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PART IV: APPENDIX I 487
I
ESTIMATES OF
WITHIN-SUBJECT
VARIATION IN INTAKE
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DRIs: THE ESSENTIAL GUIDE TO NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS
488
TABLE I-1 Estimates of Within-Subject Variation in Intake, Expressed as
Standard Deviation (SD) a and Coefficient of Variation (CV) for Vitamins and
Minerals in Adults Aged 19 and Over
Adults Ages 19–50 y Adults, Ages 51 y and Over
Females Males Females Males
( n = 2,480)c ( n = 2,538) ( n = 2,162) ( n = 2,280)
CV CV CV CV
Nutrient b SD (%) SD (%) SD (%) SD (%)
Vitamin A ( mg) 1,300 152 1,160 115 1,255 129 1,619 133
Carotene (RE) 799 175 875 177 796 147 919 153
Vitamin E (mg) 5 76 7 176 6 65 9 60
Vitamin C (mg) 73 87 93 92 61 69 72 71
Thiamin (mg) 0.6 47 0.9 46 0.5 41 0.7 40
Riboflavin (mg) 0.6 50 1.0 44 0.6 42 0.8 40
Niacin (mg) 9 47 12 44 7 42 9 39
Vitamin B 6 (mg) 0.8 53 1.0 48 0.6 44 0.8 42
Folate (mg) d 131 62 180 61 12 52 150 53
Vitamin B 12 (mg) 12 294 13 212 10 237 14 226
Calcium (mg) 325 51 492 54 256 44 339 44
Phosphorus (mg) 395 39 573 38 313 33 408 32
Magnesium (mg) 86 38 122 38 74 33 94 32
Iron (mg) 7 53 9 51 5 44 7 44
Zinc (mg) 6 61 9 63 5 58 8 66
Copper (mg) 0.6 53 0.7 48 0.5 53 0.7 56
Sodium (mg) 1,839 44 1,819 43 1,016 41 1,323 38
Potassium (mg) 851 38 1,147 36 723 31 922 31
NOTE: When the CV is larger than 60 to 70 percent the distribution of daily intakes is nonnormal and the
methods presented here are unreliable.
a Square root of the residual variance after accounting for subject, and sequence of observation (gender
and age controlled by classifications).
b Nutrient intakes are for food only, data do not include intake from supplements.
c Sample size was inadequate to provide separate estimates for pregnant or lactating women.
d Folate reported in mg rather than as the new dietary folate equivalents (DFE).
SOURCE: Data from Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals 1994–1996.
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PART IV: APPENDIX I 489
TABLE I-2 Estimates of Within-Subject Variation in Intake, Expressed as
Standard Deviation (SD) a and Coefficient of Variation (CV) for Vitamins and
Minerals in Adolescents and Children
Adolescents, Ages 9–18 y Children, Ages 4–8 y
Females Males Females Males
(n = 1,002) (n = 998) (n = 817) (n = 883)
CV CV CV CV
Nutrient b SD (%) SD (%) SD (%) SD (%)
Vitamin A ( mg) 852 109 898 91 808 103 723 86
Carotene (RE) 549 180 681 197 452 167 454 166
Vitamin E (mg) 4 67 5 62 3 54 3 57
Vitamin C (mg) 81 90 93 89 61 69 74 76
Thiamin (mg) 0.6 43 0.8 42 0.5 35 0.5 37
Riboflavin (mg) 0.7 42 1.0 41 0.6 35 0.7 35
Niacin (mg) 8 46 11 43 6 36 7 38
Vitamin B 6 (mg) 0.7 49 1.0 49 0.6 42 0.7 43
Folate (mg) c 128 58 176 60 99 48 117 50
Vitamin B 12 (mg) 5.5 142 5.0 93 9.6 254 4.7 118
Calcium (mg) 374 48 505 48 313 40 353 41
Phosphorus (mg) 410 38 542 37 321 32 352 32
Magnesium (mg) 86 41 109 39 61 31 71 33
Iron (mg) 6 47 9 50 5 45 6 43
Zinc (mg) 5 50 8 58 3 41 4 42
Copper (mg) 0.5 52 0.6 48 0.4 47 0.4 41
Sodium (mg) 1,313 45 1,630 42 930 38 957 35
Potassium (mg) 866 41 1,130 41 631 32 750 35
NOTE: When the CV is larger than 60 to 70 percent the distribution of daily intakes is nonnormal and the
methods presented here are unreliable.
a Square root of the residual variance after accounting for subject, and sequence of observation (gender
and age controlled by classifications).
b Nutrient intakes are for food only, data do not include intake from supplements.
c Folate reported in mg rather than as the new dietary folate equivalents (DFE).
SOURCE: Data from Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals 1994–1996.
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DRIs: THE ESSENTIAL GUIDE TO NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS
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TABLE I-3 Estimates of Within-Subject Variation in Intake, Expressed as
Standard Deviation (SD)a and Coefficient of Variation (CV) for Macronutrients
in Adults Aged 19 and Over
Adults, Ages 19–50 y Adults, Ages 51 y and Over
Females Males Females Males
(n = 2,480)c (n = 2,583) (n = 2,162) (n = 2,280)
CV CV CV CV
Nutrientb SD (%) SD (%) SD (%) SD (%)
Energy (kcal) 576 34 854 34 448 31 590 29
Fat (total, g) 29.9 48 42.7 44 24.0 45 31.8 42
Fat (saturated, g) 10.9 52 15.9 49 8.6 50 11.4 45
Fat (mono-
unsaturated, g) 12.0 50 17.4 46 9.7 48 13.0 44
Fat (poly-
unsaturated, g) 8.4 64 11.3 59 7.0 61 8.8 57
Carbohydrate (g) 75.2 35 109 35 59.9 32 79.5 32
Protein (g) 26.6 42 40.4 41 22.1 37 28.6 35
Fiber (g) 6.5 49 9.2 51 5.9 43 7.7 43
Cholesterol (mg) 168 77 227 66 144 70 201 66
NOTE: When the CV is larger than 60 to 70 percent the distribution of daily intakes is nonnormal and the
methods presented here are unreliable.
a Square root of the residual variance after accounting for subject, and sequence of observation (gender
and age controlled by classifications).
b Nutrient intakes are for food only, data do not include intake from supplements.
c Sample size was inadequate to provide separate estimates for pregnant or lactating women.
SOURCE: Data from Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals 1994–1996.
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PART IV: APPENDIX I 491
TABLE I-4 Estimates of Within-Subject Variation in Intake,
Expressed as Standard Deviation (SD)a and Coefficient of
Variation (CV) for Macronutrients in Adolescents and Children
Adolescents Ages 9–18 y Children Ages 4–8 y
Females Males Females Males
(n = 1,002) (n = 998) (n = 817) (n = 833)
CV CV CV CV
Nutrientb SD (%) SD (%) SD (%) SD (%)
Energy (kcal) 628 34 800 33 427 27 478 27
Fat (total, g) 29.8 45 38.2 42 21.3 37 23.9 37
Fat (saturated, g) 11.3 48 15.3 48 8.5 40 9.6 40
Fat (mono-
unsaturated, g) 12.4 48 15.5 44 8.6 39 9.9 41
Fat (poly-
unsaturated, g) 7.3 60 8.7 55 5.1 52 5.5 52
Carbohydrate (g) 88.1 35 113 35 61.7 29 70.8 30
Protein (g) 26.2 42 33.9 39 19.2 34 20.4 33
Fiber (g) 6.2 51 8.7 56 4.6 43 5.3 45
Cholesterol (mg) 145 72 199 71 129 70 137 66
NOTE: When the CV is larger than 60 to 70 percent the distribution of daily intakes is nonnormal and the
methods presented here are unreliable.
a Square root of the residual variance after accounting for subject, and sequence of observation (gender
and age controlled by classifications).
b Nutrient intakes are for food only, data do not include intake from supplements.
SOURCE: Data from Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals 1994–1996.
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