TABLE 5-1 EPA’s Weight-of-Evidence Approach for Evaluating Degree of Concern for Prenatal and Postnatal Toxicity on the Basis of Human and Animal Data
|
Factor |
Degree of Concern |
|
|
Increasing Weight—Higher Degree of Concern |
Decreasing Weight—Lower Degree of Concern |
|
|
Pre- and postnatal toxicity |
Effects found in humans related to exposure Same types of effects seen in more then one species Effects of a different type with greater potential consequences in young than in adults Persistence or relatively longer recovery of effects in young than in adults |
No adverse human or animal effects associated with exposure Similar response in young with relatively shorter recovery than in adults |
|
Dose-response relationship |
Effects observed at a lower dose in young than in adults NOAEL not identified Poor data on dose-response relationship |
Effects at higher dose in young than in adults or only at high dose in presence of severe generalized toxicity Good data on dose-response relationship that allows confident identification of NOAEL or BMD |
|
Pharmacokinetics |
Metabolic profile indicates higher internal dose of active moiety in young than in adults or in humans than in animals |
Metabolic profile indicates lower internal dose of active moiety in young than in adults or in humans than in animals |
|
Mode of action |
Mode of action supports relevance to humans and concern for animal findings Mode of action may lead to several adverse consequences in offspring |
Evidence indicates that mode of action is species-specific and thus not relevant to humans Evidence indicates that humans are less sensitive than animal model |
|
Source: Adapted from EPA 2002a. |
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