NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.

This workshop was supported by the George and Cynthia Mitchell Endowment for Sustainability Science, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Office of Global Programs, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). This report is funded in part by contract number 50-DGNA-1-90024 task order 23 from NOAA and by purchase order NNH04PR34P from NASA. The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its subagencies. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project.