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Fluoride in Drinking Water: A Scientific Review of EPA's Standards (2006)
Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology (BEST)

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. "Appendix E Detailed Information on Endocrine Studies of Fluoride." Fluoride in Drinking Water: A Scientific Review of EPA's Standards. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2006.

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Fluoride in Drinking Water: A Scientific Review of EPA’S Standards

TABLE E-16 Effects of Fluoride on Other Endocrine Organs in Experimental Animals

Species and Strain

Exposure Conditions

Concentration or Dosea

Exposure Duration

Rabbits (young adult)

Intravenous

3 mg/kg/day

2 months

Rats (Long-Evans; 2 groups, each with 10 experimental and 5 control; age 49 or 52 days at start, 160-180 g)

Intraperitoneal (controls injected with NaCl)

Acute, 406.47 mg, NaF total

[average dose, 68 mg/kg/day]b

Chronic, 1131.65 mg of NaF total

[average dose, 18 mg/kg/day]b

Acute, 15 days

Chronic, 100 days

Rats (Hebrew University albino, males; infants at start, 30-32 g)

See also Table E-1

Drinking water

0.55, 1, or 10 mg/L [0.055, 0.1, and 1 mg/kg/day]c

9 months

Rats (Sprague-Dawley, males, 325-350 g)

Intravenous

6 mg/kg/hour

3 hours

Rats (Wistar)

See also Table E-1

Drinking water and diet

Water: 0, 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, or 200 mg/L

Diet: 0.31 or 34.5 ppm [0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, or 20 mg/ kg/day from water and 0.025 or 2.8 mg/kg/day from feed]d

54-58 days

Rats (Wistar albino, males, 95-105 g)

Intraperitoneal (controls injected with NaCl)

15.8 mg/kg (35 mg/kg of NaF)

Single dose

Rats (inbred strain IIM, females, 180-220 g)

Oral administration of NaF by gastric tube

7.6 mg/kg

Single dose, after fasting for 24 hours

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