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. "Front Matter." Oil Spill Dispersants: Efficacy and Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2005.
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Fate and Weathering,
144
Surface Oil Evaporation Weathering,
145
Photooxidation,
149
Water-in-Oil Emulsification,
151
Fate of Physically and Chemically Entrained Oil Droplets in the Water Column,
157
Biodegradation,
165
Models,
180
Sensitivity Study,
181
Applying Knowledge about the Transport and Fate of Dispersed Oil to Support Decisionmaking,
187
Fate and Weathering of Oil,
5
TOXICOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF DISPERSANTS AND DISPERSED OIL
193
Testing Procedures for Dispersant and Dispersed Oil Toxicity,
198
Toxicity Tests,
Mesocosms,
206
Dispersant Toxicity,
207
Toxicity of Dispersed Oil,
215
Route of Exposure,
216
Mode of Action,
219
Photoenhanced Toxicity,
223
Effects on Biological Communities,
231
Water-Column Organisms,
Intertidal and Subtidal Habitats,
250
Wildlife,
254
Microbial Communities,
257
Coral Reefs,
259
Mangroves,
270
Improving the Use of Information about Effects in Decisionmaking,
271
6
RESEARCH PRIORITIES TO SUPPORT DISPERSANT USE DECISIONMAKING
277
D.1 Will Mechanical Response Be Sufficient?,
280
D.2 Is the Spilled Oil or Refined Product Known to Be Dispersible?,
D.3 Are Sufficient Chemical Response Assets Available to Treat the Spill?,
282
