critical to achieving the program vision. This kind of cooperation is a very effective way to develop technologies that will satisfy all of the requirements for the deployment of radically new systems in the marketplace on a large scale. However, unlike the PNGV program, which aimed at the development of concept and preproduction prototype automobiles, the FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership addresses the development of advanced technologies for all light-duty passenger vehicles—for example, cars, sport utility vehicles, pickups, and minivans. Another strength of the new partnership is that it includes fuel production and infrastructure technologies and that it includes five energy companies, adding essential knowledge about fuels to the program.

The funding in FY05 for DOE programs falling under the purview of the FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership is about $310 million and covers basic research, applied research, development, learning demonstrations, and deployment (including education that supports technology transfer and adoption). The complexity of the FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership is evident from the broad scope of the technical areas addressed:

• Internal combustion engines (both petroleum- and hydrogen-fueled),

• Fuel cell power systems,

• Fuel cells,

• Hydrogen storage systems,

• Energy storage systems for hybrid vehicles,

• Electric propulsion systems,

• Hydrogen production and delivery systems, and

• Materials for lightweight vehicles.

There are 11 technical teams consisting of individuals from the national laboratories, the private sector, and the federal government:

• Advanced combustion and emissions control,

• Fuel cell systems,

• Onboard hydrogen storage,

• Electrochemical storage,

• Electrical and electronics,

• Materials,

• Hydrogen production,

• Hydrogen delivery,

• Fuel/vehicle pathway integration,

• Codes and standards, and

• Systems engineering and analysis.

DOE is the lead government agency in the Partnership, and a number of its offices are involved. EERE has primary responsibility for the program through its