Review and Assessment of the Health and Productivity Benefits of Green Schools: An Interim Report
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NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This study was supported by a Master Services Agreement between the National Academy of Sciences and the Massachusetts Technology Collaborative (awarded November 2004); Grant 1906 between the Barr Foundation and the National Academy of Sciences (awarded September 2004); and funding from the Connecticut Clean Energy Fund (awarded April 2005); the Kendall Foundation (awarded March 2005); and the U.S. Green Building Council (awarded February 2005). Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project.
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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Wm. A. Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Wm. A. Wulf are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.
COMMITTEE TO REVIEW AND ASSESS THE HEALTH AND PRODUCTIVITY BENEFITS OF GREEN SCHOOLS
JOHN D. SPENGLER,
Harvard University,
Chair
VIVIAN E. LOFTNESS,
Carnegie Mellon University,
Vice Chair
CHARLENE W. BAYER,
Georgia Institute of Technology
JOHN S. BRADLEY,
National Research Council, Ottawa, Canada
GLEN I. EARTHMAN,
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
PEYTON A. EGGLESTON,
Johns Hopkins University
PAUL FISETTE,
University of Massachusetts, Amherst
CAROLINE BREESE HALL,
University of Rochester
GARY T. HENRY,
Georgia State University
CLIFFORD S. MITCHELL,
Johns Hopkins University
MARK S. REA,
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
HENRY SANOFF,
North Carolina State University
CAROL H. WEISS,
Harvard University
SUZANNE M. WILSON,
Michigan State University
Staff
LYNDA STANLEY, Director,
Board on Infrastructure and the Constructed Environment
KEVIN LEWIS, Program Officer
PAT WILLIAMS, Senior Project Assistant
BOARD ON INFRASTRUCTURE AND THE CONSTRUCTED ENVIRONMENT
HENRY J. HATCH,
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (retired), Oakton, Virginia,
Chair
MASSOUD AMIN,
University of Minnesota
REGINALD DesROCHES,
Georgia Institute of Technology
DENNIS DUNNE, Consultant,
Scottsdale, Arizona
PAUL FISETTE,
University of Massachusetts, Amherst
LUCIA GARSYS,
Hillsborough County, Florida
WILLIAM HANSMIRE,
Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade & Douglas
THEODORE C. KENNEDY,
BE&K, Inc.
SUE McNEIL,
University of Delaware
DEREK PARKER,
Anshen+Allen
HENRY G. SCHWARTZ, JR.,
Washington University
WILLIAM WALLACE,
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
CRAIG ZIMRING,
Georgia Institute of Technology
Staff
LYNDA STANLEY, Director
MICHAEL COHN, Program Officer
KEVIN LEWIS, Program Officer
DANA CAINES, Financial Associate
PAT WILLIAMS, Senior Project Assistant
Acknowledgment of Reviewers
This interim report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the NRC’s Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this report:
Karen Anderson, Florida Department of Health,
William J. Fisk, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,
Robert E. Fullilove, Columbia University,
Martin Moeck, Pennsylvania State University, and
William Rose, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the conclusions or recommendations, nor did they see the final draft of the report before its release. The review of this report was overseen by Henry W. Riecken, University of Pennsylvania, Emeritus, and Richard N. Wright, National Institute of Standards and Technology, retired. Appointed by the National Research Council, they were responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the authoring committee and the institution.
