Research Personnel. For the next seven years, he worked at the Association of American Medical Colleges in the Division of Operational Studies (with the institutional and faculty databases) and in the Division of Biomedical Research, studying faculty career patterns and evaluating the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institutes (NHLBI) Pulmonary Academic Award Program (K07). At the NIH since 1982, Dr. Sherman was project officer for an evaluation of the Research Career Development Award (K04), supported the further development and use of the Consolidated Grant Applicant and Trainee and Fellow Files, and as project officer over-saw the National Research Council’s “Personnel Needs” contract for nine years until 1991. For the next 10 years, he was deputy director of the Office of Medical Applications of Research. Since returning to the Office of Science Policy, he has worked to manage the Evaluation Set-aside program and has had oversight responsibility for support of projects conducted for NIH by the National Academies. Dr. Sherman attended Dartmouth College and earned a Ph.D. in quantitative psychology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

Ralph Vogler, M.D., is the program director for clinical research, cancer control and epidemiology and leukemia, immunology, and blood cell research programs at the American Cancer Society. He is a member of American Society of Hematology, American Association for Cancer Research, American Society of Clinical Oncology, and International Society of Experimental Hematology. Before assuming his position at ACS, he served in the U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps as a National Cancer Institute (NCI) field investigator. He completed his residency in internal medicine at Emory University and joined the faculty of the Department of Hematology/Oncology at Emory University School of Medicine. He continued to serve there until 1955, when he assumed the position of emeritus professor. Dr. Vogler received his B.S. and M.D. degrees from Northwestern University.