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Preventing Medication Errors
data standardization role, 324
recommendations for, 12 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 192 , 274 , 275 , 288 , 310 –311
Alerts and alert systems
current technology, 287
false alerts and overrides, 20 , 251 –252 , 293 –294
intelligent prompting, 295 –297
scope of, 287
severity ranking, 293 , 294
standardization, 288 , 293 –295
See also Computerized drug event monitors;
Computerized provider order entry
Allergic reactions
clinical decision support to prevent, 246
prescribing errors, 71
preventable ADEs in hospitals, 119
Ambulatory care
costs of medication errors in, 5 –6 , 131 , 132
electronic prescribing in, 14 , 253
incidence of medication errors, 108 , 112 –114 , 124 , 314 , 384 –392 , 396 –397
information resources in, 206
medical record keeping in, 387 –388
medication administration in, 429
medication error detection in, 244
medication therapy management in, 429 –430
opportunities for patient consultation, 173 –174
overutilization of medications in, 128
patient monitoring in, 323 , 387
pediatric, 396 –397
preventable ADEs in, 5 , 124
prevention research, 319 –320
research needs, 21 , 314 , 323
strategies for reducing errors in, 428 –430
underutilization of medications in, 127 –128
American Academy of Pediatrics, 29 , 434
American Hospital Association, 160
American Medical Association, 410
American Medical Informatics Association, 343 –344
American Nurses Association, 410
American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 29 , 429
American Society of Hospital Pharmacists, 410
Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation, 296
Anesthesiology, 296 –297 , 301
Anti-anxiety drugs, 421 –422
Antibiotic medications, 71 , 84 , 125 , 126 , 128 , 373 , 375
Anticoagulant therapy, 88 –89 , 125 , 249 , 270 , 313 –314 , 382
Aspirin, 31 , 270
Associated in Process Improvement, 157
Atrial fibrillation, 125 , 127 , 382
Automated dispensing systems
effectiveness, 251 , 418
implementation, 334
linkages among automated and computerized systems, 252 , 287
overrides of warnings, 252
purpose, 30 , 77 –78
B
Bacterial infection prophylaxis, 125 , 126.
See also Antibiotic medications
Bar coding, 413
alert systems, 287 , 293 –294
error prevention efficacy, 6 , 413
Food and Drug Administration rules, 297 –298
future prospects, 298 –299
linkages among automated and computerized systems, 252 , 287
in nursing home medication use, 252 –253
purpose, 14 , 30 , 81 , 250 –251
regulatory requirements, 280
research needs, 318 , 319
standardization, 288 , 291 , 297 –299
use interface, 300 –301
Best Pharmaceuticals Act for Children, 268
Biologic Licensing Application, 59
Biologic products, 35
Blood and blood products, 35
Brand name drugs, 277 , 278
Bridges to Excellence, 331
Bronchitis, 128
C
Cancer treatment, 164
Caregivers
error risk, 116 , 186
incidence of pediatric medication errors, 314 –315