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Disposition of the Air Force Health Study (2006)

Chapter: Appendix B Air Force Health Study Data

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B Air Force Health Study Data." Institute of Medicine. 2006. Disposition of the Air Force Health Study. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11590.
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B
Air Force Health Study Data

Section 602(c) of Pub. L. 108-183 called for this committee to evaluate “[t]he scientific merit of retaining and maintaining the medical records, other study data, and laboratory specimens collected in the course of the Air Force Health Study after its currently scheduled termination date in 2006” and to determine “[w]hether or not any obstacles exist to retaining and maintaining the medical records, other study data, and laboratory specimens.”

Pursuant to this charge, the committee reviewed data and specimen collection as reported in the original study protocol (AFHS, 1982), official AFHS morbidity cycle reports (AFHS, 1984, 1987, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005), the Serum Dioxin Analysis of 1987 Examination Results (AFHS, 1991), AFHS mortality (AFHS, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1989, 1991, 1993, 1994, 1996) and reproductive outcomes reports (AFHS, 1992, 1998), as well as various AFHS analyses reported in scientific journals as cited in preceding chapters. AFHS data dictionaries and clinical collection and laboratory processing protocols were also reviewed where available.

The purpose of this appendix is to provide a sense of the scope and magnitude of the data collected and analyzed throughout the course of the AFHS. The following tables are not intended to serve as an exhaustive accounting of data collected or archived. Data collected in the mortality arm of the study are not represented in this appendix. The information contained in Tables B-1 through B-13 was derived primarily from analyses reported in AFHS morbidity cycle reports (cited above). Hence, they generally represent those outcomes included in morbidity analyses for a particular cycle and not necessarily all outcomes re-

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B Air Force Health Study Data." Institute of Medicine. 2006. Disposition of the Air Force Health Study. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11590.
×

corded or measured in AFHS clinical and laboratory evaluations or those obtained from private medical and dental records or military records.

The myriad laboratory tests performed (by the Kelsey-Seybold Clinic for Cycle 1 and Scripps Clinic for Cycles 2–6) on subject blood, urine, and semen were provided by AFHS investigators by committee request and are listed in Table B-14. Dioxin assays are not included in this list as they were performed separately at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

A summary of covariates used in various analyses throughout the AFHS is provided in Table B-15 to further characterize available subject data.

Table B-16 provides a brief overview of the types of data gathered through questionnaire administration as well as the major changes made to questionnaire (baseline and interval) content over time.

Additional details relating AFHS data resources and analyses are can be found in Chapters 24.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B Air Force Health Study Data." Institute of Medicine. 2006. Disposition of the Air Force Health Study. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11590.
×

TABLE B-1 General Health Assessment

Cycle

1

2

3

4

5

6

Examination Year

1982

1985

1987

1992

1997

2002

Analyzed Endpoints

 

Self-perception of health (Q)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Appearance of illness or distress as assessed by physician (PE)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Relative age appearance as assessed by physician (PE)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Calculated body fat (percentage) (PE)

X

X

X

X

X

 

BMI (PE)

 

X

Erythrocyte sedimentation (mm/hour) (LAB)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Covariates

 

Age (years) (MIL)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Race (MIL)

X

X

X

X

 

 

Military occupation (MIL)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Current cigarette smoking (cigarettes/day) (Q)

 

X

X

Lifetime cigarette smoking history (pack-years) (Q)

 

X

X

Current alcohol use (2 weeks prior to physical exam) (drinks/day) (Q)

 

X

Current alcohol use (drinks/day) (Q)

 

X

 

Lifetime alcohol history (drink-years) (Q)

 

X

X

Personality type (PE)

 

X

X

X

X

 

Caloric intake (Q)

 

X

 

NOTES: Data sources: (Q) questionnaires; (PE) physical examination; (LAB) laboratory tests; (MRV) medical records verified; (MIL) military records.

Areas in gray indicate that either an endpoint was not analyzed for a particular cycle or that it was unclear from the cycle report if an endpoint was analyzed. Gray areas do not indicate that an endpoint was not measured or recorded for a particular cycle. Shaded boxes with an X indicate that the endpoint was measured but not included in section analyses.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B Air Force Health Study Data." Institute of Medicine. 2006. Disposition of the Air Force Health Study. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11590.
×

TABLE B-2 Neurological Assessment

Cycle

1

2

3

4

5

6

Examination Year

1982

1985

1987

1992

1997

2002

Analyzed Endpoints

 

Inflammatory diseases (MVR)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Hereditary and degenerative diseases (MRV)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Peripheral disorders (MRV)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Disorders of eye (MRV)

X

X

X

 

Disorders of ear (MRV)

X

X

X

 

Other neurological disorders (MRV)

 

X

X

X

X

X

Smell (PE)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Visual fields (PE)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Light reaction (PE)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Ocular movement (PE)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Facial sensation (PE)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Corneal reflex (PE)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Jaw clench (PE)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Smile (PE)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Palpebral fissure (PE)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Balance/Romberg sign (PE)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Gag reflex (PE)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Speech (PE)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Tongue position relative to midline (PE)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Palate and uvula movement (PE)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Shoulder shrug (PE)

 

X

Cranial nerve index without range of motion (PE)

 

X

X

X

 

 

Cranial nerve index (PE)

 

X

X

X

X

X

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B Air Force Health Study Data." Institute of Medicine. 2006. Disposition of the Air Force Health Study. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11590.
×

Cycle

1

2

3

4

5

6

Examination Year

1982

1985

1987

1992

1997

2002

Neck range of motion (PE)

X

X

X

X

X

 

Pinprick (PE)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Light touch (PE)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Muscle status (PE)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Vibratory sensation (PE)

X

X

X

 

Patellar reflex (PE)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Achilles reflex (PE)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Biceps reflex (PE)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Babinski reflex (PE)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Any symmetrical peripheral abnormality (PE)

 

X

Possible peripheral neuropathy (PE)

 

X

Probable peripheral neuropathy (PE)

 

X

Polyneuropathy severity index (PE)

 

X

 

Polyneuropathy prevalence index (PE)

 

X

 

Multiple polyneuropathy index (PE)

 

X

 

Confirmed polyneuropathy index (PE)

 

X

 

Vibrotactile threshold great toes (PE)

 

X

 

Tremor (PE)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Coordination (PE)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Romberg sign (PE)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Gait (PE)

X

X

X

X

X

X

CNS index (PE)

 

X

X

X

X

X

Nerve conduction velocity (PE)

X

 

NOTES: Data sources: (Q) questionnaires; (PE) physical examination; (LAB) laboratory tests; (MRV) medical records verified; (MIL) military records.

Areas in gray indicate that either an endpoint was not analyzed for a particular cycle or that it was unclear from the cycle report if an endpoint was analyzed. Gray areas do not indicate that an endpoint was not measured or recorded for a particular cycle.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B Air Force Health Study Data." Institute of Medicine. 2006. Disposition of the Air Force Health Study. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11590.
×

TABLE B-3 Psychology Assessment

Cycle

1

2

3

4

5

6

Examination Year

1982

1985

1987

1992

1997

2002

Analyzed Endpoints

 

Psychoses (MRV)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Alcohol dependence (MRV)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Drug dependence (MRV)

 

X

X

X

X

Anxiety (MRV)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Other neuroses (MRV)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Fatigue (Q)

X

 

Depression (Q)

X

Anxiety (Q)

X

Erosion of skills (Q)

X

Social isolation (Q)

X

Aggressive or impulsive behavior (Q)

X

Trouble falling asleep (Q)

 

X

 

Waking up during the night (Q)

X

Waking up too early and can’t go back to sleep (Q)

X

Waking up unrefreshed (Q)

X

Involuntarily falling asleep during the day (Q)

X

Great disabling fatigue during the day (Q)

X

Frightening dreams (Q)

X

Talking in sleep (Q)

X

Sleepwalking (Q)

X

Abnormal movement/activity during the night (Q)

X

Sleep problems requiring medication (Q)

X

Snore loudly in all sleeping positions (Q)

X

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B Air Force Health Study Data." Institute of Medicine. 2006. Disposition of the Air Force Health Study. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11590.
×

Cycle

1

2

3

4

5

6

Examination Year

1982

1985

1987

1992

1997

2002

Insomnia (Q)

 

X

 

Overall sleep disorder index (Q)

 

X

 

Average sleep each night (hours) (Q)

 

X

 

SCL-90-R: Symptom Checklist-90—Revised (PE)

 

X

X

X

X

WMS-R: Wechsler Memory Scale—Revised (PE)

 

X

MCMI: Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (PE)

 

X

 

MMPI: Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (PE)

X

X

 

CMI: Cornell Medical Index (PE)

 

X

 

HRB: Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery (PE)

X

X

 

CI: Cornell Index (PE)

X

 

WAIS: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (PE)

X

 

NOTES: Data sources: (Q) questionnaires; (PE) physical examination; (LAB) laboratory tests; (MRV) medical records verified; (MIL) military records.

Areas in gray indicate that either an endpoint was not analyzed for a particular cycle or that it was unclear from the cycle report if an endpoint was analyzed. Gray areas do not indicate that an endpoint was not measured or recorded for a particular cycle. Shaded boxes with an X indicate that the endpoint was measured but not included in section analyses.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B Air Force Health Study Data." Institute of Medicine. 2006. Disposition of the Air Force Health Study. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11590.
×

TABLE B-4 Gastrointestinal Assessment

Cycle

1

2

3

4

5

6

Examination Year

1982

1985

1987

1992

1997

2002

Analyzed Endpoints

 

Uncharacterized hepatitis (Q/MRV)

X

X

Xa

X

X

X

Jaundice (unspecified) (Q/MRV)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Acute and subacute necrosis of the liver (Q/MRV)

 

X

X

X

X

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis (alcohol related) (Q/MRV)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis (nonalcohol related) (Q/MRV)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Liver abscess and sequelae of chronic liver disease (Q/MRV)

 

X

X

X

X

Enlarged liver (hepatomegaly) (Q/MRV)

 

X

X

X

X

X

Skin bruises, patches, or sensitivity (Q/MRV)

X

X

X

 

Reported/verified ulcer (Q/MRV)

 

X

X

 

Other disorders of the liver (Q/MRV)

Xb

X

X

X

X

X

Liver disease (lifetime history) (Q/MRV)

 

X

 

Current hepatomegaly (PE)

X

X

X

X

X

X

AST (U/L) (LAB)

X

X

X

X

X

X

ALT (U/L) (LAB)

X

X

X

X

X

X

GGT (U/L) (LAB)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Alkaline phosphatase (U/L) (LAB)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Total bilirubin (mg/dl) (LAB)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Direct bilirubin (mg/dl) (LAB)

X

X

X

X

X

X

LDH (U/L) (LAB)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Cholesterol (mg/dl) (LAB)

X

X

X

X

X

X

HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) (LAB)

 

X

X

X

X

Cholesterol-HDL ratio (LAB)

 

X

X

X

X

Triglycerides (mg/dl) (LAB)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B Air Force Health Study Data." Institute of Medicine. 2006. Disposition of the Air Force Health Study. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11590.
×

Cycle

1

2

3

4

5

6

Examination Year

1982

1985

1987

1992

1997

2002

Creatine phosphokinase (U/L) (LAB)

 

X

X

X

X

Serum amylase (U/L) (LAB)

 

X

X

X

Evidence of prior hepatitis A (LAB)

X

X

X

Evidence of prior hepatitis B (LAB)

X

X

X

Current hepatitis B (LAB)

X

X

 

Evidence of prior hepatitis C (LAB)

X

X

X

Evidence of prior hepatitis D (LAB)

 

X

 

Stool occult blood test (LAB)

X

X

X

Protein profile: prealbumin (mg/dl) (LAB)

X

X

X

Protein profile: albumin (mg/dl) (LAB)

X

X

X

Protein profile: α-1-acid glycoprotein (mg/dl) (LAB)

X

X

X

Protein profile: α-1-antitrypsin (mg/dl) (LAB)

X

X

X

Protein profile: α-2-macroglobulin (mg/dl) (LAB)

X

X

X

Protein profile: apolipoprotein B (mg/dl) (LAB)

X

X

X

Protein profile: C3 complement (mg/dl) (LAB)

X

X

X

Protein profile: C4 complement (mg/dl) (LAB)

X

X

X

Protein profile: haptoglobin (mg/dl) (LAB)

X

X

X

Protein profile: transferrin (mg/dl) (LAB)

X

X

X

Prothrombin time (seconds) (LAB)

 

X

Fasting glucose (LAB)

 

X

 

Uroporphyrin (LAB)

X

X

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B Air Force Health Study Data." Institute of Medicine. 2006. Disposition of the Air Force Health Study. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11590.
×

Coproporphyrin (LAB)

X

X

 

Aminolevulinic acid (LAB)

X

 

NOTES: Data sources: (Q) questionnaires; (PE) physical examination; (LAB) laboratory tests; (MRV) medical records verified; (MIL) military records.

Areas in gray indicate that either an endpoint was not analyzed for a particular cycle or that it was unclear from the cycle report if an endpoint was analyzed. Gray areas do not indicate that an endpoint was not measured or recorded for a particular cycle. Shaded boxes with an X indicate that the endpoint was measured but not included in section analyses.

aIn Cycle 3 viral hepatitis is reported versus uncharacterized hepatitis in other cycles.

bLiver necrosis and enzyme elevation included in the other liver conditions category.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B Air Force Health Study Data." Institute of Medicine. 2006. Disposition of the Air Force Health Study. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11590.
×

TABLE B-5 Dermatological Assessment

Cycle

1

2

3

4

5a

6

Examination Year

1982

1985

1987

1992

1997

2002

Analyzed Endpoints

 

Acne (lifetime) (Q/MRV)

X

X

X

X

 

X

Post-SEA acne (Q/MRV/MIL)

X

X

X

X

X

Post-SEA acne (no pre-SEA acne) (Q/MRV/MIL)

X

X

X

X

X

Post-SEA acne (with pre-SEA acne) (Q/MRV/MIL)

X

X

X

X

X

Location of post-SEA acne (pre-SEA acne cases excluded) (Q/MRV)

 

X

X

X

X

Location of post-SEA acne (all post-SEA occurrences) (Q/MRV)

X

X

X

X

X

Duration of post-SEA acne (pre-SEA acne cases excluded) (months) (Q)

X

X

X

 

X

Duration of post-SEA acne (all post-SEA occurrences) (months) (Q)

X

X

X

X

Acneiform lesions (PE)

X

X

X

X

Acneiform scars (PE)

X

X

X

X

Comedones (PE)

X

X

X

X

Depigmentation (PE)

 

X

X

X

Hyperpigmentation (PE)

X

X

X

X

Inclusion cysts (PE)

X

X

X

X

Dermatology index (PE)b

X

X

X

X

X

Other abnormalities (PE)c

X

X

X

X

 

NOTES: Data sources: (Q) questionnaires; (PE) physical examination; (LAB) laboratory tests; (MRV) medical records verified; (MIL) military records.

Areas in gray indicate that either an endpoint was not analyzed for a particular cycle or that it was unclear from the cycle report if an endpoint was analyzed. Gray areas do not indicate that an endpoint was not measured or recorded for a particular cycle. Shaded boxes with an X indicate that the endpoint was measured but not included in section analyses.

aDermatologic assessment not reported in the Cycle 5 follow-up examination results.

bThe dermatology index comprised counts for comedones, acneiform lesions, acneiform scars, and inclusion cysts (AFHS, 1990).

cConditions comprising the other abnormalities category were jaundice, spider angiomata, palmar erythema, suspected melanoma, palmar keratoses, petechiae, ecchymoses, conjunctival abnormality, oral mucosal abnormality, fingernail abnormality, toenail abnormality, dermatographia, cutis rhomboidalis, suspected basal cell carcinoma, suspected squamous cell carcinoma, nevus, or other abnormalities (AFHS, 1990). Vitiligo was added to the list in Cycle 5 (AFHS, 1997).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B Air Force Health Study Data." Institute of Medicine. 2006. Disposition of the Air Force Health Study. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11590.
×

TABLE B-6 Cardiovascular Assessment

Cycle

1

2

3

4

5

6

Examination Year

1982

1985

1987

1992

1997

2002

Analyzed Endpoints

 

Essential hypertension (Q/MRV/PE)

 

X

X

X

X

X

Heart disease (excluding essential hypertension) (Q/MRV/PE)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Myocardial infarction (Q/MRV/PE)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Stroke or transient ischemic attack (MRV)

 

X

X

Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) (PE)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) (PE)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Heart sounds (PE)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Overall ECG (PE)

X

X

X

X

X

X

ECG: RBBB (PE)

 

X

X

X

X

X

ECG: LBBB (PE)

X

X

X

X

X

ECG: nonspecific ST- and T-wave changes (PE)

X

X

X

X

X

ECG: bradycardia (PE)

X

X

X

X

X

ECG: tachycardia (PE)

X

X

X

X

X

ECG: arrhythmia (PE)

X

X

X

X

X

ECG: evidence of prior myocardial infarction (PE)

 

X

X

X

ECG: other diagnoses (PE)

X

X

X

X

X

Funduscopic examination (PE)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Carotid bruits (PE)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Radial pulses (PE)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Femoral pulses (PE)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Popliteal pulses (PE)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Dorsalis pedis pulses (PE)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Posterior tibial pulses (PE)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B Air Force Health Study Data." Institute of Medicine. 2006. Disposition of the Air Force Health Study. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11590.
×

Cycle

1

2

3

4

5

6

Examination Year

1982

1985

1987

1992

1997

2002

Leg pulses (PE)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Peripheral pulses (PE)

X

X

X

X

X

X

All pulses (PE)

X

X

X

 

Resting pressure index (PE)

 

X

Hyperemic pressure index (1 minute postexercise) (PE)

X

Hyperemic pressure index (2 minutes postexercise) (PE)

X

Intermittent claudication and vascular insufficiency index (Q)

 

X

X

X

Kidney, urethra, and bladder (KUB) X ray excluding kidney stones (PE)

 

X

 

Questionnaire-physical exam associations* (PE)

 

X

 

NOTES: Data sources: (Q) questionnaires; (PE) physical examination; (LAB) laboratory tests; (MRV) medical records verified; (MIL) military records.

Areas in gray indicate that either an endpoint was not analyzed for a particular cycle or that it was unclear from the cycle report if an endpoint was analyzed. Gray areas do not indicate that an endpoint was not measured or recorded for a particular cycle.

*Measure was determined by analysis of central and peripheral PE findings and verified CVD endpoints to determine strength of correlation between PE findings and medical history (AFHS, 1990).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B Air Force Health Study Data." Institute of Medicine. 2006. Disposition of the Air Force Health Study. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11590.
×

TABLE B-7 Hematological Assessment

Cycle

1

2

3

4

5

6

Examination Year

1982

1985

1987

1992

1997

2002

Analyzed Endpoints

 

RBC count (million/mm3) (LAB)

X

X

X

X

X

X

WBC count (thousand/mm3) (LAB)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Hemoglobin (g/dl) (LAB)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Hematocrit (percent) (LAB)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Mean corpuscular volume (MVC) (cubic micra) (LAB)

X

X

X

 

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) (microgram) (LAB)

X

X

X

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (mg/dl) (LAB)

X

X

X

Platelet count (thousand/mm3) (LAB)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Prothrombin time (seconds) (LAB)

 

X

X

 

RBC morphology (LAB)

X

X

X

Absolute neutrophils (segs) (thousand/mm3) (LAB)

X

X

X

Absolute neutrophils (bands) (thousand/mm3) (LAB)

X

X

X

Absolute lymphocytes (thousand/mm3) (LAB)

X

X

X

Absolute monocytes (thousand/mm3) (LAB)

X

X

X

Absolute eosinophils (thousand/mm3) (LAB)

X

X

X

Absolute basophils (thousand/mm3) (LAB)

X

X

X

Fibrinogen (mg/dl) (LAB)

 

X

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (mm/hour) (LAB)

X

X

X

X

X

X

NOTES: Data sources: (Q) questionnaires; (PE) physical examination; (LAB) laboratory tests; (MRV) medical records verified; (MIL) military records.

When units are provided, they reflect the most recent cycle for which the measurement was taken.

Areas in gray indicate that either an endpoint was not analyzed for a particular cycle or that it was unclear from the cycle report if an endpoint was analyzed. Gray areas do not indicate that an endpoint was not measured or recorded for a particular cycle. Shaded boxes with an X indicate that the endpoint was measured but not included in section analyses.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B Air Force Health Study Data." Institute of Medicine. 2006. Disposition of the Air Force Health Study. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11590.
×

TABLE B-8 Renal Assessment

Cycle

1

2

3

4

5

6

Examination Year

1982

1985

1987

1992

1997

2002

Analyzed Endpoints

 

History of kidney stones (MRV/PE)

 

X

Occurrence of past kidney disease (MRV)

X

X

X

X

 

X

Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dl) (LAB)

X

X

X

 

 

X

Serum creatinine (mg/dl) (LAB)

 

X

 

X

Creatinine clearance (calculated) (LAB/PE/MIL)

X

 

X

Urinary microalbumin to urinary creatinine ratio (µg/mg) (LAB)

 

X

Urine specific gravity (LAB)

X

X

X

X

 

X

Urinary occult blood (cells/HPF) (LAB)

X

X

X

X

 

X

Urinary WBC count (cells/HPF) (LAB)

X

X

X

X

 

X

Urinary protein (LAB)

X

X

X

X

 

X

Urinary RBC count (cells/HPF) (LAB)

X

X

X

X

 

Urine creatinine (LAB)

X

 

Urine volume (24 Hour) (LAB)

X

 

Kidney stones from KUB X ray (PE)

 

X

 

Composite renal abnormalities (LAB)

X

 

NOTES: Data sources: (Q) questionnaires; (PE) physical examination; (LAB) laboratory tests; (MRV) medical records verified; (MIL) military records.

When units are provided, they reflect the most recent cycle for which the measurement was taken.

Areas in gray indicate that either an endpoint was not analyzed for a particular cycle or that it was unclear from the cycle report if an endpoint was analyzed. Gray areas do not indicate that an endpoint was not measured or recorded for a particular cycle. Shaded boxes with an X indicate that the endpoint was measured but not included in section analyses.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B Air Force Health Study Data." Institute of Medicine. 2006. Disposition of the Air Force Health Study. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11590.
×

TABLE B-9 Endocrine Assessment

Cycle

1

2

3

4

5

6

Examination Year

1982

1985

1987

1992

1997

2002

Analyzed Endpoints

 

Past thyroid disease (MRV)

 

X

X

X

X

X

Current thyroid function (Q)

 

X

X

 

Composite diabetes indicator (MRV/LAB)

 

X

X

X

 

Composite diabetes indicator (2002 AFHS diabetes definition) (MRV/LAB)

 

X

Composite diabetes indicator (pre-2002 AFHS diabetes definition)(MRV/LAB)

 

X

X

Diabetic severity (MRV)

 

X

 

Diabetic control (MRV/LAB)

 

X

X

X

Time to diabetes onset (years) (MRV/LAB/MIL)

 

X

X

X

Thyroid gland (PE)

 

X

X

X

X

X

Testicular examination (PE)

 

X

X

 

X

X

Testicular volume (PE)

 

X

 

TSH (µIU/ml) (LAB)

 

X

X

X

X

X

Free thyroxine index (µg/dl) (LAB)

X

 

Free T4 (ng/dl) (LAB)

 

X

T4 (µg/dl (LAB)

X

 

X

X

 

T3 % uptake (LAB)

X

X

X

 

Antithyroid antibodies (LAB)

 

X

X

X

Fasting glucose (mg/dl) (LAB)

 

X

X

X

2-hour postprandial glucose (mg/dl) (LAB)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Fasting urinary glucose (LAB)

 

X

X

 

2-hour postprandial urinary glucose (LAB)

 

X

X

X

X

Insulin (µIU/ml) (LAB)

 

X

X

X

2-hour postprandial insulin (µIU/ml) (LAB)

 

X

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B Air Force Health Study Data." Institute of Medicine. 2006. Disposition of the Air Force Health Study. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11590.
×

Cycle

1

2

3

4

5

6

Examination Year

1982

1985

1987

1992

1997

2002

Serum glucagon (pg/ml) (LAB)

 

X

 

Hemoglobin A1c (percent) (LAB)

X

X

X

C-peptide (ng/ml) (LAB)

X

 

X

Proinsulin (pmol/l) (LAB)

X

 

X

GADA (LAB)

 

X

Total testosterone (ng/dl) (LAB)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Free testosterone (pg/ml) (LAB)

 

X

X

X

Estradiol (pg/ml) (LAB)

X

X

X

LH (mIU/ml) (LAB)

X

X

X

FSH (mIU/ml) (LAB)

 

X

X

X

X

Retinopathy results (diabetics only) (PE)

 

X

 

Neuropathy results (diabetics only) (PE)

X

Radial pulses (diabetics only) (PE)

X

Femoral pulses (diabetics only) (PE)

X

Popliteal pulses (diabetics only) (PE)

X

Dorsalis pedis pulses (diabetics only) (PE)

X

Posterior tibial pulses (diabetics only) (PE)

X

Leg pulses (diabetics only) (PE)

X

Peripheral pulses (diabetics only) (PE)

X

Urine protein (diabetics only) (PE)

X

Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) (nmol/l) (LAB)

X

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B Air Force Health Study Data." Institute of Medicine. 2006. Disposition of the Air Force Health Study. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11590.
×

Total testosterone to SHBG ratio (LAB)

 

X

 

Cortisol (µg/dl) (initial, 2 hour, and differential) (LAB)

 

X

 

NOTES: Data sources: (Q) questionnaires; (PE) physical examination; (LAB) laboratory tests; (MRV) medical records verified; (MIL) military records.

When units are provided, they reflect the most recent cycle for which the measurement was taken.

Areas in gray indicate that either an endpoint was not analyzed for a particular cycle or that it was unclear from the cycle report if an endpoint was analyzed. Gray areas do not indicate that an endpoint was not measured or recorded for a particular cycle. Shaded boxes with an X indicate that the endpoint was measured but not included in section analyses.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B Air Force Health Study Data." Institute of Medicine. 2006. Disposition of the Air Force Health Study. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11590.
×

TABLE B-10 Immunology Assessment

Cycle

1

2

3

4

5

6

Examination Year

1982

1985

1987

1992

1997

2002

Analyzed Endpoints

 

Composite skin test (PE)

 

X

X

X

 

CD2+ cells (total T cells) (cells/mm3) (LAB)

X

X

X

 

CD3 cells (total T cells) (cells/mm3) (LAB)

X

 

X

X

X

CD4 cells (helper T cells) (cells/mm3) (LAB)

X

X

X

X

X

X

CD5 cells (cells/mm3) (LAB)

 

X

 

CD8 cells (suppressor cells) (cells/mm3) (LAB)

X

X

X

X

X

X

CD14 cells (monocytes) (cells/mm3) (LAB)

 

X

X

X

 

CD16+56 cells (natural killer cells) (cells/mm3) (LAB)

 

X

X

X

CD20 cells (B cells) (cells/mm3) (LAB)

X

X

X

X

X

X

CD25 cells (cells/mm3) (LAB)

 

X

X

 

CD4-CD8 ratio (LAB)

X

X

X

X

 

HLA-DR cells (cells/mm3) (LAB)

 

X

X

 

CD3 with CD25 (cells/mm3) (LAB)

 

X

 

CD5 with CD20 (cells/mm3) (LAB)

X

CD4 with CD8 (cells/mm3) (LAB)

X

CD3 with CD16+56 (cells/mm3) (LAB)

X

CD3+CD4 cells (helper T cells) (cells/mm3) (LAB)

 

X

X

Absolute lymphocytes (cells/mm3) (LAB)

X

 

X

X

X

X

IgA (mg/dl) (LAB)

 

X

X

X

X

IgG (mg/dl) (LAB)

X

X

X

X

IgM (mg/dl) (LAB)

X

X

X

X

Lupus panel: ANA test (LAB)

 

X

X

X

Lupus panel: thyroid microsomal antibody (LAB)

 

X

X

X

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B Air Force Health Study Data." Institute of Medicine. 2006. Disposition of the Air Force Health Study. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11590.
×

Lupus panel: MSK antismooth muscle antibody (LAB)

 

X

X

X

Lupus panel: MSK antimitochondrial antibody (LAB)

X

X

X

Lupus panel: MSK antiparietal cell antibody (LAB)

X

X

X

Lupus panel: rheumatoid factor (LAB)

X

X

X

Lupus panel: B cell clones (LAB)

X

 

Lupus panel: other antibodies (LAB)

X

Lupus panel: summary index (LAB)

X

PHA (unstimulated and net) response (LAB)

 

X

X

 

MLC (unstimulated and net) response (LAB)

X

X

NKCA 50:1 net response (LAB)

 

X

NKCA 50:1 percent release (LAB)

X

NKCI 50:1 net response (LAB)

X

NKCI 50:1 percent release (LAB)

X

PWN (pokeweed net response) (LAB)

X

 

NOTES: Data sources: (Q) questionnaires; (PE) physical examination; (LAB) laboratory tests; (MRV) medical records verified; (MIL) military records.

When units are provided, they reflect the most recent cycle for which the measurement was taken.

Areas in gray indicate that either an endpoint was not analyzed for a particular cycle or that it was unclear from the cycle report if an endpoint was analyzed. Gray areas do not indicate that an endpoint was not measured or recorded for a particular cycle. Shaded boxes with an X indicate that the endpoint was measured but not included in section analyses.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B Air Force Health Study Data." Institute of Medicine. 2006. Disposition of the Air Force Health Study. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11590.
×

TABLE B-11 Pulmonary Assessment

Cycle

1

2

3

4

5

6

Examination Year

1982

1985

1987

1992

1997

2002

Analyzed Endpoints

 

Asthma (MRV*/Q)

 

X

X

X

X

X

Bronchitis (MRV*/Q)

X

X

X

X

X

Pneumonia (MRV*/Q)

X

X

X

X

X

Pleurisy (Q)

X

X

 

Tuberculosis (Q)

X

X

X

 

Neoplasia (Q)

X

 

Chronic sinusitis and other upper respiratory disease (Q)

X

Thorax and lung abnormality (PE)

 

X

X

X

X

X

X ray interpretation (LAB)

X

X

X

X

X

Asymmetric expansion (PE)

X

X

 

Hyperresonance (PE)

X

X

Wheezes (PE)

X

X

Rales (PE)

X

X

Dullness (PE)

X

X

FVC (percent of predicted) (LAB)

X

 

X

X

X

X

FEV1 (percent of predicted) (LAB)

X

 

X

X

X

X

FEV2 (LAB)

 

X

 

FEV3 (LAB)

X

FEV MAX (LAB)

X

Ratio of observed FEV1 to observed FVC (LAB)

X

 

X

X

X

X

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B Air Force Health Study Data." Institute of Medicine. 2006. Disposition of the Air Force Health Study. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11590.
×

Loss of vital capacity (LAB)

 

X

X

X

X

Obstructive abnormality (LAB)

X

X

X

X

NOTES: Data sources: (Q) questionnaires; (PE) physical examination; (LAB) laboratory tests; (MRV) medical records verified; (MIL) military records.

When units are provided, they reflect the most recent cycle for which the measurement was taken.

Areas in gray indicate that either an endpoint was not analyzed for a particular cycle or that it was unclear from the cycle report if an endpoint was analyzed. Gray areas do not indicate that an endpoint was not measured or recorded for a particular cycle.

*Medical records were not verified in Cycles 2–3.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B Air Force Health Study Data." Institute of Medicine. 2006. Disposition of the Air Force Health Study. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11590.
×

TABLE B-12 Neoplasia Assessment

Cycle

1

2

3

4

5

6

Examination Year

1982

1985

1987

1992

1997

2002

Analyzed Endpoints

 

Skin neoplasms (MRV/PE)

 

Behavior (All Sites Combined)

 

All

 

X

X

X

X

X

Malignant

 

X

X

X

X

X

Benign

 

X

X

X

X

X

Uncertain behavior or unspecified nature

 

X

X

X

X

X

Cell Type-Specific Analysesa

 

Basal cell carcinoma

X

X

X

X

X

X

Squamous cell carcinoma

X

X

X

X

X

X

Fibrosarcoma

X

 

Nonmelanoma

 

X

X

X

Melanoma

X

X

Xb

X

X

X

Sun exposure-related malignancies

 

X

X

 

Systemic neoplasms (MRV/PE)

 

Behavior (All Sites Combined)

 

All

 

X

X

X

X

X

Malignant

 

X

X

X

X

X

Benign

 

X

X

X

X

X

Uncertain behavior or unspecified nature

 

X

X

X

X

X

Site-Specific Analyses

 

Malignant

 

Eye, ear, face, head, and neck

 

X

X

X

X

X

Oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx

X

X

X

X

X

X

Brain

 

X

X

X

X

Digestive organs, peritoneum, and esophagus

Xc

X

 

X

X

Xd

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B Air Force Health Study Data." Institute of Medicine. 2006. Disposition of the Air Force Health Study. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11590.
×

Thymus, heart, and mediastinum

 

X

X

X

X

Thyroid gland

X

X

X

X

X

X

Bronchus and lung (includes trachea and pleura)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Liver

 

X

 

X

X

Colon and rectum (includes anus)

X

X

X

X

X

X

Urinary system

Xe

Xf

Xf

Xf

X

X

Kidney and ureter

Xe

Xf

Xf

Xf

 

X

Prostate

Xe

X

X

X

X

X

Penis and other male genital organs

Xe

X

X

X

X

X

Testicles

Xe

X

X

X

X

X

Bone and articular cartilage

X

 

X

Extrahepatic bile duct

 

X

X

Ill-defined sites

 

X

X

X

 

Connective and other soft tissues

X

X

 

X

X

X

Hodgkin’s disease

X

X

X

X

X

X

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

X

X

 

X

X

 

Leukemia

X

X

X

X

 

X

Other malignant systemic neoplasms of lymphoid and histiocytic tissue

X

 

X

X

X

X

Lymphoreticular sarcoma

 

X

Multiple myeloma

 

X

 

X

Soft-tissue sarcoma

 

X

 

Premalignant

 

Carcinoma in situ (breast, digestive organs, respiratory, prostate, penis and other male genitals, bladder and other, and nonspecified urinary)

X

 

Xg

X

Xh

X

Premalignant and Malignant

 

Stomach (All)

 

X

Other and unspecified sites

X

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B Air Force Health Study Data." Institute of Medicine. 2006. Disposition of the Air Force Health Study. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11590.
×

Cycle

1

2

3

4

5

6

Examination Year

1982

1985

1987

1992

1997

2002

Skin and systemic neoplasms (MRV/PE)

 

All

 

All sites combined

 

X

X

X

X

X

Malignant

 

All sites combined

 

X

PSA (LAB)

 

X

X

X

NOTES: Data sources: (Q) questionnaires; (PE) physical examination; (LAB) laboratory tests; (MRV) medical records verified; (MIL) military records.

Areas in gray indicate that either an endpoint was not analyzed for a particular cycle or that it was unclear from the cycle report if an endpoint was analyzed. Gray areas do not indicate that an endpoint was not measured or recorded for a particular cycle. Overlap in site-specific analyses occurs as in some cycles broad ICD-9 classes are used versus the specific site or organ codes used in other cycles.

aSite-specific analyses were conducted in Cycles 1–3 for the majority of cell types (AFHS, 1982, 1987, 1990).

bSun exposure-related cases included (AFHS, 1990).

cDigestive organ/peritoneum is one category (AFHS, 1994).

dEsophagus only (AFHS, 2005).

eGenitourinary is one category (ICD 9 codes 179-189—excludes carcinoma in situ) (AFHS, 1984).

fKidney and Bladder is the category reference (AFHS, 1987, 1990, 1995).

gCarcinoma in situ of penis and other sites listed separately (AFHS, 1990).

hThe only site-specific reference for carcinoma in situ is penis (AFHS, 2000).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B Air Force Health Study Data." Institute of Medicine. 2006. Disposition of the Air Force Health Study. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11590.
×

TABLE B-13 Reproductive Assessment

Year of Report

1984a

1992b

1998

Analyzed Endpoints

 

Number of marriages (Q)

X

 

X

Duration of marital and nonmarital relationships (Q)

X

X

Number of couples with the desired number of children (Q)

X

X

Sperm count (LAB)

X

X

Sperm morphology (LAB)

X

X

Number of conceptions (Q)

X

X

X

Conception outcomes: miscarriage (Q/MRV)

X

X

X

Conception outcomes: induced abortion (Q/MRV)

X

X

X

Conception outcomes: tubal pregnancy (QMRV)

 

X

 

Conception outcomes: stillbirth (Q/MRV)

X

X

X

Conception outcomes: live birth (Q/MRV)

X

X

X

Live birth outcomes: learning disabilities (Q/MRV)

X

 

X

Live birth outcomes: physical handicaps (Q/MRV)

X

X

Live birth outcomes: neonatal mortality (Q/MRV)

X

X

Live birth outcomes: infant mortality (Q/MRV)

X

X

Live birth outcomes: birth defectsc (ICD 9 coded) (Q/MRV)

X

X

X

CDC birth defect category: total congenital anomalies (Q/MRV)

 

X

 

CDC birth defect category: nervous system anomalies (Q/MRV)

X

CDC birth defect category: eye anomalies (Q/MRV)

X

CDC birth defect category: ear, face, and neck anomalies (Q/MRV)

X

CDC birth defect category: circulatory system and heart anomalies (Q/MRV)

X

CDC birth defect category: respiratory anomalies (Q/MRV)

X

CDC birth defect category: digestive system anomalies (Q/MRV)

X

CDC birth defect category: genital anomalies (Q/MRV)

X

Birth defects: urinary system anomalies (Q/MRV)

X

CDC birth defect category: musculoskeletal deformities (Q/MRV)

X

CDC birth defect category: anomalies of the skin (Q/MRV)

X

CDC birth defect category: chromosomal anomalies (Q/MRV)

X

CDC birth defect category: other and unspecified anomalies (Q/MRV)

X

Birth defect severity (Q/MRV)

X

X

X

Birth weight (MRV)

 

X

 

NOTES: Data sources: (Q) questionnaires; (PE) physical examination; (LAB) laboratory tests; (MRV) medical records verified.

Analyzed endpoints in 1992 study were chosen for ease of comparison with the results from the 1989 CDC Vietnam Experience Study reproductive outcome results. Many of the outcomes in the 1992 report were included under broader variables analyzed for the 1984 and 1998 reports.

Areas in gray indicate that either an endpoint was not analyzed for a particular cycle or that it was unclear from the cycle report if an endpoint was analyzed. Gray areas do not indicate that an endpoint was not measured or recorded for a particular cycle.

aData collected at Cycle 1 (1982). No outcomes verified.

bData collected in 1982, 1985, and 1987.

cBirth defect had to match description on predetermined list to be included in analyses at the baseline.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B Air Force Health Study Data." Institute of Medicine. 2006. Disposition of the Air Force Health Study. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11590.
×

TABLE B-14 Laboratory Analyses

Cycle

1

2

3

4

5

6

Examination Year

1982

1985

1987

1992

1997

2002

Hematology

 

Cell Count/Indices

X

X

X

X

X

X

WBC

X

X

X

X

X

X

RBC

X

X

X

X

X

X

RDW

X

X

X

X

 

HGB

X

X

X

X

X

X

Hematocrit

X

X

X

X

X

X

MCV

X

X

X

X

X

X

MCH

X

X

X

X

X

X

MCHC

X

X

X

X

X

X

PLT

X

X

X

X

X

X

Differential

X

X

X

X

X

X

Neutrophils

X

X

X

X

X

X

LYMPH

X

X

X

X

X

X

MONO

X

X

X

X

X

X

EOS

X

X

X

X

X

X

BANDS

X

X

X

X

X

X

BASO

X

X

X

X

X

X

BLAST

X

X

X

X

X

X

RBC morphology

 

X

X

X

X

X

Platelet observation

 

X

X

X

X

X

Cells counted

X

X

X

X

X

X

Absolute differential

 

ABS SEGS

 

X

X

X

X

X

ABS BANDS

X

X

X

X

X

ABS LYMPHS

X

X

X

X

X

ABS MONOS

X

X

X

X

X

ABS EOS

X

X

X

X

X

ABS BASOS

X

X

X

X

X

RPR/VDRL/FTA

X

X

X

X

X

X

ESR

X

X

X

X

X

X

Glucose, 2HR PP

X

X

X

X

X

X

Prothrombin time

X

X

X

X

X

X

Chemistry Routine

 

BUN

X

X

X

X

X

X

Glucose fasting

X

X

X

X

X

X

Cholesterol

X

X

X

X

X

X

HDL cholesterol

X

X

X

X

X

X

Triglycerides

X

X

X

X

X

X

SGOT/AST

X

X

X

X

X

X

SGPT/ALT

X

X

X

X

X

X

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B Air Force Health Study Data." Institute of Medicine. 2006. Disposition of the Air Force Health Study. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11590.
×

Cycle

1

2

3

4

5

6

Examination Year

1982

1985

1987

1992

1997

2002

Gamma GT

X

X

X

X

X

X

Alkaline phosphatase

X

X

X

X

X

X

Total LDH

X

X

X

X

X

X

Creatinine serum

X

 

X

X

X

Creatine kinase

X

X

X

X

X

X

Amylase

 

X

X

X

X

X

Total bilirubin

X

X

X

X

X

X

Direct bilirubin

X

X

X

X

X

X

Chemistry Miscellaneous

 

FSH

X

X

X

X

X

X

LH

X

X

X

X

X

X

Testosterone, free

 

X

X

X

Testosterone, total

X

X

X

X

X

X

Sex hormone binding globulin

 

X

 

Estradiol

 

X

X

X

T4, free

 

X

T4, RIA

X

X

X

X

X

 

T3, free

 

X

T3, uptake

X

X

X

 

TSH

X

X

X

X

X

X

FTI

X

 

PSA

 

X

X

X

Insulin, fasting

 

X

Glucagon @ 2 hr

 

X

 

X

Insulin, serum @ 2 hr

 

X

X

X

Glycated hemoglobin

 

X

X

X

C Peptide, serum

 

X

 

X

ACTH, serum

 

X

 

Uric acid

 

X

Urinalysis Routine

 

Color

X

X

X

X

X

X

Character

X

X

X

X

X

X

Glucose

X

X

X

X

X

X

pH

X

X

X

X

X

X

Ketone

X

X

X

X

X

X

Protein

X

X

X

X

X

X

Bile

X

X

X

X

X

X

Occult blood

X

 

X

Urobilinogen

X

X

X

X

X

X

Specific gravity

X

X

X

X

X

X

Epithelial cells

X

X

X

X

X

X

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B Air Force Health Study Data." Institute of Medicine. 2006. Disposition of the Air Force Health Study. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11590.
×

Cycle

1

2

3

4

5

6

Examination Year

1982

1985

1987

1992

1997

2002

Urinalysis Routine

 

Bacteria

X

X

X

X

X

X

Mucus

X

X

X

X

X

X

WBC/HPF

X

X

X

X

X

X

Casts

 

X

X

X

X

X

Crystals

X

X

X

X

X

RBC

X

X

X

X

X

Nitrites

X

X

X

X

X

Leukocyte esterase

 

X

X

Other

 

X

X

X

Comments

X

X

X

X

X

X

Glucose, urine 2 hr

X

X

X

X

X

X

Urine 24 hr

 

Coproporphyrin

X

X

 

Uroporphyrin

X

X

Porphobilinogen

X

X

Heptacarboxyporphyrins

 

X

Hexacarboxyporphyrins

X

Pentacarboxyporphyrins

X

Creatinine

X

 

Aminolevulinic Acid

X

Comments

X

X

Cortisol Differential

 

Cortisol 1

X

X

 

Cortisol 2

X

X

Protein Electrophoresis

 

Total protein

X

X

X

 

Prealbumin

 

X

X

X

Albumin

X

X

X

X

X

X

Alpha 1 globulin

X

X

X

X

X

X

Alpha 2 globulin

X

X

X

X

X

X

Beta globulin

X

X

X

X

X

X

Gamma globulin

X

X

X

X

X

X

IGA

X

X

X

X

X

X

IGG

X

X

X

X

X

X

IGM

X

X

X

X

X

X

Protein Profile

 

Alpha 1 acid glycoprotein

 

X

X

X

X

Alpha 1 antitrypsin

X

X

X

X

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B Air Force Health Study Data." Institute of Medicine. 2006. Disposition of the Air Force Health Study. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11590.
×

Cycle

1

2

3

4

5

6

Examination Year

1982

1985

1987

1992

1997

2002

Alpha 2 macroglobulin

 

X

X

X

X

Apolipoprotein B

X

X

X

X

C3 complement

X

X

X

X

C4 complement

X

X

X

X

Haptoglobin

X

X

X

X

Transferrin

X

X

X

X

HI-RES Electrophoresis

 

High-resolution bands

 

IGG-Kappa

 

X

 

IGG-Lambda

X

IGG-No light chain

X

IGA-Kappa

X

IGA-Lambda

X

IGA-No light chain

X

IGM-Kappa

X

IGM-Lambda

X

IGM-No light chain

X

KAPPA-No heavy chain

X

LAMBDA-No heavy chain

X

Hepatitis Panel

 

HA Antibody

X

 

X

X

X

X

HBs Antigen

X

X

X

X

X

X

HBc Antibody

X

 

X

X

X

X

HBs Antibody

X

X

X

X

X

X

HC Antibody

 

X

X

X

HD Antibody

 

X

X

HIV-1 ELISA Screen

 

X

X

X

X

Semen Analysis

 

Total count

X

 

Volume

X

Abnormal forms

X

Immunology

 

Mixed lymphocyte RX

 

X

X

 

Cell surface markers

X

X

Killer cell no interferon

X

X

Killer cell interferon

X

X

Mitogen PHA stimulate

X

X

Mitogen pokweed stimulation

X

X

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B Air Force Health Study Data." Institute of Medicine. 2006. Disposition of the Air Force Health Study. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11590.
×

Cycle

1

2

3

4

5

6

Examination Year

1982

1985

1987

1992

1997

2002

Lymphocyte Phenotyping Panel

 

WBC count

 

X

X

X

% Lymphocytes

X

X

X

Absolute lymphocytes

X

X

X

C45 total lymph (CD14–)

X

X

X

CD14 monocytes

X

X

X

Absolute CD14

X

 

CD20 B cells

X

Absolute CD20

X

X

X

CD5 T cells

X

X

X

Absolute CD5

X

 

Absolute CD20 and CD5+

X

CD4 helper T cells

X

Absolute CD4

X

X

X

CD4+CD3

X

X

X

Absolute CD4+CD3

 

X

X

CD8 suppressor T cells

X

X

Absolute CD8

X

X

X

CD4+ & CD8+

X

X

X

Absolute CD4+ & CD8+

X

 

Ratio CD4/CD8

X

CD8+CD3

X

Absolute CD8+CD3

 

X

X

CD3 T cells

 

X

X

Absolute CD3

X

X

X

CD16/56 NK cells

X

X

X

Absolute CD16/56

X

X

X

CD3+ & CD16/56+NK-like T cells

X

X

X

Absolute CD3+ & CD16/56+

X

 

CD25 IL-2 receptor cells

X

Absolute CD25

X

CD25+ & CD3+ activated T cells

X

Absolute CD25+ & CD3+

X

(CD4 + CD8)/CD3

X

(CD3 + CD20 + CD16)/CD45

X

Occult Blood Panel—Fecal

 

Occult blood 1

 

X

 

Occult blood 2

X

Occult blood 3

X

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B Air Force Health Study Data." Institute of Medicine. 2006. Disposition of the Air Force Health Study. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11590.
×

Cycle

1

2

3

4

5

6

Examination Year

1982

1985

1987

1992

1997

2002

Mouse Stomach/Kidney Lupus Panel

 

Antinuclear AB

 

X

X

Antimitochondrial AB

 

X

X

X

Antismooth Muscle AB

X

X

X

Antiparietal Cell AB

X

X

X

MSK other

X

 

Thyroid microsomal AB

X

X

X

Rheumatoid factor latex

X

X

X

ANA on HEP-2 Cells

 

Hep-2 cells

 

X

 

Speckled

X

Homogenous

X

Nucleolar

X

Centromere

X

ANA Hep-2 other

X

DNA antibodies (IFA)

X

Anti Sm

X

Anti RNP

X

SSA antibody

X

SSB antibody

X

Lymphocyte phenotyping panel

X

X

X

Islet cell antibody

X

X

X

T-Cell clone

 

X

Anti-thyroid antibody

X

 

X

Fibrinogen

 

X

X

Microalbumin

 

Microalbumin screen

 

X

Urine creatinine

X

Microalbumin quantity

X

Ratio

X

Diabetes Panel

 

Hemoglobin A1c

 

X

Islet Cell AB

X

GAD Ab

X

C-Peptide

X

Proinsulin

X

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B Air Force Health Study Data." Institute of Medicine. 2006. Disposition of the Air Force Health Study. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11590.
×

TABLE B-15 Covariate Data Collected (Nonexhaustive List)

Age (years) (MIL)

Aminodiphenyl exposure (Q)

Anthracene exposure (Q)

Arsenic exposure (Q)

Asbestos exposure (Q)

Average lifetime residential history (Q)

Benzene exposure (Q)

Benzidene exposure (Q)

Body fat (percentage) (PE)

Body mass index (kg/m2) (PE)

Chloromethylether exposure (Q)

Cholesterol (mg/dl) (LAB)

Chromate exposure (Q)

Coal tar exposure (Q)

Combat service (MIL)

Compliance to dietary restrictions (PE)

Composite carcinogen exposure (Q)

Composite exposure to heavy metals (Q)

Composite skin-reaction index (Q)

Creosote exposure (Q)

Cumulative degreasing chemical exposure (Q)

Cumulative herbicide exposure (Q)

Cumulative industrial chemical exposure (Q)

Cumulative insecticide exposure (Q)

Cumulative ionizing radiation exposure (Q)

Current alcohol use (drinks/day) (Q)

Current cigarette smoking (cigarettes/day) (Q)

Current employment

Current marital status (Q)

Current occupation (Q)

Current parental status (Q)

Current total household income (dollars) (Q)

Current wine consumption (drinks of wine/day) (Q)

Cutting oil exposure (Q)

Diabetes status (Q/LAB/MRV)

Diabetic severity (MRV)

Duration of diabetes (years) (LAB/MRV)

Ethnic background (Q)

Eye color (PE)

Family history of diabetes (Q)

Family history of heart disease (Q)

Family history of heart disease before age 45 (Q)

Hair color (PE)

Lifetime alcohol history (drink-years) (Q)

Lifetime cigarette smoking history (pack-years) (Q)

Lifetime wine history (drink-years of wine) (Q)

Maternal age (refers to partner in reproductive evaluation) (Q)

Maternal drinking habits (refers to partner in reproductive evaluation) (Q)

Maternal smoking (refers to partner in reproductive evaluation) (Q)

Military occupation (MIL)

Mustard gas exposure (Q)

Naphthyamine exposure (Q)

Nonmedical X ray (Q)

Personality type (PE)

Physical activity index (kcal/kg/day) (Q)

Presence of pre-SEA acne (Q)

Presence of PTSD (Q)

Race (MIL)

Skin color (PE)

Skin reaction to sun after first exposure (Q)

Skin reaction to sun after repeated exposure (Q)

Taking blood pressure medication (Q)

Time of conception relative to SEA tour (refers to reproductive evaluation) (Q/MRV)

Trichloroethylene exposure (Q)

UV light exposure (nonsolar) (Q)

Vinyl chloride exposure (Q)

Waist-to-hip ratio (PE)

NOTES: Data sources: (Q) questionnaires; (PE) physical examination; (LAB) laboratory tests; (MRV) medical records verified; (MIL) military records.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B Air Force Health Study Data." Institute of Medicine. 2006. Disposition of the Air Force Health Study. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11590.
×

TABLE B-16 AFHS Questionnaire Data

Cycle

Subject Areas

1

Subject

Demographic

Employment history

Marital/reproductive history

Medical history

Substance abuse history

Psychological history

Exposure to toxic substances

Income

Spouse

Demographic

Reproductive history

Substance abuse history

Next of Kin (Proxy)

Demographic

Employment history

Marital/reproductive history

Medical history

Substance abuse history

Leisure activities

Mortality data

Additions to Interval Questionnaires

2

Subject

Skin cancer

Personality type

Birth marks

Smoking habits

Drinking habits

3

Subject

Detailed drinking history

Sleep disorders

Interviewer remarks section addeda

4

Subject

Occupational exposures (heavy metals and vibrating power tools)

Family health history (with particular reference to diabetes, heart trouble, and heart disease)

Diabetes history (type, treatment received, and medications taken)

Hepatitis B vaccination history

Intermittent claudication and vascular insufficiency history

Normal physical activity level

Dietary surveyb

5

Subject

Percentage of herbicide spraying missions flown

Intentional herbicide ingestion

6

Subject

Drinking history 2 weeks prior to physical exam

Current personal relationships

Employment history 1 week prior to physical exam

Children under 18 living at home (including children, grandchildren, stepchildren, foster or adopted children)

History of mission volunteerism in SEA

aThis section was added to the baseline questionnaire.

bThe dietary survey was developed by Walter Willett at Harvard University and administered at the Cycle 4 follow-up only.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B Air Force Health Study Data." Institute of Medicine. 2006. Disposition of the Air Force Health Study. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11590.
×

REFERENCES

AFHS. 1984. An Epidemiologic Investigation of Health Effects in Air Force Personnel Following Exposure to Herbicides. Baseline Morbidity Study Results. Brooks AFB, TX: USAF School of Aerospace Medicine. NTIS AD-A-138-340.

AFHS. 1987. An Epidemiologic Investigation of Health Effects in Air Force Personnel Following Exposure to Herbicides. First Follow-up Examination Results. 2 vols. Brooks AFB, TX: USAF School of Aerospace Medicine. USAFSAM-TR-87-27.

AFHS. 1990. An Epidemiologic Investigation of Health Effects in Air Force Personnel Following Exposure to Herbicides. 2 vols. Brooks AFB, TX: USAF School of Aerospace Medicine. USAFSAM-TR-90-2.

AFHS. 1992. An Epidemiologic Investigation of Health Effects in Air Force Personnel Following Exposure to Herbicides. Reproductive Outcomes. Brooks AFB, TX: Armstrong Laboratory. AL-TR-1992-0090.

AFHS. 1993. An Epidemiologic Investigation of Health Effects in Air Force Personnel Following Exposure to Herbicides. Mortality Update: 1993. Brooks AFB, TX: Armstrong Laboratory. AL/ AO-TR-1993-0161.

AFHS. 1995. An Epidemiologic Investigation of Health Effects in Air Force Personnel Following Exposure to Herbicides. 1992 Followup Examination Results. Brooks AFB, TX: Epidemiologic Research Division. Armstrong Laboratory. AL-TR-920107.

AFHS. 1998. An Epidemiologic Investigation of Health Effects in Air Force Personnel Following Exposure to Herbicides. Reproductive Outcome Update. Brooks AFB, TX: Epidemiologic Research Division. Armstrong Laboratory. AFRL-HE-BR-TR-1998-0073.

AFHS. 2000. An Epidemiologic Investigation of Health Effects in Air Force Personnel Following Exposure to Herbicides. 1997 Follow-up Examination Results. Brooks AFB, TX: Human Systems Program Office. Armstrong Laboratory. AFRL-HE-BR-TR-2000-02.

AFHS. 2005. An Epidemiologic Investigation of Health Effects in Air Force Personnel Following Exposure to Herbicides. 2002 Followup Examination Results. Brooks AFB, TX: Epidemiologic Research Division. Armstrong Laboratory. AFRL-HE-BR-SR-2005-0003.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B Air Force Health Study Data." Institute of Medicine. 2006. Disposition of the Air Force Health Study. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11590.
×
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Next: Appendix C Epidemiological Studies of Vietnam Veterans Health »
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The Vietnam War was fought in a jungle environment that provided cover to the enemy and made battlefield observations difficult, so military strategists used herbicides to remove foliage along key roads and waterways, defoliate areas surrounding enemy bases and supply and communications routes, and improve visibility in heavily canopied forests. The last three decades have seen an ongoing debate about the effects of this military use of herbicides and the potential adverse long-term health effects on those who may have been exposed to these herbicides.

In response to these concerns, the Air Force Health Study (AFHS) was created to investigate the potential relationship between the herbicides used and the health problems of those exposed. Disposition of the Air Force Health Study assesses the scientific merit of the AFHS operations and procedures, and makes recommendations for improvement.

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