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Appendixes
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Appendix A
Biographical Sketches of
Committee Members and Staff
Joel L. Morrison, chair, is emeritus professor in the Department of Geog-
raphy at Ohio State University. Previously, he was director of Ohio State's
Center for Mapping and was chief of the Geography Division of the U.S.
Bureau of the Census, with a brief special assignment to the National Sci-
ence Foundation in the Geography and Regional Science Program of the
Social, Behavioral, and Economic Directorate. Dr. Morrison also was a
senior administrator at the U.S. Geological Survey. Dr. Morrison has been
active in the development of geospatial data standards, bringing together
diverse efforts within the United States to create the Spatial Data Transfer
Standard. As chairman of the International Cartographic Association's
Commission on Spatial Data Quality, he coauthored "Elements of Spatial
Data Quality." Dr. Morrison earned his B.A. cum laude from Miami Uni-
versity, Oxford, Ohio, in 1962; his M.S. in geography from the University
of Wisconsin-Madison in 1964; and his Ph.D. in Geography-Cartography
with a minor in statistics from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in
1968. He is the recipient of the Carl Mannerfeld Gold Medal from the
International Cartographic Association, the Meredith Burrell Award from
the Association of American Geographers, and the James Anderson
Award in Applied Geography. He is a former member of the National
Research Council's Mapping Sciences Committee.
John S. Adams is professor of geography at the Department of Geogra-
phy and professor of urban and regional planning at the University of
Minnesota. He is a leading population and urban geographer of the
United States and Eastern Europe, and has written extensively on the
69
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70 APPENDIX A
forces that shape large metropolitan areas and their consequences for
people within them. He also has been a pioneer in the spatial analysis of
population data for application in state and national policy making. He
has conducted policy research at the University of California, Berkeley,
the Bank of America World Headquarters in San Francisco, and taught at
several universities in Eastern Europe and Russia. His current research
includes exploring the dynamics of the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropoli-
tan region, sponsored and financed by the Minnesota Department of
Transportation, the Metropolitan Council, and the University of
Minnesota's Center for Transportation Studies, and carried out with a
team of graduate students in geography. He received a B.A. in economics
(1960) and an M.A. in economics (1962) from the University of St. Thomas
(St. Paul, Minn.), and a Ph.D. in urban economic geography (1966) from
the University of Minnesota.
Sarah W. Bednarz is an associate professor of geography at Texas A&M
University. She teaches courses on human geography, the geography of
Texas, and geographic education. Her research interests focus on cogni-
tive science and geography. As one of the primary authors of the National
Geography Standards, she developed the materials on geographic skills
and other components of the project. She also served on the team that
developed the framework for the 1994 National Assessment of Educa-
tional Progress Geography Assessment. She has served as the Association
of American Geographers representative to the Geography Education
National Implementation Project and is co-coordinator of the Texas Alli-
ance for Geographic Education. For two summers Dr. Bednarz served on
the staff of the Educational Technology Leadership Institute, a teacher-
training project cosponsored by the National Geographic Society and IBM.
She is currently a member of the geosciences team supervising a group of
graduate students in spatial sciences for the NSF-funded Informational
Technology in Sciences Center at Texas A&M University. She received
her bachelor's degree in geography at Mount Holyoke College, Massa-
chusetts, an M.A.T in geography from the University of Chicago, and com-
pleted a Ph.D. at Texas A&M.
Max J. Egenhofer is the director of the National Center for Geographic
Information and Analysis at the University of Maine, the Libra Professor
of the College of Engineering, professor in Spatial Information Science
and Engineering, and cooperating professor in computer science. Dr.
Egenhofer's research interests include spatiotemporal reasoning, user in-
terfaces for geographic information systems, the design of spatial data-
base systems, and mobile spatial information appliances. He has authored
or coauthored articles in journals, books, and conference proceedings re-
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APPENDIX A 71
lating to GIS and computer science on various aspects of GIS design. He
received an M.S. in surveying engineering from the University of
Stuttgart, Germany, in 1985, and his Ph.D. from the University of Maine
in surveying engineering in 1989.
Mark N. Gahegan is a professor of geography and affiliate professor at
the School of Information Science and Technology at The Pennsylvania
State University. He has been a faculty member at The Pennsylvania State
University since 1998, and his research interests include geographic infor-
mation science (GIS), visualization, semantic models of geography,
geocomputation, digital remote sensing, artificial intelligence tools, spa-
tial analysis, Voronoi diagrams, databases, and qualitative reasoning. His
editorial roles include International Journal of GIS; Transactions in GIS;
Computers, Environment, and Urban Systems; and Computers & Geo-
sciences. He is a technical representative to the Open Geospatial Consor-
tium and associate director of the GeoVista Center at Penn State. He re-
ceived his B.S. at the University of Leeds, U.K., and his Ph.D. at Curtin
University, Australia.
Henry L. Garie has been with the New Jersey Office of GIS, which is re-
sponsible for coordinating the development and use of GIS tools and spa-
tial data, since 1999. Dr. Garie previously served as executive director of
Geospatial One-Stop, an e-government initiative sponsored by the federal
Office of Management and Budget. In 2001, he was appointed to the New
Jersey Geographic Information Council. He led a State agency GIS part-
nership that included membership of all 17 cabinet-level agencies and
served as chair of the New Jersey State Mapping Advisory Committee.
Before being named as state GIS coordinator in 1999, he directed the GIS
Program in the N.J. Department of Environmental Protection from 1986
through September 1999. Dr. Garie is a past president of the National
States Geographic Information Council (1997-1998) and served on the
Mapping Sciences Committee of the National Research Council (1998-
2000). He was a member of the Steering Committee for the 1999 National
Geo-Data Forum and has served on numerous advisory groups working
with the Federal Geographic Data Committee. He has an M.S. in environ-
mental sciences from Rutgers University.
Michael F. Goodchild is a professor of geography at the University of
California, Santa Barbara, chair of UCSB's Center for Spatially Integrated
Social Science, and chair of the Executive Committee of the National Cen-
ter for Geographic Information and Analysis. He received his B.A. in phys-
ics from Cambridge University and his Ph.D. in geography from
McMaster University. He taught at the University of Western Ontario for
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72 APPENDIX A
19 years before moving to his present position in 1988. His research inter-
ests focus on the generic issues of geographic information, including ac-
curacy and the modeling of uncertainty, the design of spatial decision
support systems, development of methods of spatial analysis, and data
structures for global GIS. His publications include the two-volume text
Geographic Information Systems: Principles and Applications. He currently is
a member of the Geographical Sciences Committee and formerly served
as chair of the National Research Council's Mapping Science Committee.
In 2002, he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences.
Kathleen (Kass) Green is the president of Alta Vista Company where she
acts as an independent consultant on geospatial strategy, technology and
policy issues to private, educational, and public organizations. She for-
merly served as the president of Space Imaging Solutions, a division of
Space Imaging LLC. Prior to joining Space Imaging, Ms. Green was presi-
dent of Pacific Meridian Resources, a GIS consulting firm she cofounded
in 1988 and sold to Space Imaging in 2000. Ms. Green's background in-
cludes over 29 years of experience in natural resource policy, economics,
GIS analysis, and remote sensing. She is the author of numerous articles
on GIS and remote sensing and has coauthored a book on the practical
aspects of accuracy assessment. Ms. Green is the current vice president of
the American Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, and is a
past president of the Management Association for Private Photogrammet-
ric Surveyors, an organization of private mapping firms dedicated to ad-
vancing the mapping industry. She received a B.S. in forestry and resource
management from the University of California, Berkeley (1974), an M.S.
in resource policy and management from the University of Michigan, Ann
Arbor (1981), and advanced to candidacy toward her Ph.D.in wildland
resource science from the University of California, Berkeley.
Michael Tait joined Environmental Systems Research Institute Inc. (ESRI)
in 1989 as a project manager/consultant in the Professional Services Divi-
sion and is now Director of the Internet Solutions Division. He is respon-
sible for the development of ESRI's ArcIMS product and Geography Net-
work development activities and oversees a staff of software programmers
and product specialists that is responsible for design, development, and
release of ESRI's ArcIMS software products. Prior to joining ESRI, Mr.
Tait worked for the Planning Department for the City of Austin, Texas
(1985-1989). He is skilled in GIS/database application development, data-
base development and management, data model design and develop-
ment, and data applications programming and implementation. He re-
ceived a B.A. in geography and an M.S. in community and regional
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APPENDIX A 73
planning with an emphasis in planning information systems from the
University of Texas at Austin.
Nancy Tosta, vice president of Ross & Associates Environmental Con-
sulting Ltd. in Seattle, Washington, has over 25 years of experience man-
aging and providing leadership on international, national, state, local, in-
tergovernmental, and regional initiatives to use, integrate, and coordinate
technology for addressing human and natural resource management is-
sues. She has expertise in policy formulation and standards, intergovern-
mental and interagency technology initiatives, organizational change
management, funding and research strategies, information integration
and dissemination, and GIS needs assessments and applications. Prior to
working in the private sector, she was the special assistant to the secretary
for geographic data coordination, Department of the Interior; chief/staff
director, USGS National Mapping Division; and deputy director, State of
California Teale Data Center. Ms. Tosta received her M.S. in soil science
(1976) and B.S. in soils and plant nutrition (1974) from the University of
California, Berkeley.
David Unwin is currently visiting professor at the University College
London Department of Geomatic Engineering. He was previously learn-
ing programmes director at U.K. eUniversities Worldwide Ltd., chair in
the School of Geography at Birkbeck College, University of London, En-
gland, and pro-vice master of the college with special responsibility for
communications and information technology. He was an early pioneer in
the United Kingdom of the application of computing to geographic prob-
lems and to geographic education. In 1989 he was the founding director of
the Computers in Teaching Initiative Centre for Geography. Over the past
25 years, he has served on various committees of the Royal Geographical
Society and the Geographical Association. He is also a past council and
management committee member of the Association for Geographic Infor-
mation. Professor Unwin has led or co-led a number of major GI research
projects. From 1989 to 1993 he was assistant director of the U.K. Economic
and Social Research Council's Midland's Regional Research Laboratory at
Leicester University. He has developed tools for the visualization of geo-
graphic data and for use in the development of virtual field courses. He
has also developed tools for the characterization of urban surfaces in
physically meaningful terms for inputs into urban climate models. He re-
ceived a B.S. from the University of London (1965) and a master's degree
in philosophy from the University of London (1970).
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74 APPENDIX A
NRC Staff
Ronald F. Abler is currently a senior scientist at the National Academies
and secretary general and treasurer of the International Geographical
Union. He was executive director of the Association of American Geogra-
phers from 1989 through 2002 and professor of geography at The Penn-
sylvania State University from 1967 to 1995. From 1984 to 1988, Dr. Abler
was director of the Geography and Regional Science Program at the Na-
tional Science Foundation, where he coordinated the establishment in 1988
of the National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis. Dr.
Abler's research explores the ways different societies have used intercom-
munications technologies at different times and places. He has written
numerous research articles and is coauthor or editor of several books.
Most recently he edited Global Change and Local Places: Estimating, Under-
standing, and Reducing Greenhouse Gases. Dr. Abler was president of the
AAG (1985-1986). He has received the Centenary Medal of the Royal Scot-
tish Geographical Society (1990), Association of American Geographers
Honors (1995), the Victoria Medal of the Royal Geographical Society/In-
stitute of British Geographers (1996), and the Samuel Finley Breese Morse
Medal of the American Geographical Society (2004). He earned his B.A.,
M.A, and Ph.D. (1968) in geography at the University of Minnesota.
Anthony R. de Souza, director, Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,
was previously executive director of the National Geography Standards
Project, secretary general of the 27th International Geographical Union
Congress, editor of National Geographic Research & Exploration, and editor
of the Journal of Geography. He has held positions as a professor and as a
visiting teacher and scholar at the George Washington University, Uni-
versity of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, University of Minnesota, University of
California, Berkeley, and University of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania. He has
served as a member of NRC committees. He holds B.A. (honors) and Ph.D.
degrees from the University of Reading in England, and has received nu-
merous honors and awards, including the Medalla al Benito Juarez in 1992
and the Gilbert Grosvenor honors award from the Association of Ameri-
can Geographers in 1996. His research interests include the processes and
mechanisms of economic development and human-environment relation-
ships. He has published several books and more than 100 articles, reports,
and reviews.
Paul M. Cutler is a senior program officer for the Polar Research Board of
the National Academies. He directs studies in the areas of polar science
and atmospheric science. Before joining the Polar Research Board staff,
Dr. Cutler was a senior program officer in the Academies' Board on Earth
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APPENDIX A 75
Sciences and Resources, where he directed the Mapping Science Commit-
tee and studies in Earth science and geographic information science. Be-
fore joining the Academies, he was an assistant scientist and lecturer in
the Department of Geology and Geophysics at the University of Wiscon-
sin-Madison. His research is in glaciology, hydrology, meteorology, and
quaternary science, and he has conducted fieldwork in Alaska, Antarc-
tica, arctic Sweden, the Swiss Alps, Pakistan's Karakoram mountains, the
midwestern United States, and the Canadian Rockies. Dr. Cutler received
an M.Sc. in geography from the University of Toronto and a Ph.D. in geol-
ogy from the University of Minnesota.
Kristen Campbell is the program director for the George Washington
University's Africa Center for Health and Security. Previously, she was a
program officer with the National Academies' Board on Earth Sciences
and Resources. She received her B.A. and M.S. degrees in environmental
sciences from the University of Virginia. Prior to joining the National
Academies, she was director of programs at the Renewable Natural Re-
sources Foundation (RNRF) in Bethesda, Maryland. She provided staff
support for several interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary programs that
assessed renewable natural resources requirements and formulated pub-
lic policy alternatives. She also edited RNRF's Renewable Resources Journal.
While at the National Academies, Mrs. Campbell worked on studies in-
volving coal waste impoundments, geographic information for sustain-
able development in Africa, and the U.S. Climate Change Science Pro-
gram Strategic Plan. She was also the study director for the National
Academies' Geographical Sciences Committee. She is a member of the
Association of American Geographers.
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Representative terms from entire chapter:
information science
