National Academies Press: OpenBook
« Previous: 6 Resource Issues
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. Overcoming Challenges to Develop Countermeasures Against Aerosolized Bioterrorism Agents: Appropriate Use of Animal Models. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11640.
×

References

Abrami L, Reig N, van der Goot FG. 2005. Anthrax toxin: the long and winding road that leads to the kill. Trends Microbiol 13(2):72-8.

Adamovicz J, Andrews G. 2005. Plague vaccines: Retrospective analysis and future developments. Lindler L, Editor. Biological Weapons Defense: Infectious Diseases and Counterbioterrorism. 2nd ed. Totowa, NJ: Human Press, Inc.

Advance Research Technologies, C and GE Healthcare. eXplore Optix System. Available online at http://www.art.ca/en/products/sami_system.html [accessed September 2005].

Albrink WS, Goodlow RJ. 1959. Experimental inhalation anthrax in the chimpanzee. Am J Pathol 35:1055-65.

American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. 2005. 2005 TLVs® and BEIs®. Cincinnati, OH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists.

Beck SE, Laube BL, Barberena CI, Fischer AC, Adams RJ, Chesnut K, Flotte TR, Guggino WB. 2002. Deposition and expression of aerosolized rAAV vectors in the lungs of rhesus macaques. Mol Ther 6(4):546-54.

Becquemin MH, Swift DL, Bouchikhi A, Roy M, Teillac A. 1991. Particle deposition and resistance in the noses of adults and children. Eur Respir J 4(6):694-702.

Birchall A, Baily MR, James AC. 1991. LUDEP: a lung dose evaluation program. Radn Protn Doism 38:167-74.

Brain JD, Knudson DE, Sorokin SP, Davis MA. 1976. Pulmonary distribution of particles given by intratracheal instillation or by aerosol inhalation. Environ Res 11(1):13-33.

Brey RN. 2005. Molecular basis for improved anthrax vaccines. Adv Drug Deliv

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. Overcoming Challenges to Develop Countermeasures Against Aerosolized Bioterrorism Agents: Appropriate Use of Animal Models. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11640.
×

Rev 57(9):1266-92.

Brittingham KC, Ruthel G, Panchal RG, Fuller CL, Ribot WJ, Hoover TA, Young HA, Anderson AO, Bavari S. 2005. Dendritic cells endocytose Bacillus anthracis spores: implications for anthrax pathogenesis. J Immunol 174(9):5545-52.

Brown JS, Wilson WE, Grant LD. 2005. Dosimetric comparisons of particle deposition and retention in rats and humans. Inhal Toxicol 17(7-8):355-85.

Biological Weapons Convention (BWC). 2004. List of States Parties to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction as at December 2004. Available online at http://www.opbw.org/new_process/msp2004/BWC_MSP_2004_Inf.2_E.pdf [accessed September 2005].

Burn JH, Finney DJ, Goodwin LG. 1950. Biological Standardization. 2 ed. London: Oxford University Press.

Casadevall A, Pirofski LA. 1999. Host-pathogen interactions: redefining the basic concepts of virulence and pathogenicity. Infect Immun 67(8):3703-13.

Cassell GJ. 2002. Countermeasures to biological threats: the challenge of drug development. National Research Council. Biological Threats and Terrorism: Assessing the Science and Response Capabilities: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Centers for Disease Control (CDC), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). 1999. Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL). 4 ed. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.

Chen D-R, Pui DYH, Kaufman SL. 1995. Electrospraying of conducting liquids for monodisperse aerosol generation in the 4 nm to 1.8 μm diameter range. J Aerosol Sci 26(6):963-77.

Contag CH, Bachmann MH. 2002. Advances in in vivo bioluminescence imaging of gene expression. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 4:235-60.

Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). 2005. Budget in Brief -Fiscal Year 2006. Available online at http://www.hhs.gov/budget/06budget/FY2006BudgetinBrief.pdf [accessed September 28, 2005].

Dixon WJ, Mood AM. 1948. A method for obtaining and analyzing sensitivity data. J Am Stat Assoc. 43: 109-126.

Dunbar CA, Hickey AJ, Holzner P. 1998. Dispersion and characterization of pharmaceutical dry powder aerosols. KONA 16:7-45.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1996. Air Quality Criteria for Particulate Matter Volume III. Washington, DC.

Ezzell JW, Ivins BE, Leppla SH. 1984. Immunoelectrophoretic analysis, toxicity, and kinetics of in vitro production of the protective antigen and lethal factor components of Bacillus anthracis toxin. Infect Immun 45(3):761-7.

Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2002. Draft Guidance for Industry:

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. Overcoming Challenges to Develop Countermeasures Against Aerosolized Bioterrorism Agents: Appropriate Use of Animal Models. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11640.
×

Inhalational Anthrax (Post-exposure) - Developing Antimicrobial Drugs. Available online at http://www.fda.gov/cder/guidance/4848dft.htm [accessed September 2005].

Feder PI, Hobson DW, Olson CT, Joiner RL, Matthews MC. 1991a. Stagewise, adaptive dose allocation for quantal response dose-response studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 15(1):109-14.

Feder PI, Olson CT, Hobson DW, Matthews MC. 1991b. Statistical analysis of dose-response experiments by maximum likelihood analysis and iteratively reweighted nonlinear least squares techniques. Drug Inf J 25:323-34.

Feder PI, Olson CT, Hobson DW, Matthews MC, Joiner RL. 1991c. Stagewise, group sequential experimental designs for quantal responses. one-sample and two-sample comparisons. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 15(1):129-33.

Fellows PF, Linscott MK, Ivins BE, Pitt ML, Rossi CA, Gibbs PH, Friedlander AM. 2001. Efficacy of a human anthrax vaccine in guinea pigs, rabbits, and rhesus macaques against challenge by Bacillus anthracis isolates of diverse geographical origin. Vaccine 19(23-24):3241-7.

Flick-Smith HC, Waters EL, Walker NJ, Miller J, Stagg AJ, Green M, Williamson ED. 2005. Mouse model characterisation for anthrax vaccine development: Comparison of one inbred and one outbred mouse strain. Microb Pathog 38(1):33-40.

Foster WM, Walters DM, Longphre M, Macri K, Miller LM. 2001. Methodology for the measurement of mucociliary function in the mouse by scintigraphy. J Appl Physiol 90(3):1111-7.

Friedlander AM, Welkos SL, Pitt MLM, Ezzell JW, Worsham PL, Rose KJ, Ivins BE, Lowe JR, Howe GB, Mikesell P and others. 1993. Postexposure prophylaxis against experimental inhalation anthrax. J Infect Dis 167:1239-42.

Fritz DL, Jaax NK, Lawrence WB, Davis KJ, Pitt MLM, Ezzell JW, Friedlander AM. 1995. Pathology of experimental inhalation anthrax in the rhesus monkey. Lab Invest 73(5):691-702.

Gelfand AS, Larsen GL, Loader JE, Graves JP, Fan LL, Colasurdo GN. 1997. Effect of aspiration of milk on mechanisms of neural control in the airways of developing rabbits. Pediatr Pulmonol 23(3):198-204.

Glassman HN. 1966. Discussion: industrial inhalation anthrax. Bacteriol Rev 30(3):657-9.

Hafner K, Lyon M. 1996. Where Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins of the Internet. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.

Haigwood NL. 2004. Predictive value of primate models for AIDS. AIDS Rev 6(4):187-98.

Harkema JR. 1990. Comparative pathology of the nasal mucosa in laboratory animals exposed to inhaled irritants. Environ Health Perspect 85:231-8.

Hartings JM, Roy CJ. 2004. The automated bioaerosol exposure system: preclinical platform development and a respiratory dosimetry application with nonhuman primates. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 49(1):39-55.

Henderson DW. 1952. An apparatus for the study of airborne infection. J Hyg

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. Overcoming Challenges to Develop Countermeasures Against Aerosolized Bioterrorism Agents: Appropriate Use of Animal Models. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11640.
×

(Lond) 50:53-68.

Hinds WC. 1999. Aerosol Technology: Properties, behavior, and measurements of airborne particles. 2 ed. New York: Wiley-Interscience.

Hinds WC, Kennedy NJ. 2000. An ion generator for neutralizing concentrated aerosols. Aerosol Sci Technol 32:214-20.

Hu SL. 2005. Non-human primate models for AIDS vaccine research. Curr Drug Targets Infect Disord 5(2):193-201.

International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). 1995. Human respiratory tract model for radiological protection. Ann ICRP (3-4):iii.

Ivins BE, Pitt ML, Fellows PF, Farchaus JW, Benner GE, Waag DM, Little SF, Anderson GW Jr, Gibbs PH, Friedlander AM. 1998. Comparative efficacy of experimental anthrax vaccine candidates against inhalation anthrax in rhesus macaques. Vaccine 16(11-12):1141-8.

Jahrling P, Hensley L, Martinez M, LeDuc J, Rubins K, Relman D, Huggins J. 2004. Exploring the potential of variola virus infection of cynomolgus macaques as a model for human smallpox. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101(42):15496-200.

Jarabek AM. 1995. The application of dosimetry models to identify key processes and parameters for default dose-response assessment approaches. Toxicol Lett 79(1-3):171-84.

Jarabek AM, Asgharian B, Miller FJ. 2005. Dosimetric adjustments for interspecies extrapolation of inhaled poorly soluble particles (PSP). Inhal Toxicol 17(7-8):317-34.

Jay SJ, Johanson WG Jr, Pierce AK, Reisch JS. 1976. Determinants of lung bacterial clearance in normal mice. J Clin Invest 57(4):811-7.

Ji JH, Bae GN, Hwang J. 2004. Characteristics of aerosol charge neutralizers for highly charged particles. J Aerosol Sci 35:1347-58.

Johnson E, Jaax N, White J, Jahrling P. 1995. Lethal experimental infections of rhesus monkeys by aerosolized ebola virus. Int J Exp Pathol 76(4):227-36.

Johnston JB, Olson ME, Rud EW, Power C. 2001. Xenoinfection of nonhuman primates by feline immunodeficiency virus. Curr Biol 11(14):1109-13.

Jones MN, Beedham RJ, Turnbull PCB, Fitzgeorge RB, Manchee RJ. 1985. Efficacy of the UK human anthrax vaccine in guinea pig aerosolised spores of Bacillus anthracis. Salisbury Med Bull 87:123-4.

Kelly JT, Bobbitt CM, Asgharian B. 2001. In vivo measurement of fine and coarse aerosol deposition in the nasal airways of female long-evans rats. Toxicol Sci 64(2):253-8.

Kennedy RC, Shearer MH, Hildebrand W. 1997. Nonhuman primate models to evaluate vaccine safety and immunogenicity. Vaccine 15(8):903-8.

Kiratisin P, Fukuda CD, Wong A, Stock F, Preuss JC, Ediger L, Brahmbhatt TN, Fischer SH, Fedorko DP, Witebsky FG and others. 2002. Large-scale screening of nasal swabs for Bacillus anthracis: Descriptive summary and discussion of the national institutes of health's experience. J Clin Microbiol 40(8):3012-6.

Lalor CB, Hickey AJ. 1997. Generation and characterization of aerosols for drug

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. Overcoming Challenges to Develop Countermeasures Against Aerosolized Bioterrorism Agents: Appropriate Use of Animal Models. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11640.
×

delivery to the lungs. Adjei A, Gupta PK, eds. Inhalation and Delivery of Therapeutic Peptides and Proteins. New York: Marcel Dekker. p 235-76.

Larsen GL, Loader J, Nguyen DD, Colasurdo GN. 2001. Mechanisms of cholinergic dysfunction in rabbits following recurrent aspiration of cow's milk. Pediatr Pulmonol 32(6):409-17.

Larson EW, Dominik JW, Slone TW. 1980. Aerosol stability and respiratory infectivity of Japanese B encephalitis virus. Infect Immun 30(2):397-401.

Laube BL. 2005. The expanding role of aerosols in systemic drug delivery, gene therapy, and vaccination. Respir Care 50(9):1161-76.

Leach LJ, Spiegl CJ, Wilson RH, Sylvester GE, Lauterbach KE. 1959. A multiple chamber exposure unit designed for chronic inhalation studies. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 20(1):13-22.

Levy JA. 1996. The value of primate models for studying human immunodeficiency virus pathogenesis. J Med Primatol 25(3):163-74.

Little SF, Ivins BE, Fellows PF, Pitt ML, Norris SL, Andrews GP. 2004. Defining a serological correlate of protection in rabbits for a recombinant anthrax vaccine. Vaccine 22(3-4):422-30.

Lodge, J.P., and T.L. Chan. 1986. Cascade Impactor: Sampling and Data Analysis, American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists, Akron, OH.

Louveau C, Descroix D, Garnier L, Delamanche I, Chavarot P, Ramisse F, Marchal G, Vergnaud G. 2005. A nose-only apparatus for airborne delivery of mycobacterium tuberculosis to mice: calibration of biological parameters. Microbes Infect 7(3):457-66.

Mainelis G, Berry D, An HR, Yao M, Devoe K, Fennell DE, Jaeger R. 2005. Design and performance of a single-pass bubbling bioaerosol generator. Atmos Environ 39(19):3521-33.

Manchester M, Rall GF. 2001. Model systems: transgenic mouse models for measles pathogenesis. Trends Microbiol 9(1):19-23.

Martonen TB, Zhang Z, Yue G, Musante CJ. 2003. Fine particle deposition within human nasal airways. Inhal Toxicol. 15(4):283-303.

May KR. 1973. The Collison nebulizer, description, performance, and applications. J Aerosol Sci 4:235-43.

McNeil DG. 2003 Feb 6. Drug tested in gulf war is approved for troops. The New York Times;A:23(1).

Méry S, Gross EA, Joyner DR, Godo M, Morgan KT. 1994. Nasal diagrams: a tool for recording the distribution of nasal lesions in rats and mice. Toxicol Pathol 22(4):353-72.

Miller LM, Foster WM, Dambach DM, Doebler D, McKinnon M, Killar L, Longphre M. 2002. A murine model of cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary inflammation using intranasally administered smoke-conditioned medium. Exp Lung Res 28(6):435-55.

Moberg LJ, Sugiyama H. 1980. The rat as an animal model for infant botulism. Infect Immun 29(2):819-21.

Morgan KT, Monticello TM. 1990. Airflow, gas deposition, and lesion

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. Overcoming Challenges to Develop Countermeasures Against Aerosolized Bioterrorism Agents: Appropriate Use of Animal Models. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11640.
×

distribution in the nasal passages. Environ Health Perspect 85:209-18.

Moss O, Cheng Y. 1995a. Atmospheres: particles and droplets. Henderson R, McClellan R, eds. Concepts in Inhalation Toxicology. 2nd ed. Washington, DC: Taylor & Francis. p 91-125.

Moss O, Cheng Y. 1995b. Inhalation Exposure Systems McClellan R, Henderson R, eds. Concepts in Inhalation Toxicology. 2nd ed. Washington, DC: Taylor & Francis.

National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) 1997. Bethesda, MD: NCRP. Report 125.

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). 2002. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. NIH Publication No. 03-5306.

Nicas M, Nazaroff WW, Hubbard A. 2005. Toward understanding the risk of secondary airborne infection: emission of respirable pathogens. J Occupa Environ Hyg 2(3):143-54.

National Research Council (NRC). 1998. The Psychological Well-Being of Nonhuman Primates. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Oldham MJ, Phalen RF. 2002. Dosimetry implications of upper tracheobronchial airway anatomy in two mouse varieties. Anat Rec 268(1):59-65.

Patterson JL, Carrion R Jr. 2005. Demand for nonhuman primate resources in the age of biodefense. ILAR Journal 46(1):15-22.

Phalen RF. 1984. Establishing and controlling exposure environments. Phalen RF, ed. Inhalation Studies: Foundations and Techniques. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p 88-9 & 107-115.

Phalen RF, Mannix RC, Drew RT. 1984. Inhalation exposure methodology. Environ Health Perspect 56:23-34.

Phipps AJ, Premanandan C, Barnewall RE, Lairmore MD. 2004. Rabbit and nonhuman primate models of toxin-targeting human anthrax vaccines. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 68(4):617-29.

Pitt ML, Little SF, Ivins BE, Fellows P, Barth J, Hewetson J, Gibbs P, Dertzbaugh M, Friedlander AM. 2001. In vitro correlate of immunity in a rabbit model of inhalational anthrax. Vaccine 19(32):4768-73.

Pitt MLM. 2005. Biology of Appropriate Dose in Animals vs. Humans. Workshop of the Committee on Animal Models for Testing Interventions Against Aerosolized Bioterrorism Agents Washington, DC.

Raabe OG, Al-Bagati MA, Teague SV, Rasolt A. 1988. Regional deposition of inhaled monodisperse coarse and fine aerosol particles in small laboratory animals. Ann Occup Hyg 32(Suppl. 1):53-63.

Raabe OG, Yeh H-C, Newton GJ, Phalen RF, Velasquez DJ. 1977. Deposition of inhaled monodisperse aerosols in small rodents. Walton WH, McGovern B, eds. Inhaled Particles. 4th ed. New York: Pergammon Press. p 3-33.

Robinson J, Beattie G. 2003. Nonhuman primate resource needs: a moving target. NRC. International Perspectives: The future of nonhuman primate resources. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. Overcoming Challenges to Develop Countermeasures Against Aerosolized Bioterrorism Agents: Appropriate Use of Animal Models. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11640.
×

Rotz LD, Khan AS, Lillibridge SR, Ostroff SM, Hughes JM. 2002. Public health assessment of potential biological terrorism agents. Volume 8.

Roy CJ, Hale M, Hartings JM, Pitt L, Duniho S. 2003. Impact of inhalation exposure modality and particle size on the respiratory deposition of Ricin in Balb/C Mice. Inhal Toxicol 15(6):619-38.

Rubsamen R. 1997. Novel aerosol peptide drug delivery systems. Adjei A, Gupta PK, eds. Inhalation Delivery of Therapeutic Peptides and Proteins. New York: Marcel Dekker.

Schlesinger RB. 1985. Comparative deposition of inhaled aerosols in experimental animals and humans: a review. J Toxicol Environ Health 15(2):197-214.

Shafazand S, Doyle R, Ruoss S, Weinacker A, Raffin TA. 1999. Inhalational anthrax: epidemiology, diagnosis, and management. Chest 116(5):1369-76.

Sibal LR, Samson KJ. 2001. Nonhuman primates: a critical role in current disease research. ILAR Journal 42(2):74-84.

Snipes, MB. 1994. Biokinetics of inhaled radionuclides. In: Internal Radiation Dosimetry. OG Raabe, ed. Madison, WI: Health Physics Society.

Steinbach WJ, Benjamin DK Jr, Trasi SA, Miller JL, Schell WA, Zaas AK, Foster WM, Perfect JR. 2004. Value of an inhalational model of invasive aspergillosis. Med Mycol 42(5):417-25.

Stober W, McClellan RO. 1997. Pulmonary retention and clearance of inhaled biopersistent aerosol particles: data-reducing interpolation models and models of physiologically based systems—a review of recent progress and remaining problems. Crit Rev Toxicol 27(6):539-98.

Subramaniam RP, Asgharian B, Freijer JI, Miller FJ, Anjilvel S. 2003. Analysis of lobar differences in particle deposition in the human lung. Inhal Toxicol 15(1):1-21.

Swift DL. 1993. Aerosol characterization and generation. Moren F, Dolovich MB, Newhouse MT, Newman SP, Editors. Aerosols in Medicine-Principles, Diagnosis, and Therapy. 2nd ed. ed. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier Science Publishers. p 78.

Tyler WS. 1983. Comparative subgross anatomy of lungs: pleuras, interlobular septa, and distal airways. Am Rev Respir Dis 128(2 Pt 2):S32-6.

Taylor E. 1999. Strengthening the biological weapons convention: Illusory benefits and nasty side effects. Policy Anal 355:1-16.

Toth LA. 2000. Defining the moribund condition as an experimental endpoint for animal research. ILAR Journal 41(2):72-9.

Ugwoke MI, Verbeke N, Kinget R. 2001. The biopharmaceutical aspects of nasal mucoadhesive drug delivery. J Pharm Pharmacol 53(1):3-21.

Vasconcelos D, Barnewall R, Babin M, Hunt R, Estep J, Nielsen C, Carnes R, Carney J. 2003. Pathology of inhalation anthrax in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Lab Invest 83(8):1201-9.

Vincent JH. 1995. Aerosol sampling in workplaces. Vincent JH, Ed. Aerosol Science for Industrial Hygienists. Tarrytown, NY: Elsevier Science, Inc. p 238-303.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. Overcoming Challenges to Develop Countermeasures Against Aerosolized Bioterrorism Agents: Appropriate Use of Animal Models. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11640.
×

Warwick R, Williams PL, eds. 1973. Gray's Anatomy. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company.

Weibel ER. 1963. Morphometry of the Human Lung. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Welkos S, Pitt ML, Martinez M, Friedlander A, Vogel P, Tammariello R. 2002. Determination of the virulence of the pigmentation-deficient and pigmentation-/plasminogen activator-deficient strains of Yersinia pestis in non-human primate and mouse models of pneumonic plague. Vaccine 20(17-18):2206-14.

Welkos SL, Keener TJ, Gibbs PH. 1986. Differences in susceptibility of inbred mice to Bacillus anthracis. Infect Immun 51(3):795-800.

Wolff RK. 1996. Experimental investigation of deposition and fate of particles: animal models and interspecies differences. Marijnissen JCM, Gradon L, eds. Aerosol Inhalation: Recent Research Frontiers. Norwell, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers. p 247-63.

Zaucha GM, Jahrling PB, Geisbert TW, Swearengen JR, Hensley L. 2001. The pathology of experimental aerosolized monkeypox virus infection in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Lab Invest 81(12):1581-600.

Zaucha GM, Pitt LM, Estep J, Ivins BE, Friedlander AM. 1998. The pathology of experimental anthrax in rabbits exposed by inhalation and subcutaneous inoculation. Arch Pathol Lab Med 122(11):982-92.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. Overcoming Challenges to Develop Countermeasures Against Aerosolized Bioterrorism Agents: Appropriate Use of Animal Models. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11640.
×
Page 51
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. Overcoming Challenges to Develop Countermeasures Against Aerosolized Bioterrorism Agents: Appropriate Use of Animal Models. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11640.
×
Page 52
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. Overcoming Challenges to Develop Countermeasures Against Aerosolized Bioterrorism Agents: Appropriate Use of Animal Models. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11640.
×
Page 53
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. Overcoming Challenges to Develop Countermeasures Against Aerosolized Bioterrorism Agents: Appropriate Use of Animal Models. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11640.
×
Page 54
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. Overcoming Challenges to Develop Countermeasures Against Aerosolized Bioterrorism Agents: Appropriate Use of Animal Models. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11640.
×
Page 55
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. Overcoming Challenges to Develop Countermeasures Against Aerosolized Bioterrorism Agents: Appropriate Use of Animal Models. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11640.
×
Page 56
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. Overcoming Challenges to Develop Countermeasures Against Aerosolized Bioterrorism Agents: Appropriate Use of Animal Models. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11640.
×
Page 57
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2006. Overcoming Challenges to Develop Countermeasures Against Aerosolized Bioterrorism Agents: Appropriate Use of Animal Models. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11640.
×
Page 58
Next: About the Authors »
Overcoming Challenges to Develop Countermeasures Against Aerosolized Bioterrorism Agents: Appropriate Use of Animal Models Get This Book
×
Buy Paperback | $29.00 Buy Ebook | $23.99
MyNAP members save 10% online.
Login or Register to save!
Download Free PDF

The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) gives the highest priority to developing countermeasures against bioterrorism agents that are highly infective when dispersed in aerosol form. Developing drugs to prevent or treat illnesses caused by bioterrorism agents requires testing their effectiveness in animals since human clinical trials would be unethical. At the request of NIAID, the National Academies conducted a study to examine how such testing could be improved. Overcoming Challenges to Develop Countermeasures Against Aerosolized Bioterrorism Agents provides recommendations to researchers on selecting the kinds of animal models, aerosol generators, and bioterrorism agent doses that would produce conditions that most closely mimic the disease process in humans. It also urges researchers to fully document experimental parameters in the literature so that studies can be reproduced and compared. The book recommends that all unclassified data on bioterrorism agent studies--including unclassified, unpublished data from U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID)--be published in the open literature. The book also calls on the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to improve the process by which bioterrorism countermeasures are approved based on the results of animal studies.

  1. ×

    Welcome to OpenBook!

    You're looking at OpenBook, NAP.edu's online reading room since 1999. Based on feedback from you, our users, we've made some improvements that make it easier than ever to read thousands of publications on our website.

    Do you want to take a quick tour of the OpenBook's features?

    No Thanks Take a Tour »
  2. ×

    Show this book's table of contents, where you can jump to any chapter by name.

    « Back Next »
  3. ×

    ...or use these buttons to go back to the previous chapter or skip to the next one.

    « Back Next »
  4. ×

    Jump up to the previous page or down to the next one. Also, you can type in a page number and press Enter to go directly to that page in the book.

    « Back Next »
  5. ×

    Switch between the Original Pages, where you can read the report as it appeared in print, and Text Pages for the web version, where you can highlight and search the text.

    « Back Next »
  6. ×

    To search the entire text of this book, type in your search term here and press Enter.

    « Back Next »
  7. ×

    Share a link to this book page on your preferred social network or via email.

    « Back Next »
  8. ×

    View our suggested citation for this chapter.

    « Back Next »
  9. ×

    Ready to take your reading offline? Click here to buy this book in print or download it as a free PDF, if available.

    « Back Next »
Stay Connected!