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Oil Spill Dispersants: Efficacy and Effects (2005)
Ocean Studies Board (OSB)

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. "5 Toxicological Effects of Dispersants and Dispersed Oil." Oil Spill Dispersants: Efficacy and Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2005.

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Oil Spill Dispersants: Efficacy and Effects

Effect Concentration (ppm)

References

160f

Mitchell and Holdaway (2000)f

13f

Mitchell and Holdaway (2000)f

3.5

Gulec et al. (1997)e

21

George-Ares and Clark (2000)

8103

Beaupoil and Nedelec (1994)

83.1f

Gulec and Holdaway (2000)f

32.2

Inchcape Testing Services (1995)

31.4d,f–35.9d

George-Ares and Clark (2000); Fuller and Bonner (2001)f; Clark et al. (2001)f; Rhoton et al. (2001)f

500d,f–1305,d,f >789d,f

Coehlo and Aurand (1997); Fuller and Bonner (2001)f; Clark et al. (2001)f; Rhoton et al. (2001)f

5.2d

Wright and Coehlo (1996)

158d–245d

Singer et al (1996)

41.4d–142d

Singer et al. (1996)

48

Marine and Freshwater Resources Institute (1998)

5.6d,f

Rhoton et al. (2001)f

355d,f

Rhoton et al. (2001)f

42.3

Gulec et al. (1997)e

0.7d

Aquatic Testing Laboratories (1994)

5.7d–9.7d

Singer et al. (1996)

12.8d–19.7d

Singer et al. (1996)

143

Marine and Freshwater Resources Institute (1998)

74.7d

George-Ares and Clark (2000); Clark et al. (2001)f

>1055d

George-Ares and Clark (2000); Clark et al. (2001)f

354

George-Ares and Clark (2000)

140

George-Ares and Clark (2000)

170–193d,f

Fuller and Bonner (2001)f

593–750d,f

Fuller and Bonner (2001)f

150

George-Ares and Clark (2000)

>400

George-Ares and Clark (2000)

25.2–85.4d,f

Inchcape Testing Services (1995); Fuller and Bonner (2001)f; Rhoton et al., 2001f

40.7d,f–116.6,d,f 205d,f

Fuller and Bonner (2001)f; Rhoton et al. (2001)f

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