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Spinal Cord Injury: Progress, Promise, and Priorities
TABLE 2-5 Cell Types Involved in Spinal Cord Injuries
Cell Type
Function and Description
Carries information within the brain to the rest of the body by conducting electrical signals from neuron to neuron
Several functional types: motor neuron, sensory neuron, autonomic neuron, and interneuron
A type of glial cell found in the CNS
Sequesters potassium ions during neural activity
Removes excess neurotransmitters (e.g., glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid)
Reacts to injury with hypertrophy and cell division, an increase in protein filaments, and formation of a glial scar
A type of glial cell found in the CNS
Forms myelin that insulates the neurons’ axons to expedite transmission of electrical signals
One oligodendrocyte myelinates multiple axons
Produces molecules, including Nogo-A, that inhibit neurite outgrowth
Found in the peripheral nervous system
Forms myelin that insulates the neurons’ axons to expedite transmission of electrical signals
