EXPLORING THE ROLE OF ANTIVIRAL DRUGS IN THE ERADICATION OF POLIO
WORKSHOP REPORT
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NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This study was supported by Contract No. CDC-200-2000-00629 between the National Academy of Sciences and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Contract No. HQ/05/076671 between the National Academy of Sciences and the World Health Organization (WHO). The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the CDC or the WHO, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
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Cover: Upper left: Three-dimensional image of a poliovirus virion produced using an electron microscope and X-ray crystallography (courtesy of Robert Grant, Stéphane Crainic, and James Hogle, Harvard Medical School). Center: Egyptian stele with the first-known depiction of a polio victim (courtesy of Ny Carlsbert Glyptotek, Copehnagen), superimposed on the genetic sequence of the poliovirus (courtesy of Eckard Wimmer, State University of New York, Stonybrook).
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COMMITTEE ON DEVELOPMENT OF A POLIO ANTIVIRAL AND ITS POTENTIAL ROLE IN GLOBAL POLIOMYELITIS ERADICATION
SAMUEL L. KATZ (Chair),
Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
RAUL ANDINO,
University of California, San Francisco
DIANE JOSEPH-MCCARTHY,
Wyeth Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
JOHN F. MODLIN,
Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire
NEAL NATHANSON,
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia
RICHARD J. WHITLEY,
University of Alabama, Birmingham
ECKARD WIMMER,
Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York
Staff
ANN H. REID, Study Director
FRANCES E. SHARPLES, Director,
Board on Life Sciences
JOSEPH C. LARSEN, Postdoctoral Research Associate
ANNE F. JURKOWSKI, Program Assistant
BOARD ON LIFE SCIENCES
COREY S. GOODMAN (Chair),
Renovis, Inc., South San Francisco, California
ANN M. ARVIN,
Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
JEFFREY L. BENNETZEN,
University of Georgia, Athens
RUTH BERKELMAN,
Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
DEBORAH BLUM,
University of Wisconsin, Madison
R. ALTA CHARO,
University of Wisconsin, Madison
DENNIS CHOI,
Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania
JEFFREY L. DANGL,
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
PAUL R. EHRLICH,
Stanford University, Stanford, California
JAMES M. GENTILE,
Research Corporation, Tucson, Arizona
JO HANDELSMAN,
University of Wisconsin, Madison
ED HARLOW,
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
DAVID HILLIS,
University of Texas, Austin, Texas
KENNETH H. KELLER,
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
RANDALL MURCH,
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Alexandria
GREGORY A. PETSKO,
Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts
STUART L. PIMM,
Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
JAMES TIEDJE,
Michigan State University, East Lansing
KEITH YAMAMOTO,
University of California, San Francisco
Staff
FRANCES E. SHARPLES, Director
KERRY A. BRENNER, Senior Program Officer
MARILEE K. SHELTON-DAVENPORT, Senior Program Officer
EVONNE P. Y. TANG, Senior Program Officer
ROBERT T. YUAN, Senior Program Officer
ADAM P. FAGEN, Program Officer
ANN H. REID, Program Officer
DENISE GROSSHANS, Financial Associate
ANNE F. JURKOWSKI, Program Assistant
TOVA JACOBOVITS, Program Assistant
Acknowledgments
THIS REPORT IS A PRODUCT of the cooperation and contributions of many people. The committee would like to thank all the speakers and participants who attended the Workshop on Development of a Polio Antiviral and Its Potential Role in Global Poliomyelitis Eradication on November 1-2, 2005, and others who provided information and input.
This report has been reviewed in draft form by persons chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council’s Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards of objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following for their review of this report:
Craig Cameron, Pennsylvania State University
Walter Dowdle, The Task Force for Child Survival and Development
Christopher D. Earl, BIO Ventures for Global Health
Diane E. Griffin, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
James M. Hogle, Harvard Medical School
Karla Kirkegaard, Stanford University School of Medicine
Amy K. Patick, Pfizer
Bert L. Semler, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine
P. Frederick Sparling, University of North Carolina School of Medicine
Although the reviewers listed above have provided constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the conclusions or recommendations, nor did they see the final draft of the report before its release. The review of this report was overseen by Donald S. Burke of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and Nicole Lurie of the RAND Corporation. Appointed by the National Research Council, they were responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the author committee and the institution.