National Academies Press: OpenBook
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Application of Toxicogenomics to Cross-Species Extrapolation: A Report of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11488.
×

APPLICATION OF TOXICOGENOMICS TO CROSS-SPECIES EXTRAPOLATION

Committee on Applications of Toxicogenomics to Cross-Species Extrapolation

Committee on Emerging Issues and Data on Environmental Contaminants

Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology

Board on Life Sciences

Division on Earth and Life Studies

NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, D.C.
www.nap.edu

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Application of Toxicogenomics to Cross-Species Extrapolation: A Report of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11488.
×

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001

NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.

This project was supported by Contract No. N01-OD-4-2139 between the National Academy of Sciences and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the organizations or agencies that provided support for this project.

International Standard Book Number 0-309-10084-4

Additional copies of this report are available from The
National Academies Press
500 Fifth Street, NW Box 285 Washington, DC 20055 800-624-6242 202-334-3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area) http://www.nap.edu

Copyright 2006 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

Printed in the United States of America

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Application of Toxicogenomics to Cross-Species Extrapolation: A Report of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11488.
×

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine


The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences.


The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Wm. A. Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering.


The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.


The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Wm. A. Wulf are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.


www.national-academies.org

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Application of Toxicogenomics to Cross-Species Extrapolation: A Report of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11488.
×

This page intentionally left blank.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Application of Toxicogenomics to Cross-Species Extrapolation: A Report of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11488.
×

COMMITTEE ON APPLICATIONS OF TOXICOGENOMICS TO CROSS-SPECIES EXTRAPOLATION: A WORKSHOP

Members

N. LEIGH ANDERSON (Chair),

Plasma Proteome Institute, Washington, DC

JAMES S. BUS,

Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI

DAVID L. EATON,

University of Washington, Seattle

SERRINE S. LAU,

University of Arizona, Tucson

JOHN A. MOORE,

Hollyhouse, Inc., Wicomico Church, VA

JOHN QUACKENBUSH,

Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA

KENNETH S. RAMOS,

University of Louisville, Louisville, KY

Staff

MARILEE SHELTON-DAVENPORT, Project Director

ROBERTA WEDGE, Project Director

NORMAN GROSSBLATT, Senior Editor

JENNIFER E. SAUNDERS, Research Associate

MIRSADA KARALIC-LONCAREVIC, Research Associate

ALEXANDRA STUPPLE, Senior Editorial Assistant

LUCY V. FUSCO, Senior Program Assistant

JORDAN CRAGO, Senior Program Assistant

SAMMY BARDLEY, Librarian

Sponsor

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Application of Toxicogenomics to Cross-Species Extrapolation: A Report of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11488.
×

COMMITTEE ON EMERGING ISSUES AND DATA ON ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS

Members

KENNETH S. RAMOS (Chair),

University of Louisville, Louisville, KY

N. LEIGH ANDERSON,

Plasma Proteome Institute, Washington, DC

PATRICIA A. BUFFLER,

University of California, Berkeley

JAMES S. BUS,

Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI

JOSEPH DEGEORGE,

Merck Pharmaceuticals, West Point, PA

GEORGIA M. DUNSTON,

Howard University, Washington, DC

LINDA E. GREER,

Natural Resources Defense Council, Washington, DC

ROBERT J. GRIFFIN,

Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI

JOHN D. GROOPMAN,

Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD

CASIMIR A. KULIKOWSKI,

Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ

AMY D. KYLE,

University of California, Berkeley

PHILIP LEDER,

Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA

PETER LORD,

Johnson & Johnson, Raritan, NJ

WILLIAM B. MATTES,

Gene Logic, LLC, Gaithersburg, MD

GEORGE ORPHANIDES,

Syngenta, LLC, Cheshire, UK

FREDERICA P. PERERA,

Columbia University, New York, NY

JOHN QUACKENBUSH,

Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA

MARK A. ROTHSTEIN,

University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY

LEONA D. SAMSON,

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge

PETER S. SPENCER,

Oregon Health Sciences Institute, Portland

LAWRENCE SUNG,

University of Maryland, Baltimore

CHERYL L. WALKER,

University of Texas, Smithville

RUSSELL D. WOLFINGER,

SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC

Staff

MARILEE SHELTON-DAVENPORT, Project Director

KARL GUSTAVSON, Project Director

EILEEN ABT, Program Director

NORMAN GROSSBLATT, Senior Editor

JENNIFER E. SAUNDERS, Research Associate

LUCY V. FUSCO, Senior Program Assistant

JORDAN CRAGO, Senior Program Assistant

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Application of Toxicogenomics to Cross-Species Extrapolation: A Report of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11488.
×

BOARD ON ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES AND TOXICOLOGY

Members

JONATHAN M. SAMET (Chair),

The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD

RAMÓN ALVAREZ,

Environmental Defense, Austin, TX

THOMAS BURKE,

The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD

JUDITH C. CHOW,

Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV

COSTEL D. DENSON,

University of Delaware, Newark

E. DONALD ELLIOTT,

Willkie Farr & Gallagher LLP, Washington, DC

CHRISTOPHER B. FIELD,

Carnegie Institution of Washington, Stanford, CA

SHERRI W. GOODMAN,

Center for Naval Analyses, Alexandria, VA

JUDITH A. GRAHAM,

American Chemistry Council, Arlington, VA

DANIEL S. GREENBAUM,

Health Effects Institute, Cambridge, MA

ROBERT HUGGETT,

Michigan State University, East Lansing

BARRY L. JOHNSON,

Emory University, Atlanta, GA

JAMES H. JOHNSON,

Howard University, Washington, DC

JUDITH L. MEYER,

University of Georgia, Athens

PATRICK Y. O’BRIEN,

ChevronTexaco Energy Technology Company, Richmond, CA

DOROTHY E. PATTON,

International Life Sciences Institute, Washington, DC

STEWARD T.A. PICKETT,

Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY

JOSEPH V. RODRICKS,

ENVIRON Corporation, Arlington, VA

ARMISTEAD G. RUSSELL,

Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta

LISA SPEER,

Natural Resources Defense Council, New York, NY

KIMBERLY M. THOMPSON,

Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA

G. DAVID TILMAN,

University of Minnesota, St. Paul

CHRIS G. WHIPPLE,

ENVIRON Corporation, Emeryville, CA

LAUREN A. ZEISE,

California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland

Senior Staff

JAMES J. REISA, Director

DAVID J. POLICANSKY, Scholar

RAYMOND A. WASSEL, Senior Program Officer for Environmental Sciences and Engineering

KULBIR BAKSHI, Senior Program Officer for Toxicology

EILEEN N. ABT, Senior Program Officer for Risk Analysis

K. JOHN HOLMES, Senior Program Officer

SUSAN N.J. MARTEL, Senior Program Officer

SUZANNE VAN DRUNICK, Senior Program Officer

ELLEN K. MANTUS, Senior Program Officer

RUTH E. CROSSGROVE, Senior Editor

Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Application of Toxicogenomics to Cross-Species Extrapolation: A Report of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11488.
×

BOARD ON LIFE SCIENCES

Members

CORY S. GOODMAN (Chair),

Renovis Inc., South San Francisco, CA

ANN M. ARVIN,

Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA

JEFFREY L. BENNETZEN,

University of Georgia, Athens, GA

RUTH BERKELMAN,

Emory University, Atlanta, GA

R. ALTA CHARO,

University of Wisconsin, Madison

DENNIS CHOI,

Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA

JEFFREY L. DANGL,

University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

PAUL R. EHRLICH,

Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA

JAMES M. GENTILE,

Hope College, Holland, MI

ED HARLOW,

Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA

DAVID HILLIS,

University of Texas, Austin

KENNETH F. KELLER,

University of Minnesota, Minneapolis

RANDALL MURCH,

Institute for Defense Analyses, Alexandria, VA

GREGORY A. PETSKO,

Brandeis University, Waltham, MA

STUART L. PIMM,

Duke University, Durham, NC

BARBARA A. SCHAAL,

Washington University, St. Louis, MO

JAMES TIEDJE,

Michigan State University, East Lansing

KEITH YAMAMOTO,

University of California, San Francisco

Senior Staff

FRANCES E. SHARPLES, Director

KERRY A. BRENNER, Senior Program Officer

ROBIN A. SCHOEN, Senior Program Officer

MARILEE SHELTON-DAVENPORT, Senior Program Officer

ROBERT T. YUAN, Senior Program Officer

ADAM P. FAGEN, Program Officer

ANN REID, Program Officer

EVONNE P.Y. TANG, Program Officer

SETH STRONGIN, Senior Program Assistant

DENISE GROSSHANS, Financial Associate

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Application of Toxicogenomics to Cross-Species Extrapolation: A Report of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11488.
×

Preface

Toxicogenomics has been described as a discipline combining expertise in toxicology, genetics, molecular biology, and environmental health to elucidate the response of living organisms to stressful environments. It includes, but is not limited to, the study of how genomes respond to toxicant exposures and how genotype affects responses to toxicant exposures. As the technology rapidly develops, it is critical that scientists and the public communicate about the promises and limitations of this new field. Despite the dependence on animal models in toxicologic research for predicting human health effects in the regulatory arena, there can be important differences between how animals and humans respond to different chemicals. The Committee on Applications of Toxicogenomics to Cross-Species Extrapolation designed a workshop to consider using toxicogenomics in cross-species extrapolation from animals to humans. The workshop reflected on the promises and limitations of emerging data-rich approaches—such as genotyping (genomics), mRNA analysis (transcriptomics), protein analysis (proteomics), and metabolite analysis (metabolomics)—to inform cross-species extrapolation. Specifically, the workshop considered whether the data-rich technologies offer new ways of determining whether the effects of chemicals in test animals can be used to predict human responses.

This workshop report has been reviewed in draft form by persons chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council’s Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published workshop report as sound as possible and to ensure

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Application of Toxicogenomics to Cross-Species Extrapolation: A Report of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11488.
×

that the report meets institutional standards of objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following people for their review of this workshop report: Susan Sumner, RTI International; Jonathan H. Freedman, Duke University; Kevin W. Gaido, CIIT Centers for Integrated Genomics; and Frank A. Witzmann, Indiana University School of Medicine.

Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the conclusions or recommendations, nor did they see the final draft of the workshop report before its release. The review of the workshop report was overseen by Rogene Henderson, of the Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute. Appointed by the National Research Council, she was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of the workshop report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of the workshop report rests entirely with the committee and the institution.

The committee gratefully acknowledges the following for making presentations at the workshop: John L. Butenhoff, 3M Company; Frank A. Witzmann, Indiana University School of Medicine; William H. Benson, Stephen Nesnow, and Kerry L. Dearfield, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Richard T. Di Giulio, Duke University; Donna Mendrick, Gene Logic Inc.; Susan Sumner, RTI International; and Russell Thomas, CIIT Centers for Health Research.

The committee is grateful for the assistance of the National Research Council staff in preparing this workshop summary: Marilee Shelton-Davenport, Roberta Wedge, and Karl Gustavson, project directors; James Reisa, director of the Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology; Fran Sharples, director of the Board on Life Sciences; Jennifer Saunders and Mirsada Karalic-Loncarevic, research associates; Jennifer Roberts, postdoctoral research associate; Norman Grossblatt, senior editor; Lucy Fusco and Jordan Crago, senior program assistants; and Sammy Bardley, librarian.

Finally, I thank the members of the committee for their dedicated efforts throughout the development of this workshop summary.

N. Leigh Anderson

Chair, Committee on Application of Toxicogenomics to Cross-Species Extrapolation

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Application of Toxicogenomics to Cross-Species Extrapolation: A Report of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11488.
×
Page xiii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Application of Toxicogenomics to Cross-Species Extrapolation: A Report of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11488.
×

APPLICATION OF TOXICOGENOMICS TO CROSS-SPECIES EXTRAPOLATION

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Application of Toxicogenomics to Cross-Species Extrapolation: A Report of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11488.
×

This page intentionally left blank.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Application of Toxicogenomics to Cross-Species Extrapolation: A Report of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11488.
×
Page R1
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Application of Toxicogenomics to Cross-Species Extrapolation: A Report of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11488.
×
Page R2
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Application of Toxicogenomics to Cross-Species Extrapolation: A Report of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11488.
×
Page R3
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Application of Toxicogenomics to Cross-Species Extrapolation: A Report of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11488.
×
Page R4
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Application of Toxicogenomics to Cross-Species Extrapolation: A Report of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11488.
×
Page R5
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Application of Toxicogenomics to Cross-Species Extrapolation: A Report of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11488.
×
Page R6
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Application of Toxicogenomics to Cross-Species Extrapolation: A Report of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11488.
×
Page R7
Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Application of Toxicogenomics to Cross-Species Extrapolation: A Report of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11488.
×
Page R8
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Application of Toxicogenomics to Cross-Species Extrapolation: A Report of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11488.
×
Page R9
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Application of Toxicogenomics to Cross-Species Extrapolation: A Report of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11488.
×
Page R10
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Application of Toxicogenomics to Cross-Species Extrapolation: A Report of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11488.
×
Page R11
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Application of Toxicogenomics to Cross-Species Extrapolation: A Report of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11488.
×
Page R12
Page xiii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Application of Toxicogenomics to Cross-Species Extrapolation: A Report of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11488.
×
Page R13
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2006. Application of Toxicogenomics to Cross-Species Extrapolation: A Report of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11488.
×
Page R14
Next: Summary of Workshop »
Application of Toxicogenomics to Cross-Species Extrapolation: A Report of a Workshop Get This Book
×
Buy Paperback | $29.00 Buy Ebook | $23.99
MyNAP members save 10% online.
Login or Register to save!
Download Free PDF

Some of what we know about the health effects of exposure to chemicals from food, drugs, and the environment come from studies of occupational, inadvertent, or accident-related exposures. When there is not enough human data, scientists rely on animal data to assess risk from chemical exposure and make health and safety decisions. However, humans and animals can respond differently to chemicals, including the types of adverse effects experienced and the dosages at which they occur. Scientists in the field of toxicogenomics are using new technologies to study the effects of chemicals. For example, in response to a particular chemical exposure, they can study gene expression ("transcriptomics"), proteins ("proteomics") and metabolites ("metabolomics"), and they can also look at how individual and species differences in the underlying DNA sequence itself can result in different responses to the environment. Based on a workshop held in August 2004, this report explores how toxicogenomics could enhance scientists' ability to make connections between data from experimental animal studies and human health.

  1. ×

    Welcome to OpenBook!

    You're looking at OpenBook, NAP.edu's online reading room since 1999. Based on feedback from you, our users, we've made some improvements that make it easier than ever to read thousands of publications on our website.

    Do you want to take a quick tour of the OpenBook's features?

    No Thanks Take a Tour »
  2. ×

    Show this book's table of contents, where you can jump to any chapter by name.

    « Back Next »
  3. ×

    ...or use these buttons to go back to the previous chapter or skip to the next one.

    « Back Next »
  4. ×

    Jump up to the previous page or down to the next one. Also, you can type in a page number and press Enter to go directly to that page in the book.

    « Back Next »
  5. ×

    Switch between the Original Pages, where you can read the report as it appeared in print, and Text Pages for the web version, where you can highlight and search the text.

    « Back Next »
  6. ×

    To search the entire text of this book, type in your search term here and press Enter.

    « Back Next »
  7. ×

    Share a link to this book page on your preferred social network or via email.

    « Back Next »
  8. ×

    View our suggested citation for this chapter.

    « Back Next »
  9. ×

    Ready to take your reading offline? Click here to buy this book in print or download it as a free PDF, if available.

    « Back Next »
Stay Connected!