. "Appendix G Spacecraft Propellant and By-Products as Potential Contaminants." Preventing the Forward Contamination of Mars. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2006.
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Preventing the Forward Contamination of Mars
TABLE G.1 Examples of Possible Amounts and Composition of Mars Surface Mission Propellant Exhaust Products
Missions >
Phoenix
MSL
MSR Lander
MSR MAV
Mars Airplane
Ascent Stage for Humans
Propellants >
N2H4
N2H4
N2H4/N2O4
NH4ClO/Al/HTPB
MMH/N2O4
CH4/O2
Typical >
Propellant >
Masses (kg) >
35
250
250
160
40
30000
Exhaust Products (kg)
H
0
2
H2
2
17
7
3
1
122
HO
0
26
H2O
90
15
9
13533
O
0
O2
5
N2
21
152
153
14
17
NH3
11
81
0
CO
31
3
2762
CO2
7
10
13551
Cl
0
ClH
35
Al2O3
54
SOURCE: Data provided by J. Niehoff and G. Chew of SAIC using the Air Force Chemical Equilibrium Specific Impulse Code, a rocket exhaust products chemical equilibrium code, August 2004.
REFERENCES
Husted, R.R., I.D. Smith, and P.V. Fennessey. 1977. Site Alteration Effects from Rocket Exhaust Impingement During a Simulated Viking Mars Landing. NASA CR-2814. NASA, Washington, D.C., March.
MSFC (Marshall Space Flight Center) Technical Study Team. 1991. Mars Transportation System. Doc. No. 5-130-0-5. MSFC, Huntsville, Ala., March.
