TABLE E-1 Characteristics of Doctorates in the Biomedical Sciences, 1973–2003
|
1970 |
1971 |
1972 |
1973 |
1974 |
1975 |
1976 |
1977 |
1978 |
1979 |
Total Doctorates |
2,882 |
3,132 |
3,116 |
3,135 |
3,013 |
3,085 |
3,150 |
3,050 |
3,118 |
3,212 |
Males |
2,420 |
2,572 |
2,530 |
2,474 |
2,340 |
2,347 |
2,424 |
2,351 |
2,311 |
2,351 |
Females |
462 |
560 |
586 |
661 |
673 |
738 |
726 |
699 |
807 |
861 |
Citizens |
2,385 |
2,591 |
2,573 |
2,582 |
2,381 |
2,556 |
2,610 |
2,528 |
2,628 |
2,738 |
Permanent residents |
160 |
198 |
215 |
231 |
209 |
194 |
165 |
169 |
147 |
133 |
Temporary residents |
312 |
266 |
256 |
253 |
283 |
256 |
277 |
261 |
259 |
253 |
Unknown |
25 |
77 |
72 |
69 |
140 |
79 |
98 |
92 |
84 |
88 |
Minorities |
2 |
1 |
3 |
80 |
84 |
86 |
80 |
78 |
108 |
79 |
Postdoctoral training |
|
|||||||||
Postdoctoral fellowship |
1,008 |
1,016 |
965 |
1,000 |
863 |
1,102 |
1,176 |
1,212 |
1,313 |
1,314 |
Postdoctoral research |
317 |
389 |
402 |
435 |
505 |
536 |
503 |
528 |
535 |
500 |
Postdoctoral traineeship |
64 |
84 |
83 |
46 |
39 |
54 |
56 |
69 |
75 |
100 |
Other training |
78 |
89 |
148 |
160 |
173 |
199 |
202 |
157 |
163 |
213 |
Total postdoctorates |
1,467 |
1,578 |
1,598 |
1,641 |
1,580 |
1,891 |
1,937 |
1,966 |
2,086 |
2,127 |
Percent planning |
52.8% |
54.0% |
55.1% |
55.9% |
57.5% |
65.0% |
65.9% |
68.5% |
71.5% |
70.4% |
Employment |
1,246 |
1,275 |
1,246 |
1,236 |
1,113 |
968 |
962 |
880 |
809 |
877 |
Other |
63 |
70 |
59 |
61 |
54 |
49 |
42 |
25 |
24 |
17 |
Ph.D. with plans |
2,776 |
2,923 |
2,903 |
2,938 |
2,747 |
2,908 |
2,941 |
2,871 |
2,919 |
3,021 |
Time to degree |
5.92 |
6 |
6 |
6.17 |
6.17 |
6 |
6.17 |
6.25 |
6.33 |
6.41 |
Registered time to degree |
5.41 |
5.42 |
5.67 |
5.75 |
5.67 |
5.59 |
5.75 |
5.75 |
5.91 |
5.91 |
Age at time of degree |
28.92 |
29 |
29.42 |
29.58 |
29.42 |
29.25 |
29.25 |
29.34 |
29.38 |
29.41 |
|
1987 |
1988 |
1989 |
1990 |
1991 |
1992 |
1993 |
1994 |
1995 |
1996 |
Total Doctorates |
3,465 |
3,769 |
3,793 |
3,992 |
4,294 |
4,442 |
4,794 |
4,863 |
5,079 |
5,366 |
Males |
2,214 |
2,377 |
2,348 |
2,477 |
2,655 |
2,740 |
2,864 |
2,887 |
2,955 |
3,102 |
Females |
1,251 |
1,392 |
1,445 |
1,515 |
1,639 |
1,702 |
1,930 |
1,976 |
2,124 |
2,264 |
Citizens |
2,670 |
2,858 |
2,850 |
2,899 |
3,050 |
3,072 |
3,264 |
3,203 |
3,278 |
3,291 |
Permanent residents |
153 |
176 |
173 |
183 |
210 |
240 |
296 |
641 |
831 |
801 |
Temporary residents |
455 |
515 |
570 |
814 |
987 |
1,078 |
1,165 |
980 |
918 |
1,173 |
Unknown |
187 |
220 |
200 |
96 |
62 |
66 |
98 |
57 |
73 |
121 |
Minorities |
128 |
123 |
135 |
135 |
159 |
162 |
190 |
223 |
243 |
246 |
Postdoctoral training |
|
|||||||||
Postdoctoral fellowship |
1,470 |
1,650 |
1,652 |
1,766 |
1,900 |
2,011 |
2,243 |
2,234 |
2,358 |
2,380 |
Postdoctoral research |
657 |
704 |
679 |
811 |
879 |
894 |
940 |
968 |
994 |
1,031 |
Postdoctoral traineeship |
75 |
81 |
65 |
76 |
87 |
81 |
99 |
111 |
107 |
115 |
Other training |
217 |
216 |
260 |
233 |
294 |
307 |
332 |
313 |
346 |
406 |
Total postdoctorates |
2,419 |
2,651 |
2,656 |
2,886 |
3,160 |
3,293 |
3,614 |
3,626 |
3,805 |
3,932 |
Percent planning |
74.9% |
75.8% |
75.1% |
77.0% |
77.0% |
77.2% |
78.6% |
78.1% |
7.9% |
77.7% |
Employment |
776 |
815 |
856 |
820 |
902 |
936 |
939 |
974 |
963 |
1,077 |
Other |
36 |
32 |
27 |
43 |
40 |
35 |
45 |
40 |
48 |
52 |
Ph.D. with plans |
3,231 |
3,498 |
3,539 |
3,749 |
4,102 |
4,264 |
4,598 |
4,640 |
4,816 |
5,061 |
Time to degree |
7.33 |
7.42 |
7.42 |
7.58 |
7.5 |
7.59 |
7.67 |
7.75 |
7.83 |
7.67 |
Registered time to degree |
6.5 |
6.58 |
6.5 |
6.59 |
6.58 |
6.75 |
6.75 |
6.75 |
6.83 |
6.83 |
Age at time of degree |
30.5 |
30.83 |
30.92 |
31.17 |
31.08 |
31.17 |
31.17 |
31.17 |
31.25 |
31.25 |
1980 |
1981 |
1982 |
1983 |
1984 |
1985 |
1986 |
3,396 |
3,356 |
3,444 |
3,338 |
3,399 |
3,313 |
3,369 |
2,440 |
2,383 |
2,417 |
2,224 |
2,315 |
2,192 |
2,197 |
956 |
973 |
1,027 |
1,114 |
1,084 |
1,121 |
1,172 |
2,905 |
2,898 |
2,927 |
2,854 |
2,868 |
2,727 |
2,751 |
147 |
125 |
114 |
108 |
109 |
113 |
118 |
273 |
248 |
294 |
291 |
308 |
364 |
343 |
71 |
85 |
109 |
85 |
114 |
109 |
157 |
83 |
91 |
94 |
86 |
99 |
104 |
119 |
1,362 |
1,364 |
1,385 |
1,313 |
1,446 |
1,409 |
1,415 |
626 |
616 |
625 |
668 |
625 |
634 |
699 |
103 |
70 |
78 |
70 |
68 |
66 |
58 |
225 |
255 |
275 |
247 |
238 |
200 |
196 |
2,316 |
2,305 |
2,363 |
2,298 |
2,377 |
2,309 |
2,368 |
71.6% |
72.3% |
72.6% |
72.1% |
74.2% |
73.8% |
74.9% |
891 |
865 |
860 |
851 |
791 |
790 |
759 |
29 |
20 |
31 |
37 |
34 |
28 |
36 |
3,236 |
3,190 |
3,254 |
3,186 |
3,202 |
3,127 |
3,163 |
6.5 |
6.5 |
6.67 |
7 |
7.09 |
7.17 |
7.25 |
6 |
6 |
6 |
6.17 |
6.33 |
6.42 |
6.41 |
29.25 |
29.33 |
29.59 |
29.83 |
30.25 |
30.42 |
30.59 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
5,459 |
5,465 |
5,340 |
5,547 |
5,397 |
5,375 |
5,412 |
3,110 |
3,113 |
3,074 |
3,060 |
2,984 |
3,015 |
2,960 |
2,349 |
2,352 |
2,266 |
2,478 |
2,403 |
2,358 |
2,439 |
3,451 |
3,492 |
3,438 |
3,620 |
3,623 |
3,563 |
3,534 |
562 |
533 |
477 |
364 |
341 |
315 |
266 |
1,233 |
1,213 |
1,224 |
1,336 |
1,202 |
1,222 |
1,341 |
243 |
241 |
218 |
227 |
231 |
275 |
366 |
261 |
277 |
308 |
315 |
364 |
367 |
358 |
2,293 |
2,312 |
2,223 |
2,340 |
2,170 |
2,269 |
2,343 |
979 |
1,027 |
977 |
931 |
882 |
884 |
932 |
87 |
69 |
75 |
148 |
102 |
109 |
172 |
193 |
250 |
476 |
362 |
387 |
273 |
311 |
3,552 |
3,658 |
3,751 |
3,781 |
3,541 |
3,535 |
3,758 |
71.1% |
73.0% |
75.8% |
73.6% |
71.0% |
71.3% |
75.0% |
1,288 |
1,257 |
1,152 |
1,276 |
1,373 |
1,368 |
1,193 |
156 |
93 |
43 |
83 |
76 |
58 |
60 |
4,996 |
5,008 |
4,946 |
5,140 |
4,990 |
4,961 |
5,011 |
7.92 |
7.83 |
7.59 |
7.75 |
7.83 |
7.59 |
7.59 |
6.92 |
6.92 |
6.75 |
6.84 |
6.92 |
6.75 |
6.67 |
31 |
30.92 |
30.83 |
30.91 |
30.83 |
30.67 |
30.58 |
TABLE E-2 Employment Characteristics of Biomedical Doctorates from U.S. Institutions, 1973–2001
|
1973 |
1975 |
1977 |
1979 |
1981 |
1983 |
1985 |
1987 |
Total employed in S&E |
34,367 |
39,661 |
43,411 |
48,591 |
53,357 |
56,481 |
61,810 |
65,800 |
|
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
Minority |
797 |
1,066 |
1,149 |
1,259 |
1,566 |
1,516 |
1,819 |
1,906 |
|
2.3% |
2.7% |
2.6% |
2.6% |
2.9% |
2.7% |
2.9% |
2.9% |
Citizens and permanent residents |
32,610 |
37,958 |
41,421 |
46,131 |
52,492 |
55,898 |
61,128 |
65,120 |
|
94.9% |
95.7% |
95.4% |
94.9% |
98.4% |
99.0% |
98.9% |
99.0% |
Temporary residents |
793 |
777 |
1,055 |
1,645 |
503 |
331 |
473 |
581 |
|
2.3% |
2.0% |
2.4% |
3.4% |
0.9% |
0.6% |
0.8% |
0.9% |
Total academics |
23,423 |
27,219 |
29,889 |
33,188 |
36,165 |
36,797 |
39,307 |
41,027 |
|
68.2% |
68.6% |
68.9% |
68.3% |
67.8% |
65.1% |
63.6% |
62.4% |
Faculty with rank appointments |
20,138 |
22,230 |
23,515 |
26,064 |
27,868 |
28,510 |
30,454 |
31,280 |
|
58.6% |
56.1% |
54.2% |
53.6% |
52.2% |
50.5% |
49.3% |
47.5% |
Tenured faculty |
4,567 |
13,376 |
14,345 |
15,636 |
17,836 |
18,884 |
20,114 |
19,157 |
|
13.3% |
33.7% |
33.0% |
32.2% |
33.4% |
33.4% |
32.5% |
29.1% |
Tenure-track faculty (not tenured) |
15,571 |
8,854 |
9,170 |
5,952 |
6,446 |
5,673 |
6,644 |
6,149 |
|
45.3% |
22.3% |
21.1% |
12.2% |
12.1% |
10.0% |
10.7% |
9.3% |
Academic postdoctorates |
1,713 |
2,615 |
3,507 |
4,358 |
4,722 |
4,405 |
4,450 |
4,784 |
|
5.0% |
6.6% |
8.1% |
9.0% |
8.8% |
7.8% |
7.2% |
7.3% |
Other academic appointments |
1,572 |
1,706 |
1,810 |
3,092 |
3,575 |
3,882 |
4,403 |
4,963 |
|
4.6% |
4.3% |
4.2% |
6.4% |
6.7% |
6.9% |
7.1% |
7.5% |
Industry (nonpostdoctorate) |
4,470 |
5,273 |
5,543 |
6,286 |
7,881 |
9,589 |
11,841 |
13,366 |
|
1.3% |
13.3% |
12.8% |
12.9% |
14.8% |
17.0% |
19.2% |
20.3% |
Industrial postdoctorates |
27 |
53 |
40 |
27 |
70 |
46 |
126 |
222 |
|
0.1% |
0.1% |
0.1% |
0.1% |
0.1% |
0.1% |
0.2% |
0.3% |
Government (nonpostdoctorate) |
3,675 |
3,785 |
3,914 |
4,449 |
4,545 |
4,843 |
5,026 |
5,725 |
|
10.7% |
9.5% |
9.0% |
9.2% |
8.5% |
8.6% |
8.1% |
8.7% |
Government postdoctorates |
156 |
245 |
336 |
327 |
286 |
444 |
373 |
529 |
|
0.5% |
0.6% |
0.8% |
0.7% |
0.5% |
0.8% |
0.6% |
0.8% |
Other sectors (nonpostdoctorate) |
2,303 |
2,624 |
3,029 |
3,551 |
3,778 |
3,909 |
4,082 |
4,199 |
|
6.7% |
6.6% |
7.0% |
7.3% |
7.1% |
6.9% |
6.6% |
6.4% |
Other-sector postdoctorates |
236 |
431 |
407 |
552 |
525 |
748 |
961 |
648 |
|
0.7% |
1.1% |
0.9% |
1.1% |
1.0% |
1.3% |
1.6% |
1.0% |
Doctorates with federal research support |
19,841 |
22,152 |
23,884 |
26,183 |
26,640 |
29,439 |
27,377 |
38,171 |
|
57.7% |
55.9% |
55.0% |
53.9% |
49.9% |
52.1% |
44.3% |
58.0% |
|
1989 |
1991 |
1993 |
1995 |
1997 |
1999 |
2001 |
Total employed in S&E |
70,593 |
71,962 |
76,449 |
79,077 |
88,481 |
95,780 |
100,224 |
|
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
Minority |
2,217 |
2,727 |
2,840 |
3,150 |
3,758 |
4,385 |
5,345 |
|
3.1% |
3.8% |
3.7% |
4.0% |
4.2% |
4.6% |
5.3% |
Citizens and permanent residents |
69,709 |
70,834 |
75,023 |
77,826 |
87,105 |
93,100 |
97,126 |
|
98.7% |
98.4% |
98.1% |
98.4% |
98.4% |
97.2% |
96.9% |
Temporary residents |
884 |
945 |
1,410 |
1,251 |
1,376 |
2,680 |
3,098 |
|
1.3% |
1.3% |
1.8% |
1.6% |
1.6% |
2.8% |
3.1% |
Total academics |
43,572 |
40,581 |
45,258 |
48,622 |
53,026 |
55,682 |
57,227 |
|
61.7% |
56.4% |
59.2% |
61.5% |
59.9% |
58.1% |
57.1% |
Faculty with rank appointments |
31,862 |
28,672 |
32,180 |
33,496 |
36,122 |
36,987 |
38,299 |
|
45.1% |
39.8% |
42.1% |
42.4% |
40.8% |
38.6% |
38.2% |
Tenured faculty |
19,755 |
17,106 |
19,070 |
19,516 |
20,326 |
21,535 |
21,695 |
|
28.0% |
23.8% |
24.9% |
24.7% |
23.0% |
22.5% |
21.6% |
Tenure-track faculty (not tenured) |
5,872 |
7,556 |
7,722 |
8,259 |
8,974 |
8,909 |
8,784 |
|
8.3% |
10.5% |
10.1% |
10.4% |
10.1% |
9.3% |
8.8% |
Academic postdoctorates |
5,993 |
4,819 |
6,431 |
7,701 |
9,620 |
10,145 |
9,692 |
|
8.5% |
6.7% |
8.4% |
9.7% |
10.9% |
10.6% |
9.7% |
Other academic appointments |
5,717 |
7,090 |
6,647 |
7,436 |
7,296 |
8,550 |
9,236 |
|
8.1% |
9.9% |
8.7% |
9.4% |
8.2% |
8.9% |
9.2% |
Industry (nonpostdoctorate) |
15,376 |
18,309 |
19,538 |
18,949 |
21,643 |
26,216 |
28,935 |
|
21.8% |
25.4% |
25.6% |
24.0% |
24.5% |
27.4% |
28.9% |
Industrial postdoctorates |
206 |
204 |
376 |
531 |
561 |
591 |
293 |
|
0.3% |
0.3% |
0.5% |
0.7% |
0.6% |
0.6% |
0.3% |
Government (nonpostdoctorate) |
5,776 |
6,157 |
6,143 |
6,074 |
7,212 |
7,240 |
7,886 |
|
8.2% |
8.6% |
8.0% |
7.7% |
8.2% |
7.6% |
7.9% |
Government postdoctorates |
514 |
432 |
1057 |
1111 |
1437 |
1180 |
1050 |
|
0.7% |
0.6% |
1.4% |
1.4% |
1.6% |
1.2% |
1.1% |
Other sectors (nonpostdoctorate) |
4,363 |
5,303 |
3,356 |
3,028 |
3,728 |
4,005 |
4,213 |
|
6.2% |
7.4% |
4.4% |
3.8% |
4.2% |
4.2% |
4.2% |
Other-sector postdoctorates |
671 |
681 |
721 |
762 |
874 |
866 |
620 |
|
1.0% |
0.9% |
0.9% |
1.0% |
1.0% |
0.9% |
0.6% |
Doctorates with federal research support |
40,655 |
38,490 |
29,261 |
31,513 |
34,678 |
41,707 |
42,012 |
|
57.6% |
53.5% |
38.3% |
39.9% |
39.2% |
43.5% |
41.9% |
TABLE E-3 Characteristics of Doctorates in the Behavioral and Social Sciences, 1973–2003
|
1970 |
1971 |
1972 |
1973 |
1974 |
1975 |
1976 |
1977 |
1978 |
1979 |
Total doctorates |
2,683 |
3,094 |
3,220 |
3,433 |
3,661 |
3,835 |
4,047 |
4,098 |
4,082 |
4,120 |
Males |
2,079 |
2,352 |
2,391 |
2,452 |
2,549 |
2,611 |
2,733 |
2,634 |
2,554 |
2,445 |
Females |
604 |
742 |
829 |
981 |
1,112 |
1,224 |
1,314 |
1,464 |
1,528 |
1,675 |
Citizens |
2,458 |
2,812 |
2,928 |
3,128 |
3,231 |
3,461 |
3,722 |
3,724 |
3,676 |
3,728 |
Permanent residents |
78 |
88 |
96 |
89 |
85 |
92 |
85 |
92 |
95 |
92 |
Temporary residents |
121 |
150 |
140 |
157 |
165 |
214 |
183 |
167 |
152 |
161 |
Unknown |
26 |
44 |
56 |
59 |
180 |
68 |
57 |
115 |
159 |
139 |
Minorities |
0 |
3 |
11 |
84 |
115 |
172 |
202 |
234 |
235 |
266 |
Postdoctoral training |
|
|||||||||
Postdoctoral fellowship |
194 |
188 |
189 |
196 |
193 |
227 |
298 |
322 |
349 |
336 |
Postdoctoral research |
59 |
67 |
67 |
84 |
84 |
106 |
100 |
114 |
120 |
127 |
Postdoctoral traineeship |
22 |
43 |
36 |
35 |
49 |
58 |
51 |
75 |
98 |
78 |
Other training |
21 |
40 |
37 |
52 |
64 |
61 |
85 |
74 |
72 |
63 |
Total postdoctorates |
296 |
338 |
329 |
367 |
390 |
452 |
534 |
585 |
639 |
604 |
Percent planning |
11% |
11% |
10% |
11% |
11% |
12% |
13% |
14% |
16% |
15% |
Employment |
2,242 |
2,526 |
2,590 |
2,809 |
2,882 |
3,095 |
3,209 |
3,147 |
3,014 |
3,179 |
Other |
49 |
70 |
87 |
68 |
80 |
68 |
83 |
66 |
75 |
53 |
Ph.D. with plans |
2,587 |
2,934 |
3,006 |
3,244 |
3,352 |
3,615 |
3,826 |
3,798 |
3,728 |
3,836 |
Time to degree |
6 |
6 |
6 |
6.17 |
6.25 |
6.25 |
6.33 |
6.59 |
6.83 |
7 |
Registered time to degree |
5.59 |
5.5 |
5.58 |
5.67 |
5.67 |
5.75 |
5.92 |
5.96 |
6 |
6.25 |
Age at time of degree |
29.66 |
29.58 |
29.75 |
30.08 |
30.08 |
30.25 |
30.25 |
30.58 |
30.59 |
31.16 |
|
1987 |
1988 |
1989 |
1990 |
1991 |
1992 |
1993 |
1994 |
1995 |
1996 |
Total doctorates |
3,988 |
3,844 |
3,975 |
4,064 |
4,087 |
4,080 |
4,289 |
4,185 |
4,162 |
4,224 |
Males |
1,912 |
1,749 |
1,796 |
1,745 |
1,624 |
1,745 |
1,720 |
1,671 |
1,606 |
1,555 |
Females |
2,076 |
2,095 |
2,179 |
2,319 |
2,463 |
2,335 |
2,569 |
2,514 |
2,556 |
2,669 |
Citizens |
3,352 |
3,232 |
3,221 |
3,497 |
3,560 |
3,490 |
3,702 |
3,623 |
3,587 |
3,644 |
Permanent residents |
111 |
107 |
95 |
107 |
124 |
132 |
146 |
155 |
177 |
170 |
Temporary residents |
180 |
194 |
244 |
267 |
296 |
334 |
329 |
311 |
303 |
307 |
Unknown |
345 |
312 |
415 |
193 |
112 |
133 |
123 |
104 |
101 |
111 |
Minorities |
255 |
266 |
267 |
320 |
339 |
321 |
349 |
340 |
394 |
419 |
Postdoctoral training |
|
|||||||||
Postdoctoral fellowship |
413 |
414 |
432 |
480 |
568 |
585 |
684 |
676 |
725 |
700 |
Postdoctoral research |
174 |
173 |
124 |
149 |
155 |
150 |
170 |
187 |
195 |
193 |
Postdoctoral traineeship |
65 |
75 |
88 |
104 |
75 |
92 |
77 |
87 |
91 |
86 |
Other training |
64 |
53 |
59 |
51 |
51 |
53 |
75 |
58 |
55 |
84 |
Total postdoctorates |
716 |
715 |
703 |
784 |
849 |
880 |
1,006 |
1,008 |
1,066 |
1,063 |
Percent planning |
18% |
19% |
18% |
19% |
21% |
22% |
24% |
24% |
26% |
25% |
Employment |
2,785 |
2,688 |
2,720 |
2,842 |
2,834 |
2,784 |
2,888 |
2,780 |
2,646 |
2,675 |
Other |
54 |
50 |
55 |
65 |
49 |
62 |
69 |
62 |
77 |
83 |
Ph.D. with plans |
3,555 |
3,453 |
3,478 |
3,691 |
3,732 |
3,726 |
3,963 |
3,850 |
3,789 |
3,821 |
Time to degree |
8.67 |
8.92 |
9.00 |
9.00 |
9.00 |
9.09 |
9.00 |
8.91 |
8.92 |
8.75 |
Registered time to degree |
7.33 |
7.58 |
7.59 |
7.75 |
7.67 |
7.59 |
7.50 |
7.50 |
7.50 |
7.50 |
Age at time of degree |
33.75 |
34.33 |
34.33 |
34.42 |
34.66 |
34.67 |
34.58 |
34.17 |
34.25 |
33.83 |
1980 |
1981 |
1982 |
1983 |
1984 |
1985 |
1986 |
4,015 |
4,339 |
4,023 |
4,263 |
4,141 |
3,964 |
3,979 |
2,315 |
2,461 |
2,240 |
2,265 |
2,087 |
1,993 |
1,962 |
1,700 |
1,878 |
1,783 |
1,998 |
2,054 |
1,971 |
2,017 |
3,630 |
3,935 |
3,600 |
3,799 |
3,662 |
3,487 |
3,426 |
98 |
85 |
82 |
90 |
75 |
91 |
108 |
152 |
173 |
151 |
182 |
190 |
179 |
185 |
135 |
146 |
190 |
192 |
214 |
207 |
260 |
244 |
256 |
269 |
271 |
272 |
261 |
278 |
380 |
389 |
339 |
403 |
396 |
427 |
438 |
118 |
146 |
134 |
132 |
135 |
133 |
139 |
91 |
104 |
95 |
104 |
109 |
97 |
101 |
61 |
76 |
56 |
69 |
59 |
49 |
63 |
650 |
715 |
624 |
708 |
699 |
706 |
741 |
16% |
17% |
16% |
17% |
17% |
18% |
19% |
3,068 |
3,311 |
3,063 |
3,191 |
3,096 |
2,910 |
2,837 |
55 |
65 |
60 |
60 |
42 |
55 |
54 |
3,773 |
4,091 |
3,747 |
3,959 |
3,837 |
3,671 |
3,632 |
7.25 |
7.5 |
7.92 |
8 |
8.17 |
8.5 |
8.59 |
6.42 |
6.59 |
6.91 |
7 |
7.16 |
7.25 |
7.25 |
31.33 |
31.92 |
32.08 |
32.5 |
32.75 |
33.08 |
33.58 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
4,371 |
4,481 |
4,466 |
4,507 |
4,230 |
4,064 |
4,139 |
1,565 |
1,595 |
1,596 |
1,595 |
1,475 |
1,411 |
1,411 |
2,806 |
2,886 |
2,870 |
2,908 |
2,751 |
2,649 |
2,724 |
3,608 |
3,757 |
3,797 |
3,821 |
3,548 |
3,400 |
3,426 |
151 |
142 |
119 |
135 |
114 |
113 |
97 |
292 |
315 |
265 |
310 |
276 |
265 |
323 |
360 |
285 |
301 |
241 |
292 |
286 |
293 |
428 |
494 |
534 |
545 |
537 |
544 |
553 |
713 |
860 |
912 |
919 |
903 |
895 |
942 |
192 |
211 |
197 |
203 |
234 |
199 |
228 |
61 |
74 |
56 |
81 |
71 |
71 |
70 |
22 |
30 |
97 |
57 |
61 |
53 |
72 |
988 |
1,175 |
1,262 |
1,260 |
1,269 |
1,218 |
1,312 |
23% |
26% |
28% |
28% |
30% |
30% |
37% |
2,564 |
2,488 |
2,511 |
2,632 |
2,408 |
2,334 |
2,212 |
112 |
114 |
75 |
115 |
93 |
80 |
71 |
3,664 |
3,777 |
3,848 |
4,007 |
3,770 |
3,632 |
3,595 |
8.96 |
8.92 |
8.91 |
8.75 |
8.91 |
9.00 |
9.00 |
7.50 |
7.50 |
7.41 |
7.50 |
7.59 |
7.59 |
7.59 |
33.42 |
33.24 |
33 |
32.84 |
32.75 |
32.75 |
32.82 |
TABLE E-4 Employment Characteristics of Behavioral and Social Sciences Doctorates from U.S. Institutions, 1973–2001
|
1973 |
1975 |
1977 |
1979 |
1981 |
1983 |
1985 |
1987 |
Total employed in S&E |
74,570 |
34,360 |
39,237 |
45,532 |
51,743 |
58,458 |
64,616 |
68852 |
|
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
Minority |
520 |
842 |
1,066 |
1,517 |
2,059 |
2,546 |
2,897 |
3166 |
|
0.7% |
2.5% |
2.7% |
3.3% |
4.0% |
4.4% |
4.5% |
4.6% |
Citizens and permanent residents |
26,998 |
33,978 |
38,912 |
44,863 |
51,490 |
58,129 |
64,400 |
68761 |
|
36.2% |
98.9% |
99.2% |
98.5% |
99.5% |
99.4% |
99.7% |
99.9% |
Temporary residents |
107 |
172 |
122 |
369 |
168 |
247 |
156 |
59 |
|
0.1% |
0.5% |
0.3% |
0.8% |
0.3% |
0.4% |
0.2% |
0.1% |
Total academics |
18178 |
22333 |
24287 |
26972 |
29995 |
32267 |
34985 |
34911 |
|
24.4% |
65.0% |
61.9% |
59.2% |
58.0% |
55.2% |
54.1% |
50.7% |
Faculty with rank appointments |
17,095 |
19,917 |
21,383 |
23,888 |
25,364 |
27,442 |
29,079 |
28678 |
|
22.9% |
58.0% |
54.5% |
52.5% |
49.0% |
46.9% |
4.5% |
41.7% |
Tenured faculty |
3,560 |
11,606 |
13,139 |
14,812 |
16,982 |
19,302 |
19,833 |
18761 |
|
4.8% |
33.8% |
33.5% |
32.5% |
32.8% |
33.0% |
30.7% |
27.2% |
Tenure-track faculty (not tenured) |
13,535 |
8,311 |
8,244 |
5,336 |
5,204 |
4,963 |
5,623 |
4989 |
|
18.2% |
24.2% |
21.0% |
11.7% |
10.1% |
8.5% |
8.7% |
7.2% |
Academic postdoctorates |
205 |
481 |
594 |
836 |
775 |
798 |
901 |
664 |
|
0.3% |
1.4% |
1.5% |
1.8% |
1.5% |
1.4% |
1.4% |
1.0% |
Other academic appointments |
878 |
915 |
1,070 |
3,141 |
3,856 |
4,027 |
5,005 |
5569 |
|
1.2% |
2.7% |
2.7% |
6.9% |
7.5% |
6.9% |
7.7% |
8.1% |
Industry (nonpostdoctorate) |
2,682 |
3,666 |
4,883 |
6,695 |
9,357 |
12,891 |
15,469 |
17621 |
|
3.6% |
10.7% |
12.4% |
14.7% |
18.1% |
22.1% |
23.9% |
25.6% |
Industrial postdoctorates |
0 |
0 |
4 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
80 |
14 |
|
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.1% |
0.0% |
Government (nonpostdoctorate) |
2,680 |
2,603 |
3,216 |
3,718 |
3,938 |
4,627 |
4,632 |
5390 |
|
3.6% |
7.6% |
8.2% |
8.2% |
7.6% |
7.9% |
7.2% |
7.8% |
Government postdoctorates |
22 |
15 |
53 |
49 |
88 |
85 |
22 |
51 |
|
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.1% |
0.1% |
0.2% |
0.1% |
0.0% |
0.1% |
Other sectors (nonpostdoctorate) |
3,647 |
5,609 |
6,431 |
7,600 |
8,134 |
8,299 |
9,205 |
10561 |
|
4.9% |
16.3% |
16.4% |
16.7% |
15.7% |
14.2% |
14.2% |
15.3% |
Other-sector postdoctorates |
113 |
91 |
151 |
180 |
125 |
201 |
177 |
158 |
|
0.2% |
0.3% |
0.4% |
0.4% |
0.2% |
0.3% |
0.3% |
0.2% |
Doctorates with federal research support |
10,881 |
12,965 |
13,790 |
15,213 |
15,689 |
16,648 |
13,651 |
21864 |
|
14.6% |
37.7% |
35.1% |
33.4% |
30.3% |
28.5% |
21.1% |
31.8% |
|
1989 |
1991 |
1993 |
1995 |
1997 |
1999 |
2001 |
Total employed in S&E |
74,570 |
75,420 |
81,126 |
84,408 |
91,662 |
95,909 |
99,154 |
|
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
Minority |
3,713 |
4,542 |
4,943 |
5,609 |
6,482 |
7,045 |
8,534 |
|
5.0% |
6.0% |
6.1% |
6.6% |
7.1% |
7.3% |
8.6% |
Citizens and permanent residents |
74,348 |
75,178 |
80,894 |
84,200 |
91,333 |
95,531 |
98,725 |
|
99.7% |
99.7% |
99.7% |
99.8% |
99.6% |
99.6% |
99.6% |
Temporary residents |
194 |
164 |
190 |
195 |
329 |
378 |
429 |
|
0.3% |
0.2% |
0.2% |
0.2% |
0.4% |
0.4% |
0.4% |
Total academics |
36961 |
33280 |
37617 |
39905 |
43736 |
45402 |
47206 |
|
49.6% |
44.1% |
46.4% |
47.3% |
47.7% |
47.3% |
47.6% |
Faculty with rank appointments |
30,239 |
26,852 |
29,402 |
30,787 |
32,941 |
33,837 |
34,491 |
|
40.6% |
35.6% |
36.2% |
36.5% |
35.9% |
35.3% |
34.8% |
Tenured faculty |
20,041 |
18,201 |
19,858 |
20,720 |
22,266 |
22,032 |
22,196 |
|
26.9% |
24.1% |
24.5% |
24.5% |
24.3% |
23.0% |
22.4% |
Tenure-track faculty (not tenured) |
5,379 |
5,400 |
5,956 |
5,991 |
6,032 |
6,364 |
6,510 |
|
7.2% |
7.2% |
7.3% |
7.1% |
6.6% |
6.6% |
6.6% |
Academic postdoctorates |
993 |
416 |
534 |
1,329 |
1,641 |
1,458 |
1,543 |
|
1.3% |
0.6% |
0.7% |
1.6% |
1.8% |
1.5% |
1.6% |
Other academic appointments |
5,729 |
6,012 |
7,681 |
7,789 |
9,154 |
10,136 |
11,194 |
|
7.7% |
8.0% |
9.5% |
9.2% |
10.0% |
10.6% |
11.3% |
Industry (nonpostdoctorate) |
19,998 |
23,995 |
27,236 |
27,348 |
28,735 |
31,318 |
32,561 |
|
26.8% |
31.8% |
33.6% |
32.4% |
31.3% |
32.7% |
32.8% |
Industrial postdoctorates |
5 |
20 |
50 |
151 |
462 |
211 |
201 |
|
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.1% |
0.2% |
0.5% |
0.2% |
0.2% |
Government (nonpostdoctorate) |
5,557 |
5,565 |
8,867 |
9,310 |
9,692 |
9,696 |
9,877 |
|
7.5% |
7.4% |
10.9% |
11.0% |
10.6% |
10.1% |
10.0% |
Government postdoctorates |
11 |
84 |
147 |
176 |
267 |
210 |
165 |
|
0.0% |
0.1% |
0.2% |
0.2% |
0.3% |
0.2% |
0.2% |
Other sectors (nonpostdoctorate) |
11,697 |
11,865 |
7,129 |
7,423 |
8,557 |
8,804 |
8,960 |
|
15.7% |
15.7% |
8.8% |
8.8% |
9.3% |
9.2% |
9.0% |
Other-sector postdoctorates |
166 |
66 |
80 |
95 |
213 |
268 |
184 |
|
0.2% |
0.1% |
0.1% |
0.1% |
0.2% |
0.3% |
0.2% |
Doctorates with federal research support |
23,831 |
20,902 |
12,686 |
15,385 |
16,308 |
20,487 |
22,549 |
|
32.0% |
27.7% |
15.6% |
18.2% |
17.8% |
21.4% |
22.7% |
TABLE E-5 Characteristics of Doctorates in the Clinical Sciences, 1973–2003
|
1970 |
1971 |
1972 |
1973 |
1974 |
1975 |
1976 |
1977 |
1978 |
1979 |
Total doctorates |
273 |
329 |
306 |
323 |
339 |
340 |
357 |
385 |
387 |
432 |
Males |
218 |
271 |
245 |
249 |
252 |
233 |
248 |
266 |
256 |
271 |
Females |
55 |
58 |
61 |
74 |
87 |
107 |
109 |
119 |
131 |
161 |
Citizens |
210 |
263 |
219 |
250 |
239 |
258 |
273 |
296 |
305 |
339 |
Permanent residents |
19 |
20 |
40 |
34 |
37 |
35 |
32 |
41 |
26 |
39 |
Temporary residents |
37 |
30 |
29 |
31 |
33 |
35 |
40 |
42 |
38 |
37 |
Unknown |
7 |
16 |
18 |
8 |
30 |
12 |
12 |
6 |
18 |
17 |
Minorities |
0 |
3 |
0 |
8 |
11 |
12 |
14 |
22 |
15 |
22 |
Postdoctoral training |
|
|||||||||
Postdoctoral fellowship |
22 |
21 |
37 |
27 |
16 |
29 |
39 |
44 |
31 |
50 |
Postdoctoral research |
7 |
7 |
17 |
19 |
26 |
13 |
16 |
24 |
21 |
24 |
Postdoctoral traineeship |
2 |
3 |
3 |
. |
1 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
Other training |
7 |
5 |
9 |
12 |
7 |
6 |
7 |
7 |
7 |
14 |
Total postdoctoral |
38 |
36 |
66 |
58 |
50 |
49 |
64 |
78 |
62 |
91 |
Percent planning |
14% |
11% |
22% |
18% |
15% |
14% |
18% |
20% |
16% |
21% |
Employment |
201 |
247 |
200 |
225 |
224 |
255 |
264 |
269 |
285 |
297 |
Other |
6 |
9 |
8 |
10 |
10 |
7 |
8 |
7 |
4 |
12 |
Ph.D. with plans |
245 |
292 |
274 |
293 |
284 |
311 |
336 |
354 |
351 |
400 |
Time to degree |
6.59 |
6.21 |
6.42 |
6.34 |
6.75 |
7 |
6.63 |
6.5 |
7.09 |
6.92 |
Registered time to degree |
5.25 |
5.75 |
5.42 |
5.59 |
5.83 |
5.92 |
5.75 |
5.8 |
6 |
6.08 |
Age at time of degree |
31.21 |
29.96 |
30.33 |
30.59 |
30.67 |
31.83 |
31.58 |
30.75 |
31.67 |
31.75 |
|
1987 |
1988 |
1989 |
1990 |
1991 |
1992 |
1993 |
1994 |
1995 |
1996 |
Total doctorates |
699 |
788 |
881 |
840 |
950 |
1022 |
1100 |
1208 |
1225 |
1237 |
Males |
290 |
302 |
313 |
322 |
333 |
363 |
396 |
420 |
456 |
435 |
Females |
409 |
486 |
568 |
518 |
617 |
659 |
704 |
788 |
769 |
802 |
Citizens |
527 |
573 |
656 |
630 |
706 |
739 |
803 |
897 |
857 |
865 |
Permanent residents |
33 |
38 |
29 |
34 |
58 |
48 |
63 |
91 |
102 |
87 |
Temporary residents |
84 |
108 |
118 |
145 |
161 |
213 |
202 |
214 |
236 |
253 |
Unknown |
55 |
69 |
78 |
31 |
29 |
30 |
44 |
15 |
41 |
41 |
Minorities |
38 |
50 |
38 |
41 |
56 |
49 |
79 |
70 |
90 |
83 |
Postdoctoral training |
|
|||||||||
Postdoctoral fellowship |
64 |
71 |
60 |
85 |
79 |
111 |
107 |
156 |
138 |
136 |
Postdoctoral research |
27 |
39 |
38 |
51 |
40 |
44 |
50 |
43 |
70 |
70 |
Postdoctoral traineeship |
4 |
9 |
6 |
12 |
5 |
12 |
9 |
11 |
11 |
7 |
Other training |
14 |
14 |
12 |
17 |
17 |
25 |
19 |
16 |
17 |
26 |
Total postdoctoral |
109 |
133 |
116 |
165 |
141 |
192 |
185 |
226 |
236 |
239 |
Percent planning |
16% |
17% |
13% |
20% |
15% |
19% |
17% |
19% |
19% |
19% |
Employment |
506 |
561 |
659 |
589 |
725 |
746 |
820 |
840 |
850 |
855 |
Other |
16 |
14 |
11 |
14 |
16 |
12 |
14 |
15 |
23 |
30 |
Ph.D. with plans |
631 |
708 |
786 |
768 |
882 |
950 |
1019 |
1081 |
1109 |
1124 |
Time to degree |
9.00 |
9.00 |
9.08 |
9.59 |
9.17 |
9.92 |
9.63 |
9.50 |
9.91 |
9.75 |
Registered time to degree |
7.00 |
7.00 |
7.17 |
7.25 |
7.25 |
7.33 |
7.75 |
7.42 |
7.50 |
7.63 |
Age at time of degree |
35.92 |
36.42 |
36.75 |
37.17 |
37.83 |
37.75 |
38.42 |
37.79 |
38.08 |
38.46 |
1980 |
1981 |
1982 |
1983 |
1984 |
1985 |
1986 |
464 |
524 |
575 |
526 |
621 |
619 |
677 |
273 |
303 |
319 |
249 |
262 |
244 |
259 |
191 |
221 |
256 |
277 |
359 |
375 |
418 |
370 |
429 |
457 |
401 |
492 |
458 |
489 |
32 |
33 |
33 |
30 |
36 |
32 |
30 |
53 |
48 |
64 |
70 |
66 |
85 |
93 |
9 |
14 |
21 |
25 |
27 |
44 |
65 |
14 |
19 |
30 |
23 |
34 |
31 |
32 |
58 |
45 |
54 |
37 |
64 |
55 |
48 |
27 |
30 |
29 |
21 |
22 |
29 |
38 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
3 |
6 |
2 |
7 |
16 |
19 |
7 |
8 |
12 |
3 |
16 |
105 |
99 |
96 |
69 |
104 |
89 |
109 |
23% |
19% |
17% |
13% |
17% |
14% |
16% |
332 |
388 |
435 |
398 |
465 |
461 |
478 |
6 |
10 |
14 |
15 |
10 |
6 |
9 |
443 |
497 |
545 |
482 |
579 |
556 |
596 |
7.17 |
7.67 |
7.5 |
7.92 |
8.17 |
8.83 |
8.91 |
6 |
6.29 |
6.17 |
6.59 |
6.75 |
6.87 |
7.00 |
32 |
32.37 |
32.87 |
34.08 |
34.33 |
35.58 |
35.92 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
1354 |
1425 |
1338 |
1527 |
1558 |
1579 |
1574 |
469 |
474 |
480 |
518 |
566 |
510 |
528 |
885 |
951 |
858 |
1007 |
981 |
1069 |
1039 |
911 |
1003 |
925 |
1070 |
1036 |
1058 |
1115 |
77 |
85 |
81 |
74 |
76 |
63 |
60 |
256 |
266 |
250 |
275 |
293 |
300 |
299 |
126 |
77 |
92 |
108 |
153 |
158 |
100 |
85 |
97 |
105 |
116 |
112 |
106 |
137 |
131 |
145 |
137 |
139 |
190 |
201 |
219 |
75 |
66 |
70 |
65 |
85 |
74 |
90 |
10 |
10 |
18 |
14 |
11 |
12 |
24 |
9 |
9 |
38 |
26 |
21 |
16 |
36 |
225 |
230 |
263 |
244 |
307 |
303 |
369 |
17% |
16% |
20% |
16% |
20% |
19% |
26% |
910 |
943 |
906 |
1095 |
1017 |
1024 |
1019 |
30 |
48 |
24 |
37 |
26 |
49 |
38 |
1165 |
1221 |
1193 |
1376 |
1350 |
1376 |
1426 |
10.09 |
10.50 |
10.00 |
10.00 |
10.00 |
10.75 |
10.00 |
7.92 |
8.00 |
7.75 |
7.92 |
7.59 |
8.00 |
7.92 |
38.58 |
38.25 |
37.24 |
38.33 |
36.92 |
38.17 |
37.08 |
TABLE E-6 Employment Characteristics of Clinical Sciences Doctorates from U.S. Institutions, 1973–2001
|
1973 |
1975 |
1977 |
1979 |
1981 |
1983 |
1985 |
1987 |
Total employed in S&E |
2,682 |
3,475 |
3,748 |
4,489 |
5,312 |
6,003 |
7,188 |
7,669 |
|
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
Minority |
95 |
132 |
146 |
183 |
198 |
250 |
273 |
342 |
|
3.5% |
3.8% |
3.9% |
4.1% |
3.7% |
4.2% |
3.8% |
4.5% |
Citizens and permanent residents |
2,522 |
3,320 |
3,585 |
4,266 |
5,261 |
5,986 |
7,106 |
7,614 |
|
94.0% |
95.5% |
95.7% |
95.0% |
99.0% |
99.7% |
98.9% |
99.3% |
Temporary residents |
69 |
83 |
86 |
133 |
44 |
8 |
79 |
55 |
|
2.6% |
2.4% |
2.3% |
3.0% |
0.8% |
0.1% |
1.1% |
0.7% |
Total academics |
1,478 |
1,856 |
2,064 |
2,564 |
2,963 |
3,225 |
3,938 |
4,164 |
|
55.1% |
53.4% |
55.1% |
57.1% |
55.8% |
53.7% |
54.8% |
54.3% |
Faculty with rank appointments |
1,359 |
1,615 |
1,774 |
2,259 |
2,642 |
2,922 |
3,413 |
3,675 |
|
50.7% |
46.5% |
47.3% |
50.3% |
49.7% |
48.7% |
47.5% |
47.9% |
Tenured faculty |
276 |
931 |
1,031 |
1,271 |
1,424 |
1,516 |
1,968 |
1,960 |
|
10.3% |
26.8% |
27.5% |
28.3% |
26.8% |
25.3% |
27.4% |
25.6% |
Tenure-track faculty (not tenured) |
1,083 |
684 |
743 |
565 |
780 |
921 |
1,002 |
931 |
|
40.4% |
19.7% |
19.8% |
12.6% |
14.7% |
15.3% |
13.9% |
12.1% |
Academic postdoctorates |
40 |
107 |
108 |
105 |
139 |
100 |
177 |
90 |
|
1.5% |
3.1% |
2.9% |
2.3% |
2.6% |
1.7% |
2.5% |
1.2% |
Other academic appointments |
79 |
78 |
104 |
231 |
182 |
203 |
348 |
399 |
|
2.9% |
2.2% |
2.8% |
5.1% |
3.4% |
3.4% |
4.8% |
5.2% |
Industry (nonpostdoctorate) |
536 |
739 |
733 |
992 |
1,259 |
1,485 |
1,793 |
1,940 |
|
20.0% |
21.3% |
19.6% |
22.1% |
23.7% |
24.7% |
24.9% |
25.3% |
Industrial postdoctorates |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
8 |
5 |
14 |
|
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.1% |
0.1% |
0.2% |
Government (nonpostdoctorate) |
383 |
491 |
462 |
446 |
527 |
585 |
689 |
745 |
|
14.3% |
14.1% |
12.3% |
9.9% |
9.9% |
9.7% |
9.6% |
9.7% |
Government postdoctorates |
5 |
9 |
8 |
11 |
35 |
34 |
14 |
8 |
|
0.2% |
0.3% |
0.2% |
0.2% |
0.7% |
0.6% |
0.2% |
0.1% |
Other sectors (nonpostdoctorate) |
257 |
358 |
437 |
422 |
489 |
585 |
724 |
747 |
|
9.6% |
10.3% |
11.7% |
9.4% |
9.2% |
9.7% |
10.1% |
9.7% |
Other-sector postdoctorates |
23 |
22 |
18 |
14 |
12 |
60 |
25 |
13 |
|
0.9% |
0.6% |
0.5% |
0.3% |
0.2% |
1.0% |
0.3% |
0.2% |
Doctorates with federal research support |
1,416 |
1,804 |
1,836 |
2,041 |
2,179 |
2,416 |
2,307 |
3,272 |
|
52.8% |
51.9% |
49.0% |
45.5% |
41.0% |
40.2% |
32.1% |
42.7% |
|
1989 |
1991 |
1993 |
1995 |
1997 |
1999 |
2001 |
Total employed in S&E |
8,736 |
9,506 |
10,748 |
11,996 |
14,069 |
15,268 |
17,180 |
|
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
Minority |
533 |
574 |
760 |
899 |
1,092 |
1,347 |
1,497 |
|
6.1% |
6.0% |
7.1% |
7.5% |
7.8% |
8.8% |
8.7% |
Citizens and permanent residents |
8,669 |
9,422 |
10,573 |
11,938 |
13,875 |
14,933 |
16,822 |
|
99.2% |
99.1% |
98.4% |
99.5% |
98.6% |
97.8% |
97.9% |
Temporary residents |
53 |
84 |
175 |
58 |
194 |
335 |
358 |
|
0.6% |
0.9% |
1.6% |
0.5% |
1.4% |
2.2% |
2.1% |
Total academics |
4,600 |
5,065 |
5,827 |
6,684 |
7,609 |
8,855 |
9,730 |
|
52.7% |
53.3% |
54.2% |
55.7% |
54.1% |
58.0% |
56.6% |
Faculty with rank appointments |
4,046 |
4,402 |
5,084 |
5,705 |
6,325 |
7,374 |
8,124 |
|
46.3% |
46.3% |
47.3% |
47.6% |
45.0% |
48.3% |
47.3% |
Tenured faculty |
1,925 |
2,156 |
2,341 |
2,770 |
3,081 |
3,507 |
3,647 |
|
22.0% |
22.7% |
21.8% |
23.1% |
21.9% |
23.0% |
21.2% |
Tenure-track faculty (not tenured) |
1,424 |
1,339 |
1,784 |
1,988 |
1,878 |
2,138 |
2,384 |
|
16.3% |
14.1% |
16.6% |
16.6% |
13.3% |
1.4% |
13.9% |
Academic postdoctorates |
99 |
169 |
144 |
342 |
416 |
324 |
321 |
|
1.1% |
1.8% |
1.3% |
2.9% |
3.0% |
2.1% |
1.9% |
Other academic appointments |
455 |
494 |
599 |
637 |
868 |
1,157 |
1,285 |
|
5.2% |
5.2% |
5.6% |
5.3% |
6.2% |
7.6% |
7.5% |
Industry (nonpostdoctorate) |
2,341 |
2,530 |
2,869 |
2,923 |
3,568 |
3,731 |
4,413 |
|
26.8% |
26.6% |
26.7% |
24.4% |
25.4% |
24.4% |
25.7% |
Industrial postdoctorates |
3 |
4 |
4 |
17 |
49 |
10 |
21 |
|
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.1% |
0.3% |
0.1% |
0.1% |
Government (nonpostdoctorate) |
1,034 |
946 |
1,144 |
1,309 |
1,467 |
1,250 |
1,604 |
|
11.8% |
10.0% |
10.6% |
10.9% |
10.4% |
8.2% |
9.3% |
Government postdoctorates |
18 |
0 |
67 |
101 |
47 |
50 |
30 |
|
0.2% |
0.0% |
0.6% |
0.8% |
0.3% |
0.3% |
0.2% |
Other sectors (nonpostdoctorate) |
717 |
890 |
816 |
936 |
1,311 |
1,349 |
1,339 |
|
8.2% |
9.4% |
7.6% |
7.8% |
9.3% |
8.8% |
7.8% |
Other-sector postdoctorates |
8 |
10 |
21 |
26 |
18 |
23 |
43 |
|
0.1% |
0.1% |
0.2% |
0.2% |
0.1% |
0.2% |
0.3% |
Doctorates with federal research support |
3,896 |
4,125 |
3,016 |
3,323 |
3,849 |
5,172 |
5,822 |
|
44.6% |
43.4% |
28.1% |
27.7% |
27.4% |
33.9% |
33.9% |