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OCR for page 191
Critical Needs for Research in Veterinary Science
Appendix D
Bioterrorism Agents
Bacterial and Viral Threat Agents Associated with Animals
Category A Diseases and Agents
Zoonotic
Foot-and-mouth disease (Picorna aphthovirus)
No
Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis)
Yes
Botulism (Clostridium botulinum toxin)
No
Plague (Yersinia pestis)
Yes
Smallpox (Variola major)
No
Tularemia (Francisella tularensis)
Yes
Viral hemorrhagic fevers (Ebola, Marburg, Lassa, Machupo viruses)
No
Category B Diseases and Agents
Zoonotic
Brucellosis (Brucella spp.)
Yes
Epsilon toxin of Clostridium perfringens
No
Food safety threats (Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli O157:H7, Shigella)
Yes
Glanders (Burkholderia mallei)
Yes
Melioidosis (Burkholderia pseudomallei)
Yes
Psittacosis (Chlamydia psittaci)
Yes
Q fever (Coxiella burnetii)
Yes
Ricin toxin
No
Staphylococcal enterotoxin B
No
Typhus fever (Rikettsia prowazekii)
No
Viral encephalitis (VEE, EEE, and WEE viruses)
Yes
Water threats (Vibrio cholerae, Cryptosporidium parvum)
Yes
SOURCE: NRC 2002a, 2003a.
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Critical Needs for Research in Veterinary Science
High-Consequence Livestock Pathogens and Toxins
USDA-Only Agents and Toxinsa
USDA-HHS Overlap Agents and Toxinsb
African horse sickness virus
Bacillus anthracis
African swine fever virus
Botulinum neurotoxin
Akabane virus
Botulinum neurotoxin-producing species of Clostridium
Avian influenza virus (highly pathogenic)
Brucella abortus
Bluetongue virus (exotic)
Brucella melitensis
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy agent
Brucella suis
Camel pox virus
Burkholderia mallei
Classical swine fever virus
Burkolderia pseudonallei
Cowdria ruminantium (Heartwater)
Clostridium botulinum
Foot-and-mouth disease virus
Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin
Goat pox virus
Coccidioides immitis
Japanese encephalitis virus
Coxiella burnetii
Lumpy skin disease virus
Eastern equine encephalitis virus
Malignant catarrhal fever virus (exotic)
Franscisella tulanrensis
Menangle virus
Hendra virus
Mycoplasma capricolum/M.38/
Nipah virus
M.mycoides capri (contagious caprine—pleuropneumonia)
Mycoplasma mycoides mycoides (contagious bovine pleuropneumonia)
Rift Valley fever virus
Newcastle disease virus (VVND)
Shigatoxin
Peste des petits ruminants virus
Staphylococcus enterotoxins
Rinderpest virus
T-2 toxin
Sheep pox virus
Venezulan equine encephalitis virus
Swine vesicular disease virus
Vesicular stomatitis virus (exotic)
aSelect agents and toxins that are only the USDA list of high-consequence livestock pathogens and toxins.
bSelect agents and toxins that are on the USDA list of high-consequence livestock pathogens and toxins and on the HHS list of select agents and toxins.
SOURCE: USDA-APHIS
Representative terms from entire chapter:
veterinary school