additional Conductor Requirements: Hirr,

 

85

   

 Critical Current Densities,

 

88

   

 Existing Conductor Materials,

 

88

   

 Emerging Superconducting Materials,

 

93

   

 Superconducting Magnet Design,

 

96

   

 Outlook for Superconducting Magnets,

 

98

   

 Hybrid Magnets,

 

98

   

 Design Challenges,

 

100

   

 Outlook for Hybrid Magnets,

 

101

   

 Coordination of Magnet Development,

 

102

4

 

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

 

103

   

 Conclusions,

 

103

   

 Current State and Future Prospects,

 

103

   

 U.S. High-Field Efforts in the International Context,

 

104

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2005. Opportunities in High Magnetic Field Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11211.
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High-field magnets—those that operate at the limits of the mechanical and/or electromagnetic properties of their structural materials—are used as research tools in a variety of scientific disciplines. The study of high magnetic fields themselves is also important in many areas such as astrophysics. Because of their importance in scientific research and the possibility of new breakthroughs, the National Science Foundation asked the National Research Council to assess the current state of and future prospects for high-field science and technology in the United States. This report presents the results of that assessment. It focuses on scientific and technological challenges and opportunities, and not on specific program activities. The report provides findings and recommendations about important research directions, the relative strength of U.S. efforts compared to other countries, and ways in which the program can operate more effectively.

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