1-14

Primary Mechanisms of Support for Doctoral Candidates, 1982-2002,

48

1-15

Primary Mechanisms of Support for Postdoctoral Scholars, 1983-2002,

50

1-16

Mechanisms of Support for Postdoctoral Scholars by Field, 1998-2002,

50

1-17

High-Skill Workers in US S&E Labor Force,

52

1-18

US Census Estimates of Foreign-Born in US S&E Occupations by Field, 2000,

53

1-19

Plans to Stay in United States after Earning Doctorate, by Field of Study,

55

1-20

Changes in US Citizenship among US-Awarded Doctorates in S&E,

57

1-21

Plans of Postdoctoral Scholars to Stay in the United States, 2004,

59

1-22

Exceptional Contributions: US Nobel Laureates’ Place of Birth and Country of Graduate Education,

61

2-1

Schedule of Activities for F and J Non-Immigrant Visa (NIV) Applicants,

73

2-2

Top 11 Student- and Scholar-Sending Countries, FY 2003,

74

2-3

Visa Issuance Volumes by Region for F and J Classes, 1966-2003,

75

2-4

Visa Workloads and Refusals: Student and Exchange Visitors,

76

2-5

Visa Mantis Security Advisory Opinion (SAO) Workload, FY 2004,

80

2-6

Student and Exchange-Visitor Trips Per Year, 1997-2003,

82

2-7

Re-entry Issues for Nonresident Postdoctoral Scholars,

83

3-1

S&E Doctorate Production by Country, 1975-2001,

89

3-2

International Authorship Trends, 1988-2001,

91

3-3

Expenditure for Research and Development as a Percentage of Gross National Product, 1991-2001,

97

3-4

Percent Distribution of US R&D Funding, by Sector,

109

3-5

Federal Funding for Academic Research, 1974-2004,

110

3-6

Enrollment and State Tax Appropriations per Full Time Equivalent Student (FTE) in Constant 2003 Dollars,

111

4-1

Outcomes Model,

125

C-1

Opinions of the United States,

156

C-2

Opinions of the United States of People Who Have and Have Not Visited the United States,

156