National Academies Press: OpenBook
« Previous: 8 Recommendations
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×

References

Air, Inc. (Air Improvement Resources, Inc.). 2004a. Review of Cambridge Systematics LEV II Study. Memorandum to Greg Dana, Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers, from Jeremy G. Heiken, Air Improvement Resources, Inc., Novi, MI. January 5, 2004.

Air, Inc. (Air Improvement Resources, Inc.). 2004b. Review of Connecticut Fund for the Environment LEV II Studies. Memorandum to Greg Dana, Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers, from Jeremy G. Heiken, Air Improvement Resources, Inc., Novi, MI. January 28, 2004.

Allred, E.N., E.R. Bleecker, B.R. Chaitman, T.E. Dahms, S.O. Gottlieb, J.D. Hackney, D. Hayes, M. Pagano, R.H. Selvester, S.M. Walden, et al. 1989. Acute Effects of Carbon Monoxide Exposure on Individuals with Coronary Artery Disease. Health Research Report 25. Cambridge, MA: Health Effects Institute.

Anderman, M., F.R. Kalhammer, and D. MacArthur. 2000. Advanced Batteries for Electric Vehicles: An Assessment of Performance, Cost and Availability. Prepared for California Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA, by The Year 2000 Battery Technology Advisory Panel [online]. Available: http://ntl.bts.gov/card_view.cfm?docid=22893 [accessed July 19, 2005].

Anderson, J.F., and T. Sherwood. 2002. Comparison of EPA and Other Estimates of Mobile Source Rule Costs to Actual Price Changes. SAE Technical Paper 2002-01-1980. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers.

Ando, A.W., V. McConnell, and W. Harrington. 2000. Costs, emissions reductions and vehicle repair: Evidence from Arizona. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 50(4):509-521.

Aplet, J.H., and G. Meade. 1997. Mobile source emissions regulation in California. Pp. 39-70 in Air Pollution and Regional Economic Performance:

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×

A Case Study, J.V. Hall, ed. Advances in the Economics of Environmental Resources, Vol. 2. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.

Argote, L., and D. Epple. 1990. Learning curves in manufacturing. Science 247(4945):920-924.

Ashbaugh, L.L., and D.R. Lawson. 1991. A Comparison of Emissions from Mobile Sources Using Random Roadside Surveys Conducted in 1985, 1987, and 1989. AWMA Reprint No. 91-180.58. Presented at 84th Annual AWMA Meeting, Vancouver, BC. June.

ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry). 1993. Toxicological Profile for 1,3-Butadiene. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA [online]. Available: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp28.html#bookmark03 [accessed Feb. 1, 2006].

ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry). 2004. Medical Management Guidelines (MMGs) for Formaldehyde (HCHO) [online]. Available: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/MHMI/mmg111.html [accessed May 24, 2005].

Austin, T. 2005. Incremental Costs and Cost-Effectiveness of California Emissions Standards. Presentation at the Fourth Meeting on State Practices in Setting Mobile Source Emissions Standards, April 15th, 2005, Boston, MA.


Babik, R. 2005. State Practices in Setting Mobile Source Emissions Standards: Perspectives of General Motors. Presentation at the Third Meeting on State Practices in Setting Mobile Source Emissions Standards, January 19th, 2005, Dearborn, MI.

Barber, M., and D. Sween. 2005. Truckers doubt they’ll be ale to meet new standards designed to cut diesel engine emissions starting in 2007. Enterprise 34(36):5. February 28, 2005.

Becker, S.W. 2004. State and Local Mobile Source and Fuel Standards A Briefing for the National Research Council. Presentation by STAPPA/ALAPCO at the First Meeting of the Committee on State Practices in Setting Mobile Source Emissions Standards, June 28th, 2004, Washington D.C.

Bell, M.L., A.D. McDermott, S.L. Zeger, J.M. Samet, and F.Dominici. 2004. Ozone and short-term mortality in 95 US Urban Communities, 1987-2000. JAMA 292(19):2372-2378.

Benson, J.D., V. Burns, R.A. Gorse, A.M. Hochhauser, W.J. Koehl, L.J. Painter, and R.M. Reuter. 1991. Effects of Gasoline Sulfur Level on Mass Exhaust Emissions - Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program. SAE 912323. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers.

Bertelsen, B.I. 2001. Future U.S. motor vehicle emission standards and the role of advanced emission control technology in meeting those standards. Top. Catal. 16/17(1-4):15-22.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×

Bishop, G.A., and D.H. Stedman. 1990. On-road carbon monoxide emission measurement comparisons for the 1988-1989 Colorado oxy-fuels program Environ. Sci. Technol. 24(6):843-847.

Bishop, G.A., S.S. Pokharel, and D.H. Stedman. 1999. On-Road Remote Sensing of Automobile Emissions in the Phoenix Area: Year 1. Contract No. E-23-4. Prepared for Coordinating Research Council, Inc., Atlanta, GA, by Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO [online]. Available: http://www.crcao.com/ [accessed July 12, 2005].

Bishop, G.A., S.S. Pokharel, and D.H. Stedman. 2000. On-Road Remote Sensing of Automobile Emissions in the Los Angeles Area: Year 1. Prepared for Coordinating Research Council, Inc., Alpharetta, GA, by Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO [online]. Available: http://www.crcao.com/ [accessed July 12, 2005].

Bishop, G.A., M.J. Williams, D.A. Burgard, and D.H. Stedman. 2003. On-Road Remote Sensing of Automobile Emissions in the Chicago Area: Year 5, September 2002. Final Report. Contract No. E-23-4. Prepared for Coordinating Research Council, Inc., Alpharetta, GA, by Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO [online]. Available: http://www.feat.biochem.du.edu/assets/databases/Illinois/Arlhghts/Chicago_Year_5_CRC2002.pdf [accessed Jan. 21, 2005].

Blanchard, C.L., and S.J. Tanenbaum. 2003. Differences between weekday and weekend air pollutant levels in southern California. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 53(7):816-828.

Blanchard, C.L., and S.J. Tanenbaum. 2005. Weekday/Weekend Differences in Ambient Concentrations of Primary and Secondary Air Pollutants in Atlanta, Baltimore, Chicago, Dallas-Fort Worth, Denver, Houston, New York, Phoenix, Washington and Surrounding Areas. NERL Project ES04-1. NERL Subcontract No. LDX-4-44213-01. Envair, Albany, CA. May 16, 2005.

Boyle, M. 2002. Dirty little engines get cleaner. Fortune 145(10):146B.

Bresnahan, T., and D. Yao. 1985. The nonpecuniary costs of automobile emissions standards. Rand J. Econ. 16(4):437-455.

Briggs and Stratton. 2003. Extreme California Emissions Proposal Would Cost the Heartland 22000 Manufacturing Jobs. News Releases: September 16th, 2003 [online]. Available: http://www.briggsandstratton.com/display/router.asp?DocID=64034 [accessed Oct. 20, 2005].

Browning, L. 2001. Projected Automotive Fuel Cell Use in California. Consultant Report. P600-01-022F. Prepared for California Energy Commission, by Arthur D. Little Inc., Cupertino, CA. October 2001 [online]. Available: http://www.energy.ca.gov/reports/2002-02-06_600-01-022F. PDF [accessed Jan. 25, 2006].

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×

Burke, A.F., K.S. Kurani, and E.J. Kenney. 2000. Study of the Secondary Benefits of the ZEV Mandate. UCD-ITS-RR-00-7. Prepared for California Air Resources Board, by Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California-Davis. August 2000 [online]. Available: http://its.ucdavis.edu/publications/2000/RR-00-07.pdf [accessed July 14, 2005].


Cackette, T. 1998. The Cost of Emission Controls Motor Vehicles and Fuels: Two Case Studies. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA. Presentation at the 1998 Summer Symposium of the EPA Center on Airborne Organics, July 9-10, Dedham, MA.

Canale, R.P., S.R. Winegarden, C.R. Carlson, and D.L. Miles. 1978. General Motors Phase II Catalyst System. SAE Trans. 87:843-852.

CARB (California Air Resources Board). 1990. Proposed Regulations for Low-Emission Vehicles and Clean Fuels. Technical Support Document. Sacramento, CA: California Environmental Protection Air Resources Board. August 13, 1990.

CARB (California Air Resources Board). 1991. Proposed Regulation for Low-Emission Vehicles and Clean Fuels: Final Statement of Reasons. Sacramento, CA: California Environmental Protection Air Resources Board. July 1991.

CARB (California Air Resources Board). 1994a. Zero-Emission Vehicle Update. Draft Technical Document for the Low-Emission Vehicle and Zero-Emission Vehicle Workshop on March 25, 1994. CARB Mobile Source Division, El Monte, CA. March 2, 1994.

CARB (California Air Resources Board). 1994b. 1994 Low Emission Vehicle and Zero-Emission Vehicle Program Review: Staff Report. Sacramento, CA: California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources Board. April 1994.

CARB (California Air Resources Board). 1994c. The California State Implementation Plan for Ozone. Adopted Nov. 15, 1994. California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources Board [online]. Available: http://www.arb.ca.gov/planning/sip/94sip/94sip.htm [accessed July 14, 2005]

CARB (California Air Resources Board). 1996. Pp. 5-6 in Resolution 96-12, March 28, 1996. Zero Emission Vehicle Program. California Air Resources Board [online]. Available: http://www.arb.ca.gov/regact/zev/zevresol.pdf [accessed July 19, 2005].

CARB (California Air Resources Board). 1998a. Staff Report: Initial Statement of Reasons Proposed Amendments to California Exhaust and Evaporative Emission Standards and Test Procedures for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks and Medium-Duty Vehicles “LEV II” and Proposed Amendments to California Motor Vehicle Certification, Assembly-Line and In-use Test Requirements ” CAP 2000”. Mobile Source Control Division, California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources Board, El Monte, CA

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×

[online]. Available: http://www.arb.ca.gov/regact/levii/LEVii/isor.pdf [accessed July 14, 2005].

CARB (California Air Resources Board). 1998b. Public Hearing to Consider Adaptation of Emission Standards and Test Procedures for New 2001 and Later Model Year Spark-Ignition Marine Engines. Staff Report. California Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA. October 23, 1998 [online]. Available: http://www.arb.ca.gov/regact/marine/marine.htm [accessed August 25, 2005].

CARB (California Air Resources Board). 1999. Final Statement of Reasons. “LEV II” and “CAP 2000” Amendments to California Exhaust and Evaporative Emission Standards and Test Procedures for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks and Medium-Duty Vehicles, and the Evaporative Emission Requirements for Heavy-Duty Vehicles. California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources Board. September 1999 [online]. Available: http://www.arb.ca.gov/regact/levii/to_oal/leviifso.pdf [accessed July 14, 2005].

CARB (California Air Resources Board). 2000a. Staff Report: 2000 Zero Emission Vehicle Program Biennial Review. California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources Board. August 7, 2000 [online]

. Available: http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/zevprog/2000review/staffreportfinal.pdf [accessed July 14, 2005].

CARB (California Air Resources Board). 2000b. Preliminary Draft Staff Report, May 31 Workshop: ZEV 2000 Biennial Review. California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources Board. May 22, 2000 [online]. Available: http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/zevprog/2000review/reportv7.pdf [accessed July 14, 2005].

CARB (California Air Resources Board). 2000c. Resolution 00-29, September 7, 2000. California Air Resources Board [online]. Available: http://www.acpropulsion.com/CARB/Res%2000-29%20Fin3.pdf [accessed July 19, 2005].

CARB (California Air Resources Board). 2000d. Public Workshop to Discuss Issues Related to the Zero Emission Vehicle Regulation. Mail Out #MSC-00-23. California Air Resources Board. October 16, 2000 [online] Available: http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/mailouts/mouts_00.htm [acces-sed July 19, 2005].

CARB (California Air Resources Board). 2000e. A Report to the California Legislature on the Potential Health and Environmental Impacts of Leaf Blowers. Mobile Source Control Division, California Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA. February 2000 [online]. Available: http://www.energy.ca.gov/reports/2002-02-06_600-01-022F.PDF [accessed Jan. 25, 2006].

CARB (California Air Resources Board). 2001a. ARB Staff Review of Report Entitled “Impacts of Alternative ZEV Sales Mandates on California Motor Vehicle Emissions: A Comprehensive Study”. California Air Resources

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×

Board. October 31, 2001 [online]. Available: http://www.arb.ca.gov/regact/zev2001/StaffResp.PDF. [accessed July 28, 2005].

CARB (California Air Resources Board). 2001b. Public Hearing to Consider Amendments Adopting More Stringent Emissions Standards for 2007 and Subsequent Model Year New Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines. Staff Report: Initial Statement of Reasons. California Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA. September 7, 2001 [online]. Available: http://www.arb.ca.gov/regact/hdd2007/isor.pdf. [accessed August 25, 2005].

CARB (California Air Resources Board). 2002. California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2004 and Subsequent Model Heavy-Duty Diesel-Engines and Vehicles. Adopted: December 12, 2002. California Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA [online]. Available: http://www.arb.ca.gov/regact/levhdg02/ftp6.pdf [accessed August 25, 2005].

CARB (California Air Resources Board). 2003a. Ambient Air Quality Standards. California Air Resources Board. July 9, 2003 [online]. Available: http://www.arb.ca.gov/aqs/aaqs2.pdf [accessed May 20, 2005].

CARB (California Air Resources Board). 2003b. ARB Modifies Zero Emission Vehicle Regulation. California Air Resources Board News Release, April 24, 2003 [online]. Available: http://www.arb.ca.gov/newsrel/nr042403.htm [accessed July 19, 2005].

CARB (California Air Resources Board). 2003c. Staff Report: Initial Statement of Reasons. 2003 Proposed Amendments to the California Zero Emission Vehicle Program Regulations. California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources Board. January 10, 2003 [online]. Available: http://www.arb.ca.gov/regact/zev2003/isor.pdf [accessed Jan. 6, 2006].

CARB (California Air Resources Board). 2003d. Initial Statement of Reasons for Proposed Rulemaking Public Hearing to Consider the Adoption of Exhaust and Evaporative Emission Control Requirements for Small Off-Road Equipment and Engines Less Than or Equal to 19 Kilowatts. Staff Report. California Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA. August 8, 2003 [online]. Available: http://www.arb.ca.gov/regact/sore03/isor.pdf [accessed August 25, 2005].

CARB (California Air Resources Board). 2004a. Report of Enforcement Activities for January 1 – December 31, 2003. California Air Resources Board [online]. Available: http://www.arb.ca.gov/enf/reports/03enfrpt.pdf [accessed January 5, 2006].

CARB (California Air Resources Board). 2004b. Final Statement of Reasons: The 2003 Amendments to the California Zero Emission Vehicle Program Regulations. California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources Board. January 2004 [online]. Available: http://www.arb.ca.gov/regact/zev2003/fsor.pdf [accessed July 14, 2005].

CARB (California Air Resources Board). 2004c. Staff Report: Initial Statement of Reasons for Proposed Rulemaking, Public Hearing to Consider

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×

Adoption of Regulations to Control GHG Emissions from Motor Vehicles. California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources Board [online]. Available: http://www.arb.ca.gov/regact/hrnhsgas/isor.pdf [accessed July 14, 2005].

CARB (California Air Resources Board). 2004d. Report to the Legislature and the Governor on Regulations to Control GHG Emissions from Motor Vehicles. California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources Board. December 2004 [online]. Available: http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/reports/ab1493_legreport.pdf [accessed July 14, 2005].

CARB (California Air Resources Board). 2004e. Updates to the Off-Road Emissions Model [online]. Available: http://www.arb.ca.gov/msei/offroad/updates.htm [accessed August 30, 2005].

CARB (California Air Resources Board). 2004f. Updated Informative Digest. Adaptation of Exhaust and Evaporative Emission Control Requirements for Small Off-Road Engines Less Than or Equal to 19 Kilowatts and Equipment That Use Such Engines. California Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA. August 10, 2004 [online]. Available: http://arb.ca.gov/regact/sore03/uip.pdf [accessed August 26, 2005].

CARB (California Air Resources Board). 2004g. Public Hearing to Consider the Adaptation of Exhaust and Evaporative Emission Control Requirements for Small Off-Road Equipment and Engines Less Than or Equal to 19 Kilowatts. “Revised” Final Statement of Reasons. California Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA August 2004 [online]. Available: http://arb.ca.gov/regact/sore03/rfsor.pdf [accessed August 26, 2005].

CARB (California Air Resources Board). 2004h. The Carl Moyer Program Annual Status Report: The Carl Moyer Memorial Air Quality Standards Attainment Program: Incentives for Lower-Emission Heavy-Duty Engines. California Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA. February 2004 [online]. Available: http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/moyer/moyer_2004_report.pdf [accessed July 20, 2005].

CARB (California Air Resources Board). 2005a. Air Quality Data Statistics. Aerometric Data Analysis and Management System, California Air Resources Board [online]. Available: http://www.arb.ca.gov/adam/welcome.html [accessed May 20, 2005].

CARB (California Air Resources Board). 2005b. Emission Data. Emission Inventory, California Air Resources Board [online]. Available: http://www.arb.ca.gov/ei/emissiondata.htm [accessed Feb. 2005].

CARB (California Air Resources Board). 2005c. The California Almanac of Emissions and Air Quality – 2005 Edition. Planning and Technical Support Division, California Air Resources Board [online]. Available: http://www.arb.ca.gov/aqd/almanac/almanac05/almanac05.htm [accessed May 16, 2005].

CARB (California Air Resources Board). 2005d. Updated Informative Digest. Amendments to Adopt More Stringent Emission Standards for 2007 and

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×

Subsequent Model Year New Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines. California Air Resources Board [online]. Available: http://www.arb.ca.gov/regact/hdde2007/uid.pdf [accessed July 29, 2005].

CARB (California Air Resources Board). 2005e. Response to Testimony Presented at the Committee’s Fourth Meeting in Boston. Letter to John Holmes, National Research Council, Washington, DC, from Tom Cackette, Chief Deputy Executive Officer, Air Resources Board, California Environmental Protection Agency, Sacramento, CA. April 28, 2005.

CARB (California Air Resources Board). 2005f. Final Statement of Reasons: Regulations to Control Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Motor Vehicles. California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources Board. August 4, 2005 [online]. Available: http://www.arb.ca.gov/regact/grnhsgas/fsor.pdf [accessed Jan. 24, 2006].

CARB (California Air Resources Board). 2005g. Small Off-Road Engines and Equipment [online]. Available: http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/offroad/sore/sore.htm [accessed August 26, 2005].

CARB (California Air Resources Board). 2006a. Cleaner Gas Cars. A Zero & Near Zero Emission Vehicle Guide. California Air Resources Board [online]. Available: http://www.driveclean.ca.gov/en/gv/driveclean/vtype_cleaner.asp [accessed Jan. 27, 2006].

CARB (California Air Resources Board). 2006b. Incentives. A Zero & Near Zero Emission Vehicle Guide. California Air Resources Board [online]. Available: http://www.driveclean.ca.gov/en/gv/incentives/index.asp [accessed Jan. 27, 2006].

CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). 1997. Outdoor Carbon Monoxide Attributed to Tractor Exhaust-Kentucky, 1997. MMWR 46(51):1224-1227 [online]. Available: http://www.cdc.gov/Publications/mmwr/wk/mm4651.pdf [accessed May 23, 2005].

CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). 2004. Carbon Monoxide Poisonings Resulting from Open Air Exposures to Operating Motorboats-Lake Havasu City, Arizona, 2003. MMWR 53(15):314-318 [online]. Available: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5315a3.htm [accessed May 23, 2005].

CFE (Connecticut Fund for the Environment). 2003. The Drive for Cleaner Air in Connecticut: The Benefits of Adopting the California Low-Emission Vehicle Standard for Cars and Light Duty Trucks. Connecticut Fund for the Environment, New Haven, CT [online]. Available: http://www.cfenv.org/air/cars/Drive-for-Cleaner-Air-report.pdf [accessed July 21, 2005].

Chameides, W., D. Greenbaum, R. Wassel, K.J. Holmes, A. Staudt, and K. Gustavson. 2005. Air quality management in the United States. EM(July):22-29.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×

Chan, L.M., A. Pollack, C. Lindhjem, P. Chandraker, S. Rao, and C. Tran. 2005. On-Road and Non-Road Emission Reductions from TERP in 2007 and 2010 in the Houston, Galveston, and Dallas Fort-Worth Areas. Final report. Prepared for Houston Advanced Research Center, The Woodlands, TX, by ENVIRON, Novato, CA [online]. Available: http://files.harc.edu/harc/Projects/AirQuality/Projects/H042.T1/H42FinalReport.pdf [accessed Oct. 20, 2005].

Chinkin, L.R., D.L. Coe, T.H. Funk, H.R. Hafner, P.T. Roberts, P.A. Ryan, and D.R. Lawson. 2003. Weekday versus weekend activity patterns for ozone precursor emissions in California’s South Coast Air Basin. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 53(7):829-843.

Clean Air Report. 2004. Industry Blasts State Diesel Efforts, Says Federal Rule Delay Possible. Inside EPA Clean Air Report 15(21):14-15.

Clean Air Trust. 2003. Trucking Company Execs Named Clean Air “Villains” of the Month. Clean Air Villains. June 2003 [online]. Available: http://www.cleanairtrust.org/villain.0603.html [accessed August 26, 2005].

Cobb, N., and R.A. Etzel. 1991. Unintentional carbon monoxide-related deaths in the United States, 1979 through 1988. JAMA. 266(5):659-663.

Coulter-Burke, S., D. Calkins, and G. Yarwood. 2002. Analysis of Emission Reduction Control Measures for Attaining the 8-Hour Ozone NAAQS in the Tyler/Longview/Marshall Near Nonattainment Area. Draft Final Report. Prepared for East Texas Council of Governments, Kilgore, TX, By ENVIRON International Corporation, Novato, CA. September 9, 2002 [online]. Available: http://www.tceq.state.tx.us/assets/public/implementation/air/sip/sipdocs/2004-06-NET/04077sipapg_pro.pdf [accessed Jan. 21, 2006].

Crandall, R.W., H.K. Gruenspecht, T.E. Keeler, and L.B. Lave. 1986. Regulating the Automobile. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution.

Croes, B.E., L.J. Dolislager, L.C. Larsen, and J.N. Pitts. 2003. The O3 “weekend effect” and NOx control strategies: Scientific and public health findings and their regulatory implications. EM (July):27-37.

CT DEP (Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection). 2004. Hearing Report Regarding Regulations of the Abatement of Air Pollution: Proposed Adoption of Section 22a-174-36b and Proposed Amendment of Section 22a-174-36(i) of the Regulations of Connecticut State Agencies. May 7, 2004 [online]. Available: http://dep.state.ct.us/air2/regs/callev.pdf [accessed July 14, 2005].

Currie, D.P. 1970. Motor vehicle air pollution: State authority and federal preemption. Mich. L. Rev. 68:1083, 1089.


Dana, G. 2004. Presentation at the First Meeting on State Practices in Setting Mobile Source Emissions Standards, June 28th, 2004, Washington, DC.

Davis, S.C., and S.W. Diegel. 2004. Transportation Energy Data Book: Edition 24. ORNL-6973. Prepared by Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge,

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×

TN, for Office of Planning, Budget Formulation and Analysis, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, U.S. Department of Energy [online]. Available: http://cta.ornl.gov/data/download24.shtml [accessed May 16, 2005].

Devlin, R.B., A.J. Ghio, H. Kehrl, G. Sanders, and W. Cascio. 2003. Elderly humans exposed to concentrated air pollution particles have decreased heart rate variability. Eur. Respir. J. 40(suppl.):76s-80s.

Dixon, L., I. Porche, and J. Kulick. 2002. Driving Emissions to Zero: Are the Benefits of California’s Zero Emission Vehicle Program Worth the Costs? MR-1578-RC/S&T. Santa Monica, CA: RAND [online]. Available: http://www.rand.org/publications/MR/MR1578/ [accessed July 21, 2005].

Dockery, D.W., C.A. Pope, III, X. Xu, J.D. Spengler, J.H. Ware, M.E. Fay, B.G. Ferris, Jr., and F.E. Speizer. 1993. An association between air pollution and mortality in six U.S. cities. N. Engl. J. Med. 329(24):1753-1759.

Dost, F. N. 2003. Toxicology and potential Health Risk of Chemicals that May be Encountered by Workers Using Forest Vegetation Management Options, Part 1: Risk to Workers Associated with Exposure to Emissions from Power Saws. Title No. 3. Forest Practices Branch, BC Ministry of Forests [online]. Available: http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hfp/publications/00012/3-Dost-PowersawEmissions.pdf [accessed Jan. 25, 2006].

Dumanoski, D. 1991. Mass. charges Conn. hurting antismog plan. Boston Globe, Nov. 13, 1991, P. 29.

Dumanoski, D. 1992. Emissions law hit by oil, auto lobbyists. Boston Globe, March 17, 1992, P.20.

Durbin, D.A. 2005. Hybrid Car Sales Soar in U.S. in 2004. Associated Press, April 25, 2005 [online]. Available: http://www.commondreams.org/headlines05/0425-03.htm [accessed July 12, 2005].


Ehlmann, J., and G. Wolff. 2005. Automobile emissions: The road toward zero. EM (Jan.): 33-37.

EMA (Engine Manufacturers Association). 2004. Supreme Court Ruling-EMA vs. SCAQMD. Engine Manufacturers Association [online]. Available: http://www.enginemanufacturers.org/news/whatsnew.asp [accessed Oct. 13, 2005].

ENVIRON. 2000. Evaluation of Attainment Control Strategies for the Dallas-Fort Worth State Implementation Plan. Final Report. Prepared for North Central Texas Council of Governments, Arlington, TX, by ENVIRON International Corp, E.H. Pechan & Associates, Springfield and Earth Matters, Jerome, AZ. October 2000.

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1991. Nonroad Vehicle and Engine Emissions Study-Report. EPA460/3-91-02. Office of Air and Radiation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. November 1991 [online]. Available: http://www.epa.gov/nonroad/nrstudy.pdf [accessed August 26, 2005].

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1995. EPA, California Air Resources Board, and Manufacturers of Heavy-Duty Engines Sign "Statement of Principles". Environmental Fact Sheet. EPA420-F-95-010a. Office of Air and Radiation, Office of Mobile Sources, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. July 1995 [online]. Available: http://www.epa.gov/otaq/regs/hd-hwy/noxsop2.txt [accessed August 26, 2005].

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1996a. Regulatory Impact Analysis: Control of Air Pollution Emission Standards for New Nonroad Spark-Ignition Marine Engines. ANR-443. Office of Mobile Sources, Office of Air and Radiation, U.S. Environmental protection Agency, Washington, DC. June 1996 [online]. Available: http://www.epa.gov/otaq/regs/nonroad/marine/marnfria.pdf [accessed August 29, 2005].

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1996b. Statement of Principles for the Regulation of Exhaust Emissions from Handheld Spark-Ignited Engines at or Below 19 Kilowatts. Office of Transportation and Air Quality, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. May 9, 1996 [online]. Available: http://www.epa.gov/otaq/regs/nonroad/equip-ld/hhsop.txt. [accessed August 26, 2005].

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1996c. Small Nonhandheld Spark-Ignited Nonroad Engine Statement of Principles. Office of Transportation and Air Quality, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. December 1996 [online]. Available: http://www.epa.gov/otaq/regs/nonroad/equip-ld/nhh-sop.pdf [accessed August 26, 2005].

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1997. Benefits and Costs of the Clean Air Act, 1970 to 1990. Final Report to U.S. Congress. EPA 410/R-97-002. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC [online]. Available: http://www.epa.gov/oar/sect812/contsetc.pdf [accessed Jan. 20, 2006].

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1998. Tier 2 Report to Congress. EPA420-R-98-008. Office of Air and Radiation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [online]. Available: http://www.epa.gov/oms/tr2study.htm#Documents [accessed July 20, 2005].

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1999a. Regulatory Impact Analysis: Control of Air Pollution from New Motor Vehicles: Tier 2 Motor Vehicle Emissions Standards and Gasoline Sulfur Control Requirements. EPA-420/D-99-001. Office of Air and Radiation and Office of Mobile Sources. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, MI [online]. Available: http://www.epa.gov/otaq/regs/ld-hwy/tier-2/frm/ria/r99023.pdf [accessed July 25, 2005].

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1999b. Final Tier 2 Rule: Air Quality Estimation, Selected Health and Welfare Benefits Methods, and Benefit Analysis Results. EPA420-R-99-032. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×

Triangle Park, NC. December 1999 [online]. Available: http://www.epa.gov/otaq/regs/ld-hwy/tier-2/frm/tsd/r99032.pdf [accessed Jan. 27, 2006].

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1999c. Final Regulatory Impact Analysis Phase 2: Emission Standards for New Nonroad Nonhandheld Spark-Ignition Engines At or Below 19 Kilowatts. EPA420-R-99-003. Office of Air and Radiation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. March 1999[online]. Available: http://www.epa.gov/otaq/regs/nonroad/equip-ld/ph2frm/r99003.pdf [accessed August 26, 2005].

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2000a. Draft Technical Support Document: Control of Emissions of Hazardous Air Pollutants from Motor Vehicles and Motor Vehicle Fuels. EPA-420/D-00-003. Assessment and Standards Division, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [online]. Available: http://www.epa.gov/otaq/regs/toxics/d00003.pdf [accessed Jan. 20, 2006].

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2000b. Guidelines for Preparing Economic Analysis. EPA240-R-00-003. National Center for Environmental Economics, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [online]. Available: http://yosemite.epa.gov/ee/epa/eed.nsf/webpages/Guidelines.html [accessed January 6, 2006].

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2000c. Regulatory Impact Analysis: Heavy-Duty Engine and Vehicle Standards and Highway Diesel Fuel Sulfur Control Requirements. EPA420-R-00-026. Office of Air and Radiation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. December 2000 [online]. Available: http://www.epa.gov/oms/diesel.htm [accessed August 29, 2005].

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2000d. Final Regulatory Impact Analysis Phase 2 Final Rule: Emission Standards for New Nonroad Handheld Spark-Ignition Engines At or Below 19 Kilowatts. EPA420-R-00-004. Office of Transportation and Air Quality, Office of Air and Radiation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. March 2000 [online]. Available: http://www.epa.gov/otaq/regs/nonroad/equip-ld/hhsfrm/r00004.pdf [accessed August 29, 2005].

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2001a. Response to API’s Request for Reconsideration of the Phase 2 Final Rule (Heavy-Duty Engines and Trucks). Letter to Red Cavaney, President and CEO, American Petroleum Institute, Washington, DC, from Christine Todd Whitman, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. August 28, 2001 [online]. Available: http://www.epa.gov/otaq/regs/hd2007/frm/apirecon.pdf [accessed August 29, 2005].

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2001b. Response to American Trucking Associations’ Request for Reconsideration of the Phase 2 Final Rule (Heavy-Duty Engines and Trucks). Letter to Thomas Richichi, Beveridge & Diamond, PC, Washington, DC, from Christine Todd

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×

Whitman, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. August 28, 2001 [online]. Available: http://www.epa.gov/otaq/regs/hd2007/frm/atarecon.pdf [accessed August 29, 2005].

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2001c. Response to Mack Trucks’/Volvo Powertrain’s Request for Reconsideration of the Phase 2 Final Rule (Heavy-Duty Engines and Trucks). Letter to Julie Domike, Wallace, King, Marraro & Branson, PLLC, Washington, DC, from Christine Todd Whitman, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. August 28, 2001 [online]. Available: http://www.epa.gov/otaq/regs/hd2007/frm/mack.pdf [accessed August 29, 2005].

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2002a. 1,3-Butadiene (CASRN 106-99-0). Integrated Risk Information System, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [online]. Available: http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0139.htm [accessed May 23, 2005].

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2002b. Highway Diesel Progress Review. EPA420-R-02-016. Office of Transportation and Air Quality, Office of Air and Radiation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. June 2002 [online]. Available: http://www.epa.gov/otaq/regs/hd2007/420r02016.pdf [accessed August 29, 2005].

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2003a. National Air Quality and Emissions Trends Report, 2003 Special Studies Edition. EPA 454/R-03-005. Air Quality Trends Analysis Group, Emissions Monitoring and Analysis Division, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. September 2003 [online]. Available: http://www.epa.gov/air/airtrends/aqtrnd03/ [accessed May 20, 2005].

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2003b. User’s Guide to MOBILE 6.1 and 6.2 – Mobile Source Emissions Factor Model. EPA420-R-03-010. Office of Air and Radiation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. August 2003 [online]. Available: http://www.epa.gov/otaq/models/mobile6/420r03010.pdf [accessed May 20, 2005].

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2003c. Diesel Engine Exhaust (CASRN N.A.). Integrated Risk Information System, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [online]. Available: http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0642.htm [accessed May 24, 2005].

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2003d. Notice of a Settlement Agreement with the Engine Manufacturers Association to Propose a Manufacturer-Run, In-Use Emissions Testing Program for Heavy-Duty Diesel Trucks and To Provide Engine Certification Guidance. EPA420-F-03-019. Office of Transportation and Air Quality, Office of Air and Radiation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. June 2003 [online].

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×

Available: http://www.epa.gov/otaq/regs/hd-hwy/ncp/f03019.pdf [accessed August 29, 2005].

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2004a. AirData: Generating Reports and Maps. Office of Air and Radiation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [online]. Available: http://www.epa.gov/air/data/geosel.html [accessed May 20, 2005].

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2004b. The Particle Pollution Report: Current Understanding of Air Quality and Emissions through 2003. EPA454-R-04-002. Office of Air and Radiation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [online]. Available: http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/pm.html [accessed Jan. 20, 2006].

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2004c. Nonroad Engine Population Estimates. EPA420-P-04-006. Office of Air and Radiation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [online]. Available: http://www.epa.gov/otaq/models/nonrdmdl/nonrdmdl2004/420p04006.pdf [accessed May 20, 2005].

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2004d. Nitrogen Dioxide. Air Trends. Office of Air and Radiation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [online]. Available: http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/nitrogen.html [accessed May 23, 2005].

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2004e. Final Regulatory Analysis: Control of Emissions from Nonroad Diesel Engines. EPA420-R-04-007. Office of Transportation and Air Quality, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [online]. Available: http://www.epa.gov/nonroaddiesel/2004fr.htm#ria [accessed May 23, 2005].

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2004f. EPA Office of Transportation and Air Quality, Comments on NESCAUM White Paper, March 25, 2004. Letter to Kenneth A. Colburn, Executive Director, NESCAUM, Boston, MA, from Chester France, Director, Assessment and Standards Division, National Vehicle and Fuel Emission Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, MI. March 26, 2004.

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2004g. Highway Diesel Progress Review Report 2. EPA420-R-04-004. Office of Transportation and Air Quality, Office of Air and Radiation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. March 2004 [online]. Available: http://www.epa.gov/otaq/regs/hd2007/420r04004.pdf [accessed August 29, 2005].

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2005a. Nonattainment Area Map. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [online]. Available: http://www.epa.gov/oar/oaqps/greenbk/mapnpoll.html [accessed Oct. 20, 2005].

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2005b. Particulate Matter Nonattainment Area Map. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Office of Air and Radiation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×

[online]. Available: http://www.epa.gov/oar/oaqps/greenbk/mappm25o3.html [accessed Nov 9, 2005].

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2005c. 1970-2002 Average Annual Emission, All Criteria Pollutants, January 2005. Air Pollutant Emission Trends Data and Estimation Procedures, Clearinghouse for Inventories & Emission Factors, Technology Transfer Network, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [online]. Available: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/trends/index.html#tables [accessed May 24, 2005].

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2005d. MOVES (Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator). Office of Transportation and Air Quality, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [online]. Available: http://www.epa.gov/otaq/ngm.htm [accessed July 18, 2005].

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2005e. Benzene. Air Toxics Website, Technology Transfer Network, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [online]. Available: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/hlthef/benzene.html [accessed May 23, 2005].

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2005f. FY 2005 Annual Performance Plan. Budget Documents. Office of Chief Financial Officer, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [online]. Available: http://www.epa.gov/ocfopage/budget/2005/2005ap/2005ap.htm [accessed Oct. 14, 2005].

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2006. NONROAD Model (Nonroad Engines, Equipment, and Vehicles). Office of Transportation and Air Quality, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [online]. Available: http://www.epa.gov/oms/nonrdmdl.htm [accessed Jan. 15, 2006].


Faiz, A., C.S. Weaver, and M.P. Walsh. 1996. Air Pollution from Motor Vehicles: Standards and Technologies for Controlling Emissions. Washington, DC: World Bank.

FHWA (Federal Highway Administration). 2005. Highway Statistics 2003. Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation [online]. Available: http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policy/ohim/hs03/index.htm [accessed May 18, 2005].

Finlayson-Pitts, B.J., and J.N. Pitts. 1999. Chemistry of the Upper and Lower Atmosphere: Theory, Experiments, and Applications. San Diego: Academic Press.

Fletcher, G. 2004. A Taste of the engines to come: New Chrysler motors more powerful, efficient, while costing less. National Post, Dec. 31, 2004, DT:13.

Frampton, M.W., W. Zareba, C.C. Daigle, G. Oberdörster, and M.J. Utell. 2002. Inhalation of ultrafine particles alters myocardial repolarization in humans [abstract]. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 165:B16.

France, C. 2005. EPA’s Process for Developing Mobile Source Emissions Standards Regulations. Presentation at the Third Meeting on State

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×

Practices in Setting Mobile Source Emissions Standards, January 19, 2005, Dearborn, MI.

French, T. 2004. The Critical Role of Federal Preemption. Presentation by Engine Manufacturers Association at the Second Meeting on State Practices in Setting Mobile Source Emissions Standards, October 4, 2004, Irvine, CA.

Fujita, E.M., B.E. Croes, C.L. Bennett, D.R. Lawson, F.W. Lurmann, H.H. Main. 1992. Comparison of emission inventory and ambient concentration ratios of CO, NMOG, and NOx in California’s South Coast Air Basin. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 42(3):264-276.

Fujita, E.M., J.G. Watson, J.C. Chow, N.F. Robinson, L.W. Richards, and N. Kumar. 1998. Northern Front Range Air Quality Study, Volume C: Source Apportionment and Simulation Methods and Evaluation. Final Report. Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.

Fujita, E.M., W.R. Stockwell, D.E. Campbell, R.E. Keislar, and D.R. Lawson. 2003. Evolution of the magnitude and spatial extent of the weekend ozone effect in California’s South Coast Air Basin, 1981-2000. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 53(7):802-815.


GAO (Government Accountability Office). 2004. EPA Could Take Additional Steps to Help Maximize Benefits form the 2007 Diesel Emissions Standards. GAO 04-313. Washington, DC: GAO. March 2004 [online]. Available: http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d04313.pdf [accessed August 29, 2005].

Gerard, D., and L.B. Lave. 2002. Technology-Forcing Automobile Emissions Provisions of the 1970 Clean Air Act: Forcing Invention or Innovation? Presentation at the Center for Integrated Study of the Human Dimensions of Global Change, November 6, 2002, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA.

Gerard, D. and L.B. Lave. 2005. Implementing technology-forcing policies: The 1970 Clean Air Act Amendments and the introduction of advanced automotive emissions controls in the United States. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change 72(7):761-778.

Ghio, A.J., C. Kim, and R.B. Devlin. 2000. Concentrated ambient air particles induce mild pulmonary inflammation healthy human volunteers. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 162(3Pt.1):981-988.

Gillies, J.A., and A.W. Gertler. 2000. Comparison and evaluation of chemically speciated mobile source PM2.5 particulate matter profiles. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 50(8):1459-1480.

GM (General Motors Corporation). 2005. EV1: Lessons Learned. Hybrids, EV1 Program [online]. Available: http://www.gm.com/company/gmability/adv_tech/300_hybrids/hyb_ev1.html [accessed July 19, 2005].

Goodstein, E., and H. Hodges. 1997. Behind the numbers: Polluted data. The American Prospect 35:64-69.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×

Grimm, R.A., R.J. Bremer, and S.P. Stonestreet. 1980. GM Micro-Computer Engine Control System. SAE 800053. Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, PA.

Gruenspecht, H. 2002. Regulatory Tailoring, Reliability, and Price Volatility with Stochastic Breakdowns. RFF Discussion Paper 02-37. Resources for the Future, Washington, DC. September [online]. Available: http://www.rff.org/Documents/RFF-DP-02-37.pdf [accessed July 28, 2005].

Guerry, W.M. 2004. State Practices in Setting Mobile Source Emission Standards. Presentation by OPEI (Outdoor Power Equipment Research Institute) at the First Meeting on State Practices in Setting Mobile Source Emissions Standards, June 28th, 2004, Washington DC.

Gumbleton, J.J., and L.L. Bowler. 1982. General Motors’ Computer Command Control-System Development. SAE 820901. Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, PA.

Guzy, G.S., and R. Perciasepe. 1999. Opinion on Issues Raised by AAMA v. Massachusetts Dep. Letter to Thomas F. Reilly, Attorney General, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, from Gary S. Guzy,

General Counsel, and Robert Perciasepe, Assistant Administrator, Office of Air and Radiation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Sept. 15, 1999.


Haagen-Smith, A.J., and M.M. Fox. 1954. Photochemical ozone formation with hydrocarbons and automobile exhaust. J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc. 4:105-109.

Hanz, P., and P. Hotz. 2005. Manufacturer's Perspective on State Standards in a Global Marketplace. Presentation by Briggs and Stratton at the Fourth Meeting on State Practices in Setting Mobile Source Emissions Standards, April 13-15, 2005, Boston, MA.

Harrington, W., V. McConnell, and M. Walls. 1996. Who’s in the Driver’s Seat? Mobile Source Policy in the Federal System. Discussion Paper 96-34. Resources for the Future, Washington, DC. September 1996 [online]. Available: http://www.rff.org/Documents/RFF-DP-96-34.pdf [accessed July 28, 2005].

Harrington, W., R.D. Morgenstern, and P. Nelson. 2000. On the accuracy of regulatory cost estimates. J. Policy Anal. Manage. 19(2):297-322.

Heck, R.M., and R.J. Farrauto. 2001. Automobile exhaust catalyst. Appl. Catal. A 221(ER 1-2):443-457.

HEI (Health Effects Institute). 2002. Research Directions to Improve Estimates of Human Exposure and Risk from Diesel Exhaust: A Special Report of the Institute’s Diesel Epidemiology Working Group. Health Effects Institute. April 2002 [online]. Available: http://www.healtheffects.org/Pubs/DieselSpecialReport02.pdf [accessed May 18, 2005].

Heilprin, J. 2004. Trucking Industry Won’t Fight Diesel. AP, November 17, 2004.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×

Heuss, J.M., D.F. Kahlbaum, and G.T. Wolff. 2003. Weekday/weekend ozone differences: What can we learn from them? J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 53(7):772-788.

Heywood, J.B. 1988. Pp. 567-667 in Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Hira, R., and H. Goldstein. 2005. Automakers top the list, drug companies trim back, and telecoms continue to gut their research budgets. R & D 100. IEEE Spectrum December 2005 [online]. Available: http://www.spectrum.ieee.org/dec05/2395 [accessed Jan. 25, 2006].

Holmes, K.J., and A.G. Russell. 2004. Why carbon monoxide still matters. Environ. Sci. Technol. 38(15):288A-294A.


IARC (International Association of Cancer Research). 1973. Benzo(a)Pyrene. Pp. 91-137 in Certain Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Heterocyclic Compounds. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks of the Chemical to Man Vol. 3. Lyon, France: World Health Organization.

IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer). 1989. Diesel and gasoline engine exhausts. Pp. 41-185 in Diesel and Gasoline Engine Exhausts and Some Nitroarenes. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans Vol. 46. Lyon, France: World Health Organization [online]. Available: http://monographs.iarc.fr/htdocs/indexes/vol46index. html [accessed May 19, 2005].

Ingalls, M.N. 1989. On-road Vehicle Emission Factors from Measurements in a Los Angeles Area Tunnel. Paper 89-1373. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of Air and Waste Management Association, Anaheim, CA.


Johnson, J.H, ed. 2002a. Diesel Particulate Emissions: Landmark Research, 1994-2001. PT-86. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers.

Johnson, J.H, ed. 2002b. Diesel Nitrogen Oxide Emissions: Landmark Research 1995-2001. PT-89. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers.

Johnson, J.H. 2005a. Emission Control and Fuel Economy for Port and Direct Injected SI Engines. PT-91. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers.

Johnson, J.H. 2005b. Combustion and Emission Control for SI Engines: Modeling and Experimental Studies. PT-121. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers.

Jolish, T.L. 1999. Negotiating the smog away. VA Environ. Law J. 18(3):305-373.

Jorgensen, R. 2005. Perspective of Cummins on California Emission Standards. Presentation by Cummins Engine Company at the Third Meeting on State Practices in Setting Mobile Source Emissions Standards, January 19, 2005, Dearborn, MI.


Kalhammer, F., A. Kozawa, C.B. Moyer, and B.B. Owen. 1995. Performance and Availability of Batteries for Electric Vehicles: A Report of the Battery

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×

Technical Advisory Panel. Prepared for the California Air Resources Board, El Monte, CA. December 11, 1995.


Kim, T., W. J. Lee, J.S. Yoon, and C. K. Park. 2001. An exploratory study of THC emission reduction technologies compliant with SULEV regulations. Int. J. Automot. Technol. 2(2):63-75 [online]. Available: http://society.kisti.re.kr/~Eksae/_notes/data/pdf/v2n2_4.pdf [accessed Jan. 25, 2006].

Krier, J.E., and E. Ursin. 1977. Pollution and Policy: A Case Essay on California and Federal Experience with Motor Vehicle Air Pollution, 1940-1975. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Kyocera. 2006. Oxygen Sensor Heaters. Environment-Friendly Technology [online]. Available: http://global.kyocera.com/application/automotive/product/compo/oxygen.html [accessed July 11, 2005].


Lawson, D.R. 1993. Passing the test – Human behavior and California’s Smog Check Program. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 43(12):1567-1575.

Lawson, D.R. 2003. The weekend ozone effect – The Weekly Ambient Emissions Control Experiment. EM (July):17-26.

Lents, J., K. Barnes, and N. Nikkila. 2000. The regulation of automobile emission: A case study. Chapter II in Environmental Regulation and Technology Innovation: Controlling Mercury Emissions from Coal-Fired Boilers, M. Tatsutani, and P. Amar, eds. Boston: Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management [online]. Available: http://www.nescaum.org/airtopics/mercury.html [accessed July 12, 2005].

Levin, R.L. 1995. Direct final rulemaking. Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 64: 1-34.

Lloyd, A.C., and T.A. Cackette. 2001. Diesel engines: Environmental impact and control. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 51(6):809-847.

Los Angeles Times. 1947. ‘Times’ Expert Offers Smog Plan. Los Angeles Times, Final Ed., Jan. 19, 1947.


MACTEC. 2005. Midwest Regional Planning Organization (RPO), Identification and Evaluation of Candidate Control Measures.” Prepared for The Lake Michigan Air Directors Consortium, by MASTEC Federal Programs/MASTEC Engineering and Consulting, Inc. April 14, 2005 [online]. Available: http://www.ladco.org/reports/rpo/MWRPOprojects/Strategies/Final%20Control%20Measures.pdf [accessed Jan. 21, 2006].

MA DEP (Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection). 1999. Background Document and Technical Support for: Public Hearings on the Proposed Amendments to the State Implementation Plan for Ozone; and Public Hearing and Finding under the Massachusetts Low Emission Vehicle Statute. 310 CMR 7.40: The Massachusetts Low Emission Vehicle Program. Bureau of Waste Prevention, Division of Consumer and Transportation Programs, Department of Environmental Protection, Executive Office of Environmental Affairs, State of Massachusetts. October 1999.

MA DEP (Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection). 2002. Technical Support Document for Public Hearings on Proposed Revisions

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×

to the Massachusetts State Implementation Plan for Ozone, Amendments to the: Reasonable Further Progress Plan for Eastern Massachusetts and Statewide Projected Inventory for Nitrogen Oxides in 2007. Bureau of Waste Prevention, Division of Planning and Evaluation, Department of Environmental Protection, Executive Office of Environmental Affairs, Commonwealth of Massachusetts. January 2002 [online]. Available: http://www.mass.gov/dep/bwp/daqc/daqcpubs.htm [accessed June 3, 2005].

Manson, C.J., M.B. Nelson, and J.E. Neumann. 2002. Assessing the Impact of Progress and Learning Curves on Clean Air Act Compliance Costs. Industrial Economics, Incorporated, Cambridge, MA. July 12, 2002.

Mark, J. 1999. Greener SUVs: A Blueprint for Cleaner, More Efficient Light Trucks. Union of Concerned Scientists. July 1999 [online]. Available: http://www.ucsusa.org/publications/ [accessed Jan. 25, 2006].

Marr, L.C., G.C. Morrison, W.W. Nazaroff, and R.A. Harley. 1998. Reducing the risk of accidental death due to vehicle-related carbon monoxide poisoning. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 48(10):899-906.

Maxcy, G., and A. Silberston. 1959. The Motor Industry. London: Allen & Unwin.

McCarthy, G. 2005. States Perspectives on Adaptation of California Emissions Standards. Testimony of Gina McCarthy, Commissioner, Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection at the Fourth Meeting on State Practices in Setting Mobile Source Emissions Standards, April 15th, 2005, Boston, MA.

McKinnon, D.L., C.C. Webb, P.A. Weber, and B.B. Bykowski. 1999. Using Advanced Emission Control Systems to Demonstrate LEV II ULEV on Light-Duty Gasoline Engines. SAE Technical Papers 1999-01-0774. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers.

MECA (Manufacturers of Emissions Controls Association). 1997. Emissions Control of Diesel-Fueled Vehicles. Manufacturers of Emissions Controls Association, Washington, DC. March 1997 [online]. Available: http://meca.org/jahia/Jahia/cache/offonce/pid/229;jsessionid=507563C2B58931D5F172918265E828D8 [accessed July 11, 2005].

MECA (Manufacturers of Emissions Control Equipment). 1998. The Impact of Gasoline Sulfur on Catalytic Emission Control Systems. Manufacturers of Emissions Control Equipment, Washington, DC. September 1998 [online]. Available: http://meca.org/jahia/Jahia/cache/offonce/pid/229;jsessionid=507563C2B58931D5F172918265E828D8 [accessed July 11, 2005].

MECA (Manufacturers of Emissions Control Equipment). 2003. Tier 2/LEV II Emission Control Technologies For Light-Duty Gasoline Vehicles. Manufacturers of Emissions Control Equipment, Washington, DC [online]. Available: http://www.meca.org/galleries/default-file/Tier2813final_a.pdf. [accessed July 11, 2005].

ME DEP (Maine Department of Environmental Protection). 2004. Provisional Adaptation of Proposed Amendments to Chapter 127, New Motor Vehicle

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×

Emission Standards Regulation (Zero Emission Vehicle Program). Memorandum to Board of Environmental Protection from Ronald Severance, Bureau of Air Quality, Maine Department of Environmental Protection, Augusta, ME. December 2, 2004 [online]. Available: http://www.state.me.us/dep/air/regulations/127zevadartmem.doc [accessed July 21, 2005].

Metzger, K.B., P.E. Tolbert, M. Klein, J.L. Peel, W.D. Flanders, K. Todd, J.A. Mulholland, P.B. Ryan, and H. Frumkin. 2004. Ambient air pollution and cardiovascular emergency department visits. Epidemiology 15(1):46-56.

Mondt, J.R. 2000. Clean Cars: The History and Technology of Emission Control Since the 1960s. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers.

Morris, R.D., E.N. Naumova, and R.L. Munasinghe. 1995. Ambient air pollution and hospitalization for congestive heart failure among elderly people in seven large US cities. Am. J. Public Health 85(10):1361-1365.

Mott, J.A., M.I. Wolfe, C.J. Alverson, S.C. MacDonald, C.R. Bailey, L.B. Ball, J.E. Moorman, J.H. Somers, D.M. Mannimo, and S.C. Redd. 2002. National vehicle emissions policies and practices and declining US carbon monoxide-related mortality. JAMA 288(8):988-995.

Muskie, E.S. 1990. NEPA to CERCLA The Clean Air Act: A commitment to public health. Environ. Forum 7(1):13-17 [online]. Available: http://www.cleanairtrust.org/nepa2cercla.html [accessed July 11, 2005].

MWCG (Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments). 2003. Plan to Improve Air Quality in the Washington, DC-MD-VA Region. State Implementation Plan (SIP) “ Severe Area SIP”. Prepared by Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments for the District of Columbia Department of Health, Maryland Department of the Environment and the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality. December 17, 2003 [online]. Available: http://textonly.mde.state.md.us/assets/document/CompleteSIP_Dec17.pdf [accessed June 3, 2005].


NARSTO. 2000. An Assessment of Tropospheric Ozone Pollution—A North American Perspective. Palo Alto, CA: EPRI.

NARSTO. 2004. Particulate Matter Assessment for Policy Makers: A NARSTO Assessment, P. McMurry, M. Shepherd, and J. Vickery, eds. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

NCAPC (U.S. National Center for Air Pollution Control). 1967. A Digest of State Air Pollution Laws. Public Health Service Pub. 101. Washington, DC: Division of Air Pollution, U.S. Public Health Service.

NERA (National Economic Research Associates). 2004. Re: Methodology for Estimating Potential Job Losses from Briggs & Stratton Relocation Offshore. Memo to The National Academies of Sciences, Washington, DC, from National Economic Research Associates, Cambridge, MA. October 22, 2004.

NESCAUM (Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management). 2003. White Paper Comparing the Emissions Reductions of the LEV II Program

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×

to the Tier 2 Program. Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management, Boston, MA, and Cambridge Systematics, Inc., Cambridge, MA. October 2003 [online]. Available: http://www.nescaum.org/committees/mobile/ [accessed July 19, 2005].

NESCAUM (Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management). 2004. Re: LEV II v. Tier 2. Letter to Chester France, Director, Assessment and Standards Division, National Vehicle and Fuel Emission Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, MI, from Kenneth A. Colburn, Executive Director, NESCAUM, Boston, MA. July 29, 2004.

NESCAUM (Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management). 2005. Final Results of Comparing the Emissions Reductions of the LEV II Program to the Tier 2 Program. Letter to John Holmes, National Research Council, DC, from Arthur N. Martin, Executive Director, NESCAUM, Boston, MA. May 24, 2005.

NESCCAF (Northeast States Center for a Clean Air Future). 2004. Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Light-Duty Motor Vehicles. September 2004 [online]. Available: http://bronze.nescaum.org/committees/mobile/rpt040923ghglightduty.pdf [accessed Jan. 25, 2006].

Norton, T., S. Tucker, R.E. Smith, and D.R. Lawson. 1998. The Northern Front Range Air Quality Study. EM(January):13-19.

NRC (National Research Council). 1991. Rethinking the Ozone Problem in Urban and Regional Air Pollution. Washington DC: National Academy Press.

NRC (National Research Council). 1999. Ozone-Forming Potential of reformulated Gasoline. Washington DC: National Academy Press.

NRC (National Research Council). 2000. Modeling Mobile Source Emissions. Washington DC: National Academy Press.

NRC (National Research Council). 2001. Evaluating Vehicle Emissions Inspection and Maintenance Programs. Washington DC: National Academy Press.

NRC (National Research Council). 2002a. The Ongoing Challenge of Managing Carbon Monoxide Pollution in Fairbanks, Alaska. Interim Report. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

NRC (National Research Council). 2002b. Estimating the Public Health Benefits of Proposed Air Pollution Regulations. Washington DC: National Academies Press.

NRC (National Research Council). 2003. Managing Carbon Monoxide Pollution in Meteorological and Topographical Problem Areas. Washington DC: National Academies Press.

NRC (National Research Council). 2004. Air Quality Management in the United States. Washington DC: National Academies Press.

NYDEC (New York Department of Environmental Conservation). 1992 Amendments to 6 NYCRR Part 218 Emission Standards for Motor Vehi-

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×

cles and Motor Vehicle Engines: Assessment of Public Comments. February 1992.

NYDEC (New York Department of Environmental Conservation). 2000. 6 NYCRR Part 218 Regulatory Impact Statement. December 2000.

NYDEC (New York Department of Environmental Conservation). 2003. 6 NYCRR Part 210 Regulatory Impact Statement. Adapted August 8, 2003.


Office of the Governor Washington. 2004. Governor Gary Locke Announces Strategy to Combat Global Warming. Press Release, December 8, 2004. Governor Locke’s Communications Office, Olympia, WA [online]. Available: http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/air/globalwarming/Govs_pressrelease_cars04.pdf [accessed July 20, 2005].

OMB (Office of Management and Budget). 2003. Regulatory Analysis. OMB Circular A-4. September 17, 2003.

OMB (Office of Management and Budget). 2004. 2004 Draft Report to Congress on the Costs and Benefits of Federal Regulations and Unfunded Mandates on State, Local, and Tribal Entities. Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, Office of Management and Budget, Washington DC [online]. Available: http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/inforeg/draft_2004_cbreport.pdf [accessed March 14, 2005].

Omnitek (Omnitek Engineering Corporation). 2006. Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) System. Emissions Control Technologies and Alternative Fuel Engines: Heavy Duty Trucks, Buses, Off-Road Equipment and Industrial Engines. Omnitek Engineering Corporation, San Marcos, CA [online]. Available: http://www.omnitekcorp.com/scr.htm [accessed April 11, 2006].

ORNL (Oak Ridge National Laboratory). 2004. Table 4.9 Light Vehicle Market Shares by Size Class, Sales Periods 1976-2003. Light Vehicle MPG and Market Shares System, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN [online]. Available: http://cta.ornl.gov/data/tedb24/Spreadsheets/Table4_09.xls [accessed May 19, 2005].

OTA (Office of Technology Assessment). 1995. Gauging Control Technology and Regulatory Impacts in Occupational Safety and Health: An Appraisal of OSHA’s Analytic Approach. OTA-ENV-635. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. September 1995 [online]. Available: http://www.dau.mil/educdept/mm_dept_resources/reports/OTA-Gauging-control-tech-and-impact-on-OSHA.pdf [accessed Jan. 24, 2006].


Park, K., C. Feng, D.B. Kittelson, and P.H. McMurry. 2003. Relationship between particle mass and mobility of diesel exhaust particles. Environ. Sci. Technol. 37(3):577-583.

Pechan/EEA, Inc. (E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc./Energy & Environmental Analysis, Inc.). 1991. Adapting the California Low Emission Vehicle Program in the Northeast States-An Evaluation. Prepared for Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management, Boston, MA, by E.H.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×

Pechan & Associates, Inc., Springfield, VA, and Energy & Environmental Analysis, Inc., Arlington, VA. September 1991.

Pierson, W.R., A.W. Gertler, and R.L. Bradow. 1990. Comparison of the SCAQS Tunnel Study with other on-road vehicle emissions data. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 40(11):1495-1504.

Pierson, W.R., D.E. Schorran, E.M. Fujita, J.C. Sagebiel, D.R. Lawson, and R.L. Tanner. 1999. Assessment of nontailpipe hydrocarbon emissions from motor vehicles. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 49(5):498-519.

Pokharel, S.S., G.A. Bishop, and D.H. Stedman. 2000. On-Road Remote Sensing of Automobile Emissions in the Chicago Area: Year 3. Prepared for Coordinating Research Council, Inc., Alpharetta, GA, by Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO. April 2000 [online]. Available: http://www.feat.biochem.du.edu/assets/databases/Illinois/Arlhghts/Chicago_Year_3_CRC99.pdf [accessed Jan. 26, 2006].

Pokharel, S.S., G.A. Bishop, and D.H. Stedman. 2002. On-Road Remote Sensing of Automobile Emissions in the Chicago Area: Year 3. Prepared for Coordinating Research Council, Inc., Alpharetta, GA, by Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO. January 2002 [online]. Available: http://www.feat.biochem.du.edu/assets/databases/Colorado/6th_I25/Denver_Year_3_CRC01.pdf [accessed Jan. 26, 2006].

Pokharel, S.S., G.A. Bishop, D.H. Stedman, and R. Slott. 2003. Emissions reductions as a result of automobile improvement. Environ. Sci. Technol. 37(22):5097-5101.

Polakovic, G. 2002. State Takes Sharp Turn on Emissions; Cars: With Electric Vehicles Still Impractical, Hybrids and Gasoline Engines Are Showing Unexpected Progress. L.A. Times, Sept. 15, 2002, Part 2, p. B1.

Pope, C.A., III, D.W. Dockery, J.D. Spengler, and M.E. Raizenne. 1991. Respiratory health and PM10 pollution. A daily time series analysis. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 144(3 Pt.1):668-674.

Pope, C.A., III, R.T. Burnett, M.J. Thun, E.E. Calle, D. Krewski, K. Ito, and G.D. Thurston. 2002. Lung cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality, and long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution. JAMA 287(9):1132-1141.

Popp, P.J., S.S. Pokharel, G.A. Bishop, and D.H. Stedman. 1999. On-Road Remote Sensing of Automobile Emissions in the Denver Area: Year 1. CRC Project No. E-23-4-99. Prepared for Coordinating Research Council, Inc., Atlanta, GA, by Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO [online]. Available: http://www.crcao.com [accessed July 12, 2005].

Pun, B.K., C. Seigneur, and W. White. 2003. Day-of-week behavior of atmospheric ozone in three U.S. cities. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 53(7):789-801.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×

Reilly, W.K. 1991. Re: Questions from April 9, 1991 Letter from Chairman Dingell to Administrator Reilly, and EPA Responses. Letter to John D. Dingell, Chairman, Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigation Committee on Energy and Commerce, U.S. House of Representative, Washington, DC, from William K. Reilly, EPA Administrator, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. July 29, 1991.

Reilly, W.K. 1993. Letter to Thomas C. Jorling, Commissioner, New York State Department for Environmental Conservation, Albany, NY, from William K. Reilly, EPA Administrator, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Jan. 7, 1993.

RI DEM (Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management). 2004. “Re: Proposed Amendments to Air Pollution Control Regulation No. 37, entitled “Rhode Island’s Low Emission Vehicle Program”, Decision.” Office of Air Resources, Department of Environmental Management, State of Rhode Island [online]. Available: http://www.dem.ri.gov/pubs/regs/regs/air/levresp.pdf [accessed July 20, 2005].

Ritz, B., F. Yu, S. Fruin, G. Chapa, G.M. Shaw, and J.A. Harris. 2002. Ambient air pollution and risk of birth defects in Southern California. Am. J. Epidemiol. 155(1):17-25.

Rubin, E.S. 2005. The Government Role in Technology Innovation: Lessons for the Climate Change Policy Agenda. Presentation at the 10th Biennial Conference on Transportation Energy and Environmental Policy: Toward a Policy Agenda for Climate Change, August 24, 2005, Pacific Grove, CA [online]. Available: http://www.its.ucdavis.edu/events/outreachevents/asilomar2005/presentations/Rubin.pdf [accessed Jan. 25, 2006].


Sakurai, H., K. Park, P.H. McMurray, D.D. Zarling, D.D. Kittelson, and P.J. Ziemann. 2003. Size-dependent mixing characteristics of volatile and nonvolatile components in diesel exhaust aerosols. Environ. Sci. Technol. 37 (24):5487-5495.

Samet, J.M., F. Dominici, F.C. Curriero, I. Coursac, and S.L. Zeger. 2000. Fine particulate air pollution and mortality in 20 U.S. cities, 1987-1994. N. Engl. J. Med. 343(24):1742-1749.

SCAQMP (South Coast Air Quality Management Plan). 2003. Final 2003 AQMP Appendix III, Base and Future Year Emission Inventories in 2003 Air Quality Management Plan. August 2003 [online]. Available: http://www.aqmd.gov/aqmp/docs/2003AQMP_AppIII.pdf [accessed May 31, 2005].

SCAQMD (South Coast Air Quality Management District). 2003. SCAQMD 2003 Air Quality Management Plan [online]. Available: http://www.aqmd.gov/aqmp/AQMD03AQMP.htm. [accessed July 20, 2005].

SCAQMD (South Coast Air Quality Management District). 2004. FY 2004-2005 AQMD Budget and Work Program. Governing Board Meeting June 4, 2004. Agenda No. 39 [online]. Available: http://www.aqmd.gov/hb/2004/040639a.html [accessed Oct. 14, 2005].

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×

Schauer, J.J., W.F. Rogge, M.A. Mazurek, L.M. Hildemann, G.R. Cass, and B.R. Simoneit. 1996. Source apportionment of airborne particulate matter using organic compounds as tracers. Atmos. Environ. 30(22):3837-3855.

Schauer, J.J., M.J. Kleeman, G.R. Cass, and B.R.T. Simoneit. 2002. Measurement of emissions from air pollution sources. 5. C1-C32 organic compounds from gasoline-powered motor vehicles. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36(6):1169-1180.

Schwartz, J., and R. Morris. 1995. Air pollution and hospital admissions for cardiovascular disease in Detroit, Michigan. Am. J. Epidemiol. 142(1):23-35.

Seagrave, J., J.D. McDonald, A.P. Gigliotti, K.J. Nikula, S.K. Seilkop, M. Gurevich, and J.L. Mauderly. 2002. Mutagenicity and in vivo toxicity of combined particulate and semivolatile organic fractions of gasoline and diesel engine emissions. Toxicol. Sci. 70(2):212-226.

Seinfeld, J.H., and S.N. Pandis. 1998. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics From Air Pollution to Climate Change. New York: Wiley.

Shah, S.D., D.R. Cocker, III, J.W. Miller, and J.M. Norbeck. 2004. Emission rates of particulate matter and elemental and organic carbon from in-use diesel engines. Environ. Sci. Technol. 38(9):2544-2550.

Shelef, M. 1994. Unanticipated benefits of automotive emissions control: Reduction in fatalities by motor vehicle exhaust gas. Sci. Total Environ. 146/147:93-101.

Sierra Research. 1989. An Evaluation of Adapting the California Mobile Source Control Program in the Eight Northeast States. Prepared for Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management, Boston, MA by Sierra Research, Inc., Sacramento, CA. April 1989.

Sierra Research. 1994. The Cost-Effectiveness of Further Regulating Mobile Source Emissions. Prepared for the American Automobile Manufacturers Association by Sierra Research, Inc., Sacramento. February 1994.

Sierra Research. 1999. Cold Start, Plug-in and Mid-Trip Idling CO Emissions from Light-Duty Gasoline-Powered Vehicles in Alaska. Report No. SR99-06-01. Prepared for the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation, by Sierra Research, Inc., Sacramento, CA.

Sierra Research. 2000. Analysis of Alaska Vehicle CO Emission Study Data. Report Number SR00-02-01. Prepared for the Municipality of Anchorage, by Sierra Research, Inc., Sacramento, CA.

Sierra Research. 2004. Review of the August 2004 Proposed CARB Regulations to Control Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Motor Vehicles: Cost Effectiveness for the Vehicle Owner or Operator; Appendix C to the Comments of The Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers. Report No. SR2004-09-04. September 22, 2004. Sierra Research, Inc., Sacramento, CA [online]. Available: http://www.deq.state.or.us/aq/aqplanning/orlev/docs/SR20040904AppendixC_AAM.pdf [accessed Feb. 22, 2006].

SMAQMD (Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District). 2004. Clean Air Plan Update Potential Control Measure Overview [online].

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×

Available: http://www.airquality.org/cleanairplan/ws0306/ws0306Oview.shtml [accessed Jan. 26, 2005].

Smaling, R.M., S. Sung, and R. Bartlett. 1996. Washcoat Technology and Precious Metal Loading Study Targeting the California LEV MDV2 Standard. SAE 961904. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers.

Snyder, T.C. 2005. States Perspectives on Adoption of California Emissions Standards. Presentation at the Fourth Meeting of on State Practices in Setting Mobile Source Emissions Standards, April 15th, 2005, Boston, MA.

Sperling, D., D. Bunch, A. Burke, E. Abeles, B. Chen, K. Kurani, and T. Turrentine. 2004a. Analysis of Auto Industry and Consumer Response to Regulations and Technological Change, and Customization of Consumer Response Models in Support of AB 1493 Rulemaking. Prepared for the California Air Resources Board and the California Environmental Protection Agency, by Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Davis, CA. June 2004 [online]. Available: http://www.its.ucdavis.edu/publications/2004/UCD-ITS-RR-04-17.pdf [accessed July 11, 2005].

Sperling, D., E. Abeles, D. Bunch, A. Burke, B. Chen, K. Kurani, and T. Turrentine. 2004b. The price of regulation. Access 25(Fall):9-18.

Squitieri, R. 1998. Do We Always Overestimate Environmental Control Costs? Council of Economic Advisors, Washington, DC.

STAPPA/ALAPCO (State and Territorial Air Pollution Program Administrators and Association of Local Air Pollution Control Officials). 2001. Regulating Air Pollution from Diesel Trucks: A Model Rule for States. State and Territorial Air Pollution Program Administrators and Association of Local Air Pollution Control Officials, Washington, DC. July 2001[online]. Available: http://www.4cleanair.org/DieselTrucks.pdf [accessed August 29, 2005].

STAPPA/ALAPCO (State and Territorial Air Pollution Program Administrators and Association of Local Air Pollution Control Officials). 2004. Cleaning Up Diesel Trucks: A Model Rule for States. State and Territorial Air Pollution Program Administrators and Association of Local Air Pollution Control Officials, Washington, DC. September 2004 [online]. Available: http://www.4cleanair.org/CleaningUpTrucks.pdf [accessed August 30, 2005].

STAPPA/ALAPCO (State and Territorial Air Pollution Program Administrators and Association of Local Air Pollution Control Officials). 2005. HDDE Model Rule. State and Territorial Air Pollution Program Administrators and Association of Local Air Pollution Control Officials, Washington, DC [online]. Available: http://www.4cleanair.org/InnovationDetails.asp?innoid=15 [accessed July 13, 2005].

State of Oregon. 2004. Oregon Strategy for GHG Reductions, Governor’s Advisory Group on Global Warming. Oregon Department of Energy, Salem, OR [online]. Available: http://egov.oregon.gov/ENERGY/GBLWRM/Strategy.shtml [accessed July 20, 2005].

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×

Stedman, D.H. 1989. Automobile carbon monoxide emission. Environ. Sci. Technol. 23(2):147-148.

Stedman, D.H., G.A. Bishop, S.P. Beaton, J.E. Peterson, P.L. Guenther, I.F. McVey, and Y. Zhang. 1994. On-Road Remote Sensing of CO and HC Emissions in California. Final report. NTIS PB94-166345. Department of Chemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO. Prepared for California Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA.

Stedman, D.H., G.A. Bishop, and R.S. Slott. 1998. Repair avoidance and evaluating inspection and maintenance program. Environ. Sci. Technol. 32(10):1544-1545.

Summers, J.C., J.F. Skowron, and M.J. Miller. 1993. Use of Light-Off Catalysts to Meet the California LEV/ULEV Standards. SAE 930386. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers.


TCEQ (Texas Commission on Environmental Quality). 2004. Required control strategy elements. Chapter 5 in Revision to the State Implementation Plan (SIP) for the Control of Ozone Air Pollution: Houston/Galveston/Brazoria Ozone Nonattainment Area. Project No. 2004-042-SIP-NR. Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, Austin, TX [online]. Available: http://www.tnrcc.state.tx.us/oprd/sips/june2004hgb_EDrec.html#docs [accessed June 8, 2005].

Thurston, G.D., and K. Ito. 1999. Epidemiological studies of ozone exposure effects. Chapter 22 in Air Pollution and Health, S.T. Holgate, J.M. Samet, H.S. Koren, and R.L. Maynard, eds. San Diego: Academic Press.

TNRCC (Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission). 2002. Houston/Galveston Nonattainment Area. All Major Emission Sources Categories-Table Summaries [online]. Available: http://www.tnrcc.state.tx.us/air/aqp/ei/rsumhg.htm#voc [accessed May 31, 2005].

Townsend, C.L., and R.L. Maynard. 2002. Effects on health of prolonged exposure to low concentrations of carbon monoxide. Occup. Environ. Med. 59(10):708-711.

Truett, L.J., and D.B. Truett. 2003. The Italian automotive industry and economies of scale. Contemp. Econ. Policy 21(3):329-337.

Truex, T.J. 1998. Development and Evaluation of Advanced Catalyst Technology for ULEV Emission Levels with Gasoline-Fueled Vehicles. Final report. Prepared for Mobile Source Air Pollution Reduction Review Committee, by Center for Environmental Research and Technology, University of California, Riverside, CA. February [online]. Available: http://www.cert.ucr.edu/research/pubs/98-ve-rt8k-001-fr.pdf [accessed Jan. 25, 2006].

TTM (Tightrope Technologies Motors, Inc.). 2004. Carbon Canister Solenoid Valve. Carbon Canister Solenoid Valve Diagnostics [online]. Available: http://www.ttmtechnical.com/carbon_canister_solenoid_valve.html [accessed July 11, 2005].

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×

Turrentine, T., and K. Kurani. 2005. Automotive Fuel Economy in the Purchase and Use Decisions of Households. Presentation at the 2005 Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board.


University of Tennessee. 2003. Emission Inventories and Potential Emission Control Strategies for Ozone Early Action Compact Areas in Tennessee. Draft Report. Prepared for Tennessee Department of Transportation Division of Transportation Planning, and Tennessee Department of Environmental and Conservation, Division of Air Pollution Control, by University of Tennessee, Department of Civic and Environmental Engineering. April 13, 2003 [online]. Available: http://www.state.tn.us/environment/apc/eac/pdf/DrRpt041303.pdf [accessed Jan. 24, 2006].

U.S. Census Bureau. 1999. 1997 Economic Census, Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey. Geographic Area Series. EC97TV-US. U.S. Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, U.S. Census Bureau [online]. Available: http://www.census.gov/svsd/www/97vehinv.html [accessed May 19, 2005].

Utell, M.J., M.W. Frampton, W. Zareba, R.B. Devlin, and W.E. Cascio. 2002. Cardiovascular effects associated with air pollution: Potential mechanisms and methods of testing. Inhal. Toxicol. 14(12):1231-1247.

UTI (Universal Trucks Isreal) 2005. EGR System. TI, Isuzu [online]. Available: http://uti.co.il/_uploads/imagesgallery/35EGR6.jpg [accessed Jan. 26, 2006. Isuzu Motors, Japan


Walsh, M. 2005. National and Global Impacts of California Mobile Source Emissions Standards. Presentation at the Fourth Meeting on State Practices in Setting Mobile Source Emissions Standards, April 15, 2005, Boston, MA.

Wang, Q., C. Kling, and D. Sperling. 1993. Light-duty vehicle exhaust emission control cost estimates using a part-pricing approach. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 43(11):1461-1471.

Wayne, L.G., and Y. Horie. 1983. Evaluation of CARB’s In-Use Vehicle Surveillance Program. CARB Contract No. A2-043-32. Prepared by Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., for California Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA. October.

Wenzel, T. 2001. Evaluating the long-term effectiveness of the Phoenix IM240 program Environ. Sci. Policy 4(ER6):377-389.

Wenzel, T., M. Ross, and R. Sawyer. 1997. Analysis of Emissions Deterioration of in-use Vehicles, Using Arizona IM240 Data. Presented at the Society of Automotive Engineering Government/Industry Meeting, May 5-7, 1997, Washington, DC [online]. Available: http://enduse.lbl.gov/projects/vehicles/appendix_N.pdf [accessed Jan. 25, 2006].

White, L.J. 1982. The Regulation of Air Pollutant Emissions from Motor Vehicles. Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute.

Wilson, R.D. 1992. Letter to Charles E. Walton, President of New Jersey Automobile Dealers Association, Trenton, NJ, from Richard D. Wilson,

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×

Director, Office of Mobile Sources, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. July 2, 1992.

Witherspoon, C. 2004. California Perspective on Mobile Source Emission Standards. Presentation by California Air Resources Board at the First Meeting on State Practices in Setting Mobile Source Emissions Standards, June 28, 2004, Washington DC.

Wooley, D.R., and E. Morrs. 2004. CAA Handbook, 13Ed. St Paul, MN: Thomson West.


Zhu, Y., W.C. Hinds, S. Kim, and C. Sioutas. 2002. Concentration and size distribution of ultrafine particles near a major highway. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 52(9):1032-1042.

Zielinska, B., J. Sagebiel, J.D. McDonald, K. Whitney, and D.R. Lawson. 2004. Emission rates and comparative composition from selected of in-use diesel and gasoline-fueled vehicles. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 54(9):1138-1150.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×
Page 271
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×
Page 272
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×
Page 273
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×
Page 274
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×
Page 275
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×
Page 276
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×
Page 277
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×
Page 278
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×
Page 279
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×
Page 280
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×
Page 281
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×
Page 282
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×
Page 283
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×
Page 284
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×
Page 285
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×
Page 286
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×
Page 287
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×
Page 288
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×
Page 289
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×
Page 290
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×
Page 291
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×
Page 292
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×
Page 293
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×
Page 294
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×
Page 295
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×
Page 296
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×
Page 297
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×
Page 298
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×
Page 299
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11586.
×
Page 300
Next: Glossary »
State and Federal Standards for Mobile-Source Emissions Get This Book
×
Buy Paperback | $75.00
MyNAP members save 10% online.
Login or Register to save!
Download Free PDF

Emissions from mobile sources contribute significantly to air pollution in the United States. Such sources include cars and light- and heavy-duty trucks; diesel-powered cranes, bulldozers, and tractors; and equipment such as lawnmowers that run on small gasoline engines. The role of state versus federal government in establishing mobile-source emissions standards is an important environmental management issue. With this in mind, Congress called on EPA to arrange an independent study of the practices and procedures by which California develops separate emissions standards from the federal government and other states choose to adopt the California standards. The report provides an assessment of the scientific and technical procedures used by states to develop or adopt different emissions standards and a comparison of those policies and practices with those used by EPA. It also considers the impacts of state emissions standards on various factors including compliance costs and emissions. The report concludes that, despite the substantial progress in reducing emissions from mobile sources nationwide, more needs to be done to attain federal air-quality standards in many parts of the country. Additionally, California should continue its pioneering role in setting emissions standards for cars, trucks, and off-road equipment.

  1. ×

    Welcome to OpenBook!

    You're looking at OpenBook, NAP.edu's online reading room since 1999. Based on feedback from you, our users, we've made some improvements that make it easier than ever to read thousands of publications on our website.

    Do you want to take a quick tour of the OpenBook's features?

    No Thanks Take a Tour »
  2. ×

    Show this book's table of contents, where you can jump to any chapter by name.

    « Back Next »
  3. ×

    ...or use these buttons to go back to the previous chapter or skip to the next one.

    « Back Next »
  4. ×

    Jump up to the previous page or down to the next one. Also, you can type in a page number and press Enter to go directly to that page in the book.

    « Back Next »
  5. ×

    Switch between the Original Pages, where you can read the report as it appeared in print, and Text Pages for the web version, where you can highlight and search the text.

    « Back Next »
  6. ×

    To search the entire text of this book, type in your search term here and press Enter.

    « Back Next »
  7. ×

    Share a link to this book page on your preferred social network or via email.

    « Back Next »
  8. ×

    View our suggested citation for this chapter.

    « Back Next »
  9. ×

    Ready to take your reading offline? Click here to buy this book in print or download it as a free PDF, if available.

    « Back Next »
Stay Connected!