Below are the first 10 and last 10 pages of uncorrected machine-read text (when available) of this chapter, followed by the top 30 algorithmically extracted key phrases from the chapter as a whole.
Intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text on the opening pages of each chapter.
Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.
Do not use for reproduction, copying, pasting, or reading; exclusively for search engines.
OCR for page R1
Partnering Against Terrorism: Summary of a Workshop
GOVERNMENT–INDUSTRY PARTNERSHIPS
PARTNERING AGAINST TERRORISM
SUMMARY OF A WORKSHOP
CHARLES W. WESSNER
Committee on Government-Industry Partnerships for the Development of New Technologies
Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy
Policy and Global Affairs
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, D.C.
www.nap.edu
OCR for page R2
Partnering Against Terrorism: Summary of a Workshop
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project.
International Standard Book Number 0-309-09428-3 (Book)
International Standard Book Number 0-309-54616-8 (PDF)
Library of Congress Control Number 2005920142
Limited copies are available from the Policy and Global Affairs Division, National Research Council, 500 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20001; 202-334-1529.
Additional copies of this report are available from the
National Academies Press,
500 Fifth Street, N.W., Lockbox 285, Washington, DC 20055; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area); Internet, http://www.nap.edu.
Copyright 2005 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America
OCR for page R3
Partnering Against Terrorism: Summary of a Workshop
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Wm. A. Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts and Dr. Wm. A. Wulf are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.
www.national-academies.org
OCR for page R4
Partnering Against Terrorism: Summary of a Workshop
This page intentionally left blank.
OCR for page R5
Partnering Against Terrorism: Summary of a Workshop
Steering Committee for Government-Industry Partnerships for the Development of New Technologies*
Gordon Moore, Chair Chairman Emeritus, retired
Intel Corporation
M. Kathy Behrens Managing Director of Medical Technology
RS Investment Management and STEP Board
Michael Borrus Managing Director
The Petkevich Group, LLC
Iain M. Cockburn Professor of Finance and Economics
Boston University
Kenneth Flamm Dean Rusk Chair in International Affairs
LBJ School of Public Affairs University of Texas at Austin
James F. Gibbons Professor of Engineering
Stanford University
W. Clark McFadden Partner
Dewey Ballantine
Burton J. McMurtry General Partner
Technology Venture Investors
William J. Spencer, Vice-Chair Chairman Emeritus, retired
International SEMATECH and STEP Board
Mark B. Myers Visiting Professor of Management
The Wharton School University of Pennsylvania and STEP Board
Richard Nelson George Blumenthal Professor of International and Public Affairs
Columbia University
Edward E. Penhoet Chief Program Officer Science and Higher Education
Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and STEP Board
Charles Trimble Chairman
U.S. GPS Industry Council
John P. Walker Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Axys Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Patrick Windham President,
Windham Consulting and
Lecturer,
Stanford University
*
As of October 2002.
OCR for page R6
Partnering Against Terrorism: Summary of a Workshop
Project Staff*
Charles W. Wessner Study Director
Alan Anderson Consultant
Tabitha M. Benney Program Associate
McAlister T. Clabaugh Program Associate
David E. Dierksheide Program Associate
Christopher S. Hayter Program Associate
Adam Korobow Program Officer
Sujai J. Shivakumar Program Officer
*
As of October 2002.
OCR for page R7
Partnering Against Terrorism: Summary of a Workshop
For the National Research Council (NRC), this project was overseen by the Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy (STEP), a standing board of the NRC established by the National Academies of Sciences and Engineering and the Institute of Medicine in 1991. The mandate of the STEP Board is to integrate understanding of scientific, technological, and economic elements in the formulation of national policies to promote the economic well-being of the United States. A distinctive characteristic of STEP’s approach is its frequent interactions with public and private-sector decision makers. STEP bridges the disciplines of business management, engineering, economics, and the social sciences to bring diverse expertise to bear on pressing public policy questions. The members of the STEP Board* and the NRC staff are listed below.
Dale Jorgenson, Chair
Frederic Eaton Abbe Professor of Economics
Harvard University
M. Kathy Behrens
Managing Director of Medical Technology
RS Investment Management
Bronwyn Hall
Professor of Economics
University of California at Berkeley
James Heckman
Henry Schultz Distinguished Service Professor of Economics
University of Chicago
Ralph Landau
Consulting Professor of Economics
Stanford University
Richard Levin
President
Yale University
William J. Spencer, Vice-Chair
Chairman Emeritus, retired
International SEMATECH
David T. Morgenthaler
Founding Partner
Morgenthaler
Mark B. Myers
Visiting Professor of Management
The Wharton School
University of Pennsylvania
Roger Noll
Morris M. Doyle Centennial Professor of Economics
Stanford University
Edward E. Penhoet
Chief Program Officer
Science and Higher Education
Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
William Raduchel
Chief Technology Officer
AOL Time Warner
Alan Wm. Wolff
Managing Partner
Dewey Ballantine
*
As of October 2002.
OCR for page R8
Partnering Against Terrorism: Summary of a Workshop
STEP Staff*
Stephen A. Merrill
Executive Director
Russell Moy
Senior Program Officer
Craig M. Schultz
Research Associate
Camille M. Collett
Program Associate
Christopher S. Hayter
Program Associate
David E. Dierksheide
Program Associate
Charles W. Wessner
Program Director
Sujai J. Shivakumar
Program Officer
Adam Korobow
Program Officer
McAlister T. Clabaugh
Program Associate
Tabitha M. Benney
Program Associate
*
As of October 2002.
OCR for page R9
Partnering Against Terrorism: Summary of a Workshop
National Research Council Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy
Sponsors
The National Research Council gratefully acknowledges the support of the following sponsors:
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Office of the Director, Defense Research & Engineering
National Science Foundation
U.S. Department of Energy
Optoelectronics Industry Development Association
Office of Naval Research
National Institutes of Health
National Institute of Standards and Technology
Sandia National Laboratories
Electric Power Research Institute
International Business Machines
Kulicke and Soffa Industries
Merck and Company
Milliken Industries
Motorola
Nortel
Procter and Gamble
Silicon Valley Group, Incorporated
Advanced Micro Devices
Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the project sponsors.
OCR for page R10
Partnering Against Terrorism: Summary of a Workshop
Reports in the Series
Government-Industry Partnerships for the Development of New Technologies
New Vistas in Transatlantic Science and Technology Cooperation
Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1999
Industry-Laboratory Partnerships: A Review of the Sandia Science and Technology Park Initiative
Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1999
The Advanced Technology Program: Challenges and Opportunities
Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1999
The Small Business Innovation Research Program: Challenges and Opportunities
Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1999
The Small Business Innovation Research Program: An Assessment of the Department of Defense Fast Track Initiative
Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 2000
A Review of the New Initiatives at the NASA Ames Research Center
Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 2001
The Advanced Technology Program: Assessing Outcomes
Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 2001
Capitalizing on New Needs and New Opportunities: Government-Industry Partnerships in Biotechnology and Information Technologies
Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 2002
Partnerships for Solid-State Lighting
Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 2002
Government-Industry Partnerships for the Development of New Technologies: Summary Report
Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press, 2002
Securing the Future: Regional and National Programs to Support the Semiconductor Industry
Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press, 2003
OCR for page R11
Partnering Against Terrorism: Summary of a Workshop
Contents
PREFACE
xv
I. INTRODUCTION
1
II. PROCEEDINGS
21
Welcome
Bruce Alberts, National Academy of Sciences
23
Introduction
William Spencer, International SEMATECH
25
Panel I:
Partnering to Meet the New Security Challenge
Moderator: Sean O’Keefe, National Aeronautics and Space Administration
28
Partnering for Cyber Security and Infrastructure Protection
Congressman Sherwood L. Boehlert (R-NY)
29
Capitalizing on the Nation’s Research Portfolio
Gordon Moore, Intel Corporation
34
OCR for page R12
Partnering Against Terrorism: Summary of a Workshop
Panel II:
Best Practice Examples of Public-Private Partnerships
Moderator: Arden Bement, National Institute of Standards and Technology
38
SEMATECH: Assessing the Contribution
Kenneth Flamm, University of Texas at Austin
41
Partnering for Progress: The Advanced Technology Program
Maryann Feldman, Johns Hopkins University
48
University Research and the Market: The Carnegie Mellon Experience
Christina Gabriel, Carnegie Mellon University
51
Discussant: Michael Borrus, The Petkevich Group, LLC
60
Panel III:
Partnerships Against Bioterrorism
Moderator: Larry Kerr, Department of Homeland Security
66
Partnering for Vaccines: The NIAID Perspective
Carol Heilman, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
67
Partnering for Counter Measures: The Private Research Perspective
Gail Cassell, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Company
75
Discussant: Kathy Behrens, RS Investment Management
80
Panel IV:
Partnering for National Security
Moderator: William B. Bonvillian, Office of Senator Lieberman
87
Overcoming Information Overload
Anne K. Altman, IBM Corporation
91
New Technologies for New Threats
Ronald M. Sega, Department of Defense
95
Security Challenges in an Open Economy
Steve Flynn, Council on Foreign Relations
101
OCR for page R13
Partnering Against Terrorism: Summary of a Workshop
Panel V:
Roundtable on Partnering for National Missions: Defense, Health and Energy
Moderator: Patrick Windham, Windham Consulting
109
Christina Gabriel, Carnegie Mellon University
William Spencer, International SEMATECH
William Bonvillian, Office of Senator Lieberman
James Turner, House Science Committee
Closing Remarks
Gordon Moore, Intel Corporation
114
III. APPENDIXES
A.
Biographies of Speakers
117
B.
Participants List
132
C.
Bibliography
138
OCR for page R14
Partnering Against Terrorism: Summary of a Workshop
This page intentionally left blank.
OCR for page R15
Partnering Against Terrorism: Summary of a Workshop
Preface
The National Academies has sought to bring the nation’s great strength in science and technology to bear on protecting the United States against terrorism. In a major 2002 report, Making the Nation Safer: The Role of Science and Technology in Countering Terrorism, the National Academies characterized the range of threats to the nation’s security and identified research agendas to strengthen areas of vulnerability. It also outlined policies needed to strengthen the government’s ability to draw on the nation’s capacities in science and technology for combating terrorism. Specifically, it noted that effective public-private partnerships must occur for the government and private sector to work together to enhance homeland security.1
In recent years public-private partnerships have played an increased role in developing new technologies both in the United States and abroad. To further our understanding of the motivations, operations, and policy challenges associated with public-private partnerships, the National Research Council’s Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy (STEP) launched in 1998 a major review of U.S. and foreign programs. This program-based analysis was led by Gordon Moore, Chairman Emeritus of Intel, and Bill Spencer, Chairman Emeritus of International SEMATECH. It was carried out by a distinguished multidisciplinary Steering Committee that included members from academia, high-technology industries, venture capital firms, and the realm of public policy. The Committee’s analysis—which included a significant (though necessarily limited) portion of the variety of cooperative activity that takes place between the government and
1
See National Research Council, Making the Nation Safer: The Role of Science and Technology in Countering Terrorism, Lewis M. Branscomb and Richard D. Klausner, eds., Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press, 2002.
OCR for page R16
Partnering Against Terrorism: Summary of a Workshop
the private sector—focused on “best practices” among major U.S. partnerships as a way of drawing out positive guidance for future public policy.2
At its concluding conference on October 2, 2002, the National Research Council Committee on Government-Industry Partnerships drew together the findings of its four-year study on partnerships to explore how public-private partnerships can help make the nation safer against terrorism. The conference was well received. Subsequently, the Governing Board Executive Committee authorized the release of a summary report of the workshop. Accordingly, this report summarizes the proceedings of that conference, along with an introductory chapter that highlights key issues raised at the conference. These issues are central to the country’s ongoing efforts to develop new technologies and new approaches to meet the terrorist threat.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
On behalf of the National Academies, we express our appreciation and recognition for the insights, experiences, and perspectives of the conference participants. A number of individuals deserve recognition for their contributions to the preparation of this report. Foremost among these were Dr. Sujai Shivakumar and Alan Anderson, who played an instrumental role in the preparation of this report. Others to whom recognition is due include Christopher Hayter, David Dierksheide, Tabitha Benney, and McAlister Clabaugh. Without their collective efforts, amidst many other competing priorities, it would not have been possible to prepare this report.
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL REVIEW
This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the NRC’s Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for quality and objectivity. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this report: F. M. Ross Armbrecht, Jr., President of the Industrial Research Institute, Howard Frank, Dean of the Robert H. Smith School of Business at the University
2
The findings and recommendations of the Committee’s study on public-private partnerships are presented in National Research Council, Government-Industry Partnerships for the Development of New Technologies: Summary Report, C. Wessner, ed., Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press, 2003.
OCR for page R17
Partnering Against Terrorism: Summary of a Workshop
of Maryland, Lewis S. Edelheit, Retired Senior Research & Technology Advisor, General Electric Company, and Christina Gabriel, Vice Provost and Chief Technology Officer, Carnegie Mellon University. Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the content of the report, nor did they see the final draft before its release. The review of this report was overseen by John White of the John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, who was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the author and the institution.
Charles W. Wessner
OCR for page R18
Partnering Against Terrorism: Summary of a Workshop
This page intentionally left blank.
