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Preventing the Forward Contamination of Mars (2006)
Space Studies Board (SSB)

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. "2 Policies and Practices in Planetary Protection." Preventing the Forward Contamination of Mars. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2006.

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Preventing the Forward Contamination of Mars

National Research Council (NRC). 1978. Recommendations on Quarantine Policy for Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Titan. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.

NRC. 1992. Biological Contamination of Mars: Issues and Recommendations. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.


Pace, N.R. 1997. A molecular view of microbial diversity and the biosphere. Science 276: 734-740.


Sagan, C., and S. Coleman. 1965. Spacecraft sterilization standards and contamination of Mars. J. Astronaut. Aeronaut. 3: 22-27.

Sagan, C., and S. Coleman. 1966. Decontamination standards for martian exploration programs. Pp. 470-481 in Biology and the Exploration of Mars, C.S. Pittendrigh, W. Vishniac, and J.P.T. Pearman, eds. NRC Publication 1296. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C.

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