tices. Chapter 4 describes a practical, tiered approach for regulatory agencies to make risk-informed changes under their existing authorities, relying on congressional remedies only when necessary. The committee distinguishes between the current “patchwork” approach of regulating, when the need arises, new or altered waste streams according to the enterprise that produced them, and the committee’s suggested “tiered” approach in which regulatory changes are directed toward controlling wastes according to their intrinsic radiological properties—their appropriate level of control being determined through a risk-informed process in each instance.

Because implementing a risk-informed system is not the sole responsibility of regulators, Chapter 4 also describes responsibilities and opportunities for industry and public stakeholders in implementing the system. The concepts and approaches set out in Chapters 3 and 4 provide the basis for a developing an integrated LAW strategy, which the committee recommends in Chapter 5 along with other recommendations for improving the current system.