tial Knowledge and Skills assessment. She has worked in formulating education policy as well as in special education, school support services, governmental relations, and professional staff development. She has served as a supervisor of student teachers at Boston College and as a teacher of students with disabilities at the Perkins School and the Boston Public Schools. She has a Ph.D. in education administration from the University of Texas, Austin.

C. Scott Trimble (retired) served as the associate commissioner in the Office of Assessment and Accountability of the Kentucky Department of Education. Previously he served in the Kentucky Department of Education’s Office of Curriculum Assessment and Accountability as director of the Division of Assessment Implementation. He also served in the Office of Research and Planning as director of the Division of Evaluation, director of the Testing Unit, and education research analyst in the Division of Research. He has an M.A. in international and comparative education from Michigan State University.

Marsha Winegarner is a K–12 science program specialist and consultant in the Bureau of Curriculum, Instruction and Assessment of the Florida Department of Education, where she provides leadership in state initiatives in curriculum, standards, and professional development. Previously she served as a high school science teacher, as well as a Fulbright Memorial Fund Teacher Program delegate to Japan, a participant in the Leadership Institute of the National Research Council, and a teaching fellow at the Research Science Institute, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the University of California, and George Washington University. Her honors include the Presidential Award for Excellence in Science Teaching. She has an M.A. in zoology from the University of South Florida.