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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2005. Review of the GAPP Science and Implementation Plan. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11333.
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REVIEW OF THE GAPP SCIENCE AND IMPLEMENTATION PLAN

Committee to Review the GAPP Science and Implementation Plan

Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate

Division on Earth and Life Studies

NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, D.C.
www.nap.edu

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2005. Review of the GAPP Science and Implementation Plan. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11333.
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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001

NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.

Support for this project was provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Contract No. NAG5-12864, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under Contract No. DG133R04CQ0009, and the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research under Contract No. S05-51096. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project.

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Additional copies of this report are available from the
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Copyright 2005 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

Printed in the United States of America

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2005. Review of the GAPP Science and Implementation Plan. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11333.
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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine

The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences.

The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Wm. A. Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering.

The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.

The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts and Dr. Wm. A. Wulf are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.

www.national-academies.org

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2005. Review of the GAPP Science and Implementation Plan. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11333.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2005. Review of the GAPP Science and Implementation Plan. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11333.
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COMMITTEE TO REVIEW THE GAPP SCIENCE AND IMPLEMENTATION PLAN

KATHARINE L. JACOBS (Chair),

University of Arizona, Tucson

ANA P. BARROS,

Duke University, Durham, North Carolina

PAUL A. DIRMEYER,

Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, Maryland

ARIS P. GEORGAKAKOS,

Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta

CHESTER F. ROPELEWSKI,

International Research Institute, Palisades, New York

GUIDO D. SALVUCCI,

Boston University, Massachusetts

SOROOSH SOROOSHIAN,

University of California, Irvine

HASSAN VIRJI,

International START Secretariat, Washington, D.C.

NRC Staff

LEAH PROBST, Study Director

PARIKHIT SINHA, Study Director*

ELIZABETH A. GALINIS, Senior Program Assistant

*  

Until April 2005

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2005. Review of the GAPP Science and Implementation Plan. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11333.
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BOARD ON ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES AND CLIMATE

ROBERT J. SERAFIN (Chair),

National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder

M. JOAN ALEXANDER,

Colorado Research Associates, Boulder

FREDERICK R. ANDERSON,

McKenna Long & Aldridge LLP, Washington, D.C.

MICHAEL L. BENDER,

Princeton University, New Jersey

ROSINA M. BIERBAUM,

University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

MARY ANNE CARROLL,

University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

CAROL ANNE CLAYSON,

Florida State University, Tallahassee

WALTER DABBERDT,

Vaisala Inc., Boulder, Colorado

KERRY A. EMANUEL,

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge

DENNIS L. HARTMANN,

University of Washington, Seattle

PETER R. LEAVITT,

Weather Information, Inc., Newton, Massachusetts

JENNIFER A. LOGAN,

Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts

VERNON R. MORRIS,

Howard University, Washington, D.C.

THOMAS H. VONDER HAAR,

Colorado State University/CIRA, Fort Collins

ROGER M. WAKIMOTO,

National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado

Ex Officio Members

ANTONIO J. BUSALACCHI, JR.,

University of Maryland, College Park

ERIC F. WOOD,

Princeton University, New Jersey

NRC Staff

CHRIS ELFRING, Director

PAUL CUTLER, Senior Program Officer

AMANDA STAUDT, Senior Program Officer

IAN KRAUCUNAS, Associate Program Officer

CLAUDIA MENGELT, Associate Program Officer

LEAH PROBST, Research Associate

ELIZABETH A. GALINIS, Senior Program Assistant

ROB GREENWAY, Senior Program Assistant

DIANE GUSTAFSON, Administrative Coordinator

ANDREAS SOHRE, Financial Associate

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2005. Review of the GAPP Science and Implementation Plan. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11333.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council’s Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this report:

Alan K. Betts, Atmospheric Research, Pittsford, Vermont

Kaye Brubacker, University of Maryland, College Park

Gilbert Brunet, Meteorological Service of Canada, Environment Canada

Jeanine Jones, California Department of Water Resources

Steven A. Margulis, University of California, Los Angeles

Although the reviewers listed above have provided constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the report’s conclusions or recommendations, nor did they see the final draft of the report before its release. The review of this report was overseen by Roger Barry, University of Colorado. Appointed by the National Research Council, he was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the authoring committee and the institution.

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Water managers rely on predicting changes in the hydrologic cycle on seasonal-to-interannual time frames to prepare for water resource needs. Seasonal to interannual predictability of the hydrologic cycle is related to local and remote influences involving land processes and ocean processes, such as the El Niño Southern Oscillation. Although advances in understanding land-surface processes show promise in improving climate prediction, incorporating this information into water management decision processes remains a challenge since current models provide only limited information for predictions on seasonal and longer time scales. To address these needs, the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Americas Prediction Project (GAPP) was established in 2001 to improve how changes in water resources are predicted on intraseasonal-to-interannual time scales for the continental United States. The GAPP program has developed a science and implementation plan to guide its science activities, which describes strategies for improving prediction and decision support in the hydrologic sciences. This report by the National Research Council provides a review of the GAPP Science and Implementation Plan, outlining suggestions to strengthen the plan and the GAPP program overall.

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