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Suggested Citation:"Plates." National Research Council. 2005. Earth Science and Applications from Space: Urgent Needs and Opportunities to Serve the Nation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11281.
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PLATE 1 (Top) Model of the anomalous water height (warm colors are increases in height and cool colors are decreases in height) caused by the deep-water propagation of the tsunami. (Bottom) comparison of the altimetry data (black line) from the Jason-1 satellite 2 hours after the event with the model result (blue line). SOURCE: NOAA’s Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory. For further information, see NOAA, NOAA News Online, “Scientists Able to Measure Tsunami Height from Space,” 2005, at <http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2005/s2365.htm>.

Suggested Citation:"Plates." National Research Council. 2005. Earth Science and Applications from Space: Urgent Needs and Opportunities to Serve the Nation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11281.
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PLATE 2 Ozone-ClO anticorrelation and satellite images of ClO and O3. (Left) NASA aircraft in situ ClO-O3 anticorrelation across Antarctic vortex edge. (Right) NASA microwave LIMB sounder satellite observation of ClO and O3. SOURCE: World Meteorological Organization, Scientific Assessment of Stratospheric Ozone: 1994, WMO Report 37, Geneva, 1994.

PLATE 3 Annual global land-surface air and sea surface temperature anomalies (°C), 1861 to 2000, relative to 1961 to 1990. Solid curve is the optimally averaged anomalies from Folland et al. [C.K. Folland, N.A. Rayner, S.J. Brown, T.M. Smith, S.S.P. Shen, D.E. Parker, I. Macadam, P.D. Jones, R.N. Jones, N. Nicholls, and D.M.H. Sexton, “Global Temperature Change and Its Uncertainties Since 1861,” Geophys. Res. Lett. 28(13): 2621-2624, 2001], and the dashed curve is the standard area weighted anomalies (adapted from Jones et al. [P.D. Jones, T.J. Osborn, K.R. Briffa, C.K. Folland, E.B. Horton, L.V. Alexander, D.E. Parker, and N.A. Rayner, “Adjusting for Sampling Density in Grid Box Land and Ocean Surface Temperature Time Series,” J. Geophys. Res. 106:3371-3380, 2001]). Unsmoothed optimum averages appear as red bars, and twice their standard errors are denoted by black “I”. SOURCE: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis, Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2001. Reprinted with permission.

Suggested Citation:"Plates." National Research Council. 2005. Earth Science and Applications from Space: Urgent Needs and Opportunities to Serve the Nation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11281.
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Page 47
Suggested Citation:"Plates." National Research Council. 2005. Earth Science and Applications from Space: Urgent Needs and Opportunities to Serve the Nation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11281.
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Page 48
Earth Science and Applications from Space: Urgent Needs and Opportunities to Serve the Nation Get This Book
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The Earth is a dynamic planet whose changes and variations affect our communications, energy, health, food, housing, and transportation infrastructure. Understanding these changes requires a range of observations acquired from a variety of land-, sea-, air-, and space-based platforms. To assist NASA, NOAA, and the USGS develop these tools, the NRC was asked by these agencies to carry out a decadal strategy survey of Earth science and applications from space. In particular, the study is to develop the key scientific questions on which to focus Earth and environmental observations in the period 2005-2015, and a prioritized list of space programs, missions, and supporting activities to address these questions. This interim report outlines a key element of the study—the rationale for tying Earth observations to societal need—and identifies urgent near-term actions needed to achieve this goal. A final report, due in late 2006, will provide the list of recommended space missions, programs, and supporting.

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